What are the four horsemen of the relationship apocalypse according to John Gottman? Criticism, Defensiveness, Stonewalling, Contempt Love, Trust, Communication, Respect Happiness, Sadness, Fear, Surprise Anger, Jealousy, Resentment, Bitterness

Criticism, Defensiveness, Stonewalling, Contempt

Which of the following are examples of criticism in a relationship? Attacking partner's personality, using 'you' statements, generalizations Offering constructive feedback, using 'I' statements, active listening Ignoring issues, avoiding conflict, staying silent Expressing gratitude, showing appreciation, giving compliments

Attacking partner's personality, using 'you' statements, generalizations

Which behaviors are examples of defensiveness in a relationship? Offering support, showing understanding, being patient Defending innocence, making excuses, cross-complaining Open communication, active listening, empathy Ignoring issues, avoiding responsibility, staying silent

Defending innocence, making excuses, cross-complaining

Which of the following are examples of stonewalling in a relationship? Refusing to respond, giving the silent treatment, shrugging Expressing emotions, sharing thoughts, being open Engaging in dialogue, offering solutions, showing interest Avoiding conflict, staying neutral, being passive

Refusing to respond, giving the silent treatment, shrugging

Which behaviors are examples of contempt in a relationship? Avoiding conflict, staying silent, being indifferent Sneering, rolling eyes, using hostile humor Listening actively, showing empathy, being patient Offering praise, showing affection, being supportive

Sneering, rolling eyes, using hostile humor

What are the three main types of cheating in relationships? Financial, Emotional, and Physical Social, Professional, and Personal Verbal, Physical, and Emotional Sexual, Emotional, and a mix of both

Sexual, Emotional, and a mix of both

Is working memory considered a type of memory, and what does it involve? Yes, it is a type of sensory memory No, it involves processing and manipulating information Yes, it is a type of long-term memory No, it only involves storing information

No, it involves processing and manipulating information

What is the inference called when behavior is attributed to a person's character or personality? Internal attribution (dispositional) External attribution (situational) Fundamental attribution error Self-serving bias

Internal attribution (dispositional)

What is the inference called when behavior is attributed to the situation rather than the person? Halo effect Just-world hypothesis External attribution (situational) Internal attribution (dispositional)

External attribution (situational)

What did the 2006 MRI study on person-centered therapy find about the brain's response to affirmations? Mid to back brain areas linked to survival light up Decreased amygdala response Increased activity in the frontal cortex No significant changes observed

Mid to back brain areas linked to survival light up

Which therapy is Carl Rogers associated with, and what is his contribution to it? Cognitive therapy; he introduced cognitive restructuring Person-centered therapy; he developed its core principles Psychoanalytic therapy; he emphasized dream analysis Behavioral therapy; he focused on reinforcement techniques

Person-centered therapy; he developed its core principles

What concepts did Carl Rogers introduce into the psychology community? Dream analysis, free association, and transference Cognitive restructuring, schemas, and automatic thoughts Behavior modification, reinforcement, and punishment Love, working on oneself as a psychologist, and applied psychology

Love, working on oneself as a psychologist, and applied psychology

What are the three essential conditions needed for an environment that promotes growth according to Carl Rogers? Authority, discipline, and structure Challenge, competition, and reward Genuineness, acceptance, and empathy Observation, imitation, and modeling

Genuineness, acceptance, and empathy

What are the three conditions of psychopathology according to person-centered therapy? Lack of reinforcement, punishment, extinction Conditions of worth, conditional regard, psychological disturbance Unresolved conflicts, repressed memories, unconscious desires Negative thinking patterns, cognitive distortions, irrational beliefs

Conditions of worth, conditional regard, psychological disturbance

What are the two things the client provides in person-centered change? Insight and self-awareness Psychological contract and incongruence Empathy and unconditional positive regard Resistance and transference

Psychological contract and incongruence

What are the three things the therapist provides in person-centered change? Observation, feedback, and reinforcement Congruence, unconditional positive regard, and empathy Interpretation, analysis, and confrontation Guidance, advice, and solutions

Congruence, unconditional positive regard, and empathy

What does the client perceive in person-centered change? Ambivalence and confusion, resulting in stagnation Empathy and acceptance, moving towards congruence Judgment and criticism, leading to defensiveness Authority and control, causing resistance

Empathy and acceptance, moving towards congruence

How did existential psychotherapy begin, and what is its historical context? Developed from psychoanalysis, emphasized unconscious processes Emerged from cognitive therapy, targeted thought patterns Originated from behaviorism, focused on observable behavior Started as a philosophy, humanized and modernized psychology

Started as a philosophy, humanized and modernized psychology

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