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mathematics
linear algebra
Discovering Advanced Algebra An Investigative Approach 1st edition Jerald Murdock, Ellen Kamischke, Eric Kamischke - Solutions
This formula models Anita's salary for the last seven years: un = 847n + 17109. The variable n represents the number of years of experience she has, and un represents her salary in dollars. a. What did she earn in the fifth year? What did she earn in her first year? (Think carefully about what n
Write the equation in point-slope form of each line shown.a.b.
This data set was collected by a college psychology class to determine the effects of sleep deprivation on students' ability to solve problems. Ten participants went 8, 12, 16, 20, or 24 hours without sleep and then completed a set of simple addition problems. The number of addition errors was
The 3rd term of an arithmetic sequence is 54. The 21st term is 81. Find the 35th term.
Write the first four terms of this sequence and describe its long-run behavior. u1= 56 un = un - 1 / 2 + 4 where ≥ 2
Given the data set {20, 12, 15, 17, 21, 15, 30, 16, 14}: a. Find the median. b. Add as few elements as possible to the set in order to make 19.5 the median.
You start 8 meters from a marker and walk toward it at the rate of 0.5 m/s. a. Write a recursive rule that gives your distance from the marker after each second. b. Write an explicit formula that allows you to find your distance from the marker at any time. c. Interpret the real-world meaning of a
Write the equation in point-slope form of each line described. a. Slope passing through (5, -7) b. Slope -4 passing through (1, 6) c. Parallel to y = -2 + 3x passing through (-2, 8) d. Parallel to y = -4 - 3/5(x + 1) passing through (-4, 11)
Solve each equation. a. Solve un = 23 + 2(n - 7) for un if n = 11. b. Solve d = -47 - 4(t + 6) for t if d = 95. c. Solve y = 56 - 6(x - 10) for x if y = 107.
Consider the line y = 5.a. Graph this line and identify two points on it.b. What is the slope of this line?c. Write the equation of the line that contains the points (3, -4) and (-2, -4).d. Write three statements about horizontal lines and their equations.
Consider the line x = -3. a. Graph it and identify two points on it. b. What is the slope of this line? c. Write the equation of the line that contains the points (3, 5) and (3, 1). d. Write three statements about vertical lines and their equations.
Of the graphs below, choose the one with the line that best satisfies the guidelines on page 128. For each of the other graphs, explain which guidelines the line violates.a.b. c. d.
For each graph below, lay your ruler along your best estimate of the line of fit. Estimate the y-intercept and the coordinates of one other point on the line. Write an equation in intercept form for the line of fit.a.b. c.
A photography studio offers several packages to students posing for yearbook photos. Let x represent the number of pictures, and let y represent the price in dollars.a. Plot the data, and find an equation of a line of fit. Explain the real-world meaning of the slope of this line. b. Find the
Use height as the independent variable and length of forearm as the dependent variable for the data collected from nine students. Height (cm) Forearm (cm) 185. 9 ....................... 48.5 172.0 ....................... 44.5 155.0 ....................... 41.0 191.5 .......................
How should you divide the following sets into three groups for the median-median line method? a. Set of 51 elements b. Set of 50 elements c. Set of 47 elements d. Set of 38 elements
The number of deaths caused by automobile accidents, D, per hundred thousand population in the United States is given for various years, t.D. C. Heath, 1949, p. 246.) a. Make a scatter plot of the data. b. Find the three summary points. c. Write the equation of the median-median line. d. What does
Create a data set of 9 values such that the median is 28, the minimum is 11, and there is no upper whisker on a box plot of the data.
What is the equation of the line that passes through a graph of the points of the sequence defined by u1 = 4 un = un-1 - 3 where ≥ 2
The histogram at right shows the results of a statewide math test given to eleventh graders. If Ramon scored 35, what is the range of his percentile ranking?
Earl's science lab group made six measurements of mass and then summarized the results. Someone threw away the measurements. Help the group reconstruct the measurements from these statistics. • The median and mean are both 3.2 g. • The mode is 3.0 g. • The IQR is 0.6 g. • The largest
Travis is riding with his parents on Interstate 15 across Utah. He records the digital speedometer reading in mi/h at 4:00 P.M. and every five minutes for the next hour. His record is {61.3, 48.7, 62.4, 50.1, 60.3, 64.8, 67.1, 54.0, 60.2, 45.3, 52.3, 67.6, 63.9} a. What is their mean speed? b. What
Find an equation in point-slope form of the line passing through a. (8.1, 15.7) and (17.3, 9.5) b. (3, 47) and (18, 84)
Find an equation in point-slope form of the line parallel to y = -12.2 + 0.75x that passes through the point (14.4, 0.9).
Find an equation of the line one-third of the way from y = -1.8x + 74.1 to y = -1.8x + 70.5.
Find the equation of the line one-third of the way from the line y = 2.8 + 4.7x to the point (12.8, 64).
Follow these steps to find the equation for the median-median line for the data on life expectancy at birth for males in the United States for different years in the 20th century. Let x represent the year, and let y represent the male life expectancy in years. Year of birth Male
Choose an investigation in this chapter. Find the residual for each data point (difference between the actual y-value and the model-predicted y-value). Display these residuals with a histogram or box plot. Using the information in your histogram or box plot, describe how good you think your model
Refer to your data from the Investigation The Wave in Lesson 3.3 and find the equation for the median-median line. Compare this equation with the one you found previously. Which equation do you feel is a better model for the data? Why?
Use these data on world records for the 1-mile run to answer the questions below. Times are in minutes and seconds. Year ....................................Runner Time 1915 .................. Norman Taber, U.S. 4:12.6 1923 ................ Paavo Nurmi, Finland 4:10.4 1937 ............ Sydney
The median-median line for a set of data is = 2.4x + 3.6. Find the residual for each of these data points. a. (2, 8.2) b. (4, 12.8) c. (10, 28.2)
Leajato experimented by turning the key of a wind-up car different numbers of times and recorded how far it traveled.a. Graph the data and find the median-median line. b. Calculate the root mean square error. c. Predict how far the car will go if you turn the key five times. Use the root mean
Since 1964, the total number of electors in the electoral college has been 538. In order to declare a winner in a presidential election, a majority, or 270 electoral votes, is needed. The table at right shows the number of electoral votes that the Democratic and Republican parties have received in
Write an equation in point-slope form for each of these lines. a. The slope is and the line passes through (2, 4.7). b. The line has slope -7 and x-intercept 6. c. The line passes through (3, 11) and (-6, -18).
Solve. a. 3 + 5x = 17 - 2x b. 12 + 3(t- 5) = 6t + 1
David deposits $30 into his bank account at the end of each month. The bank pays 7% annual interest compounded monthly. a. Write a recursive formula to show David's balance at the end of each month. b. How much of the balance was deposited and how much interest is earned after i. 1year ii. 10 years
The median-median line for a set of data is = -1.8x + 94. This table gives the x-value and the residual for each data point. Determine the y-value for each data point.
Return to Exercise 6 in Lesson 3.4 about life expectancy for males. Use your median-median line equation to answer these questions. a. Calculate the residuals. b. Calculate the root mean square error for the median-median line. c. What is the real-world meaning of the root mean square error?
Suppose the residuals for a data set are 0.4, -0.3, 0.2, 0.1, -0.2, -0.3, 0.2, 0.1. What is the root mean square error for this set of residuals?
This table gives the mean height in centimeters of boys ages 5 to 13 in the United States. Age Height (cm) 5 ................... 109.2 6 ................... 115.7 7 ................... 122.0 8 ................... 128.1 9 ................... 133.7 Age Height (cm) 10 ..................... 138.8 11
Consider the residuals from Exercise 5b. a. Make a box plot of these values. b. Describe the information about the residuals that is shown in the box plot.
With a specific line of fit, the data point (6, 47) has a residual of 2.8. The slope of the line of fit is 2.4. What is the equation of the line of fit?
a. The following readings were taken from a display outside the First River Bank. The display alternated between °F and °C. However, there was an error within the system that calculated the temperatures.b. Calculate the residuals. You will notice that the residuals are generally negative
Alex says, &8220; The formula for the root mean square error is long. Why do you have to square and then take the square root? Isn't that just doing a lot of work for nothing? Can't you just make them all positive, add them up, and divide?" Help Calista show Alex that his method does not give the
Use a table to find the point of intersection for each pair of linear equations.a.b.
At an excavation site, anthropologists use various clues to draw conclusions about people and populations based on skeletal remains. For instance, when a partial skeleton is found, an anthropologist can use the lengths of certain bones to estimate the height of the living person. The humerus bone
Write a system of equations to model each situation, and solve for the values of the appropriate variables. a. The perimeter of a rectangle is 44 cm. Its length is 2 cm more than twice its width. b. The perimeter of an isosceles triangle is 40 cm. The base length is 2 cm less than the length of a
Use the model = 343.5 + 1.55(x - 1984) that was found in the example in Lesson 3.3. Recall that x represents the year, and y represents the concentration of CO2 in parts per million (ppm) at Mauna Loa. a. Predict the concentration of CO2 in the year 1984. b. Use the model to predict the
The histogram shows the average annual cost of insuring a motor vehicle in the United States.a. How many jurisdictions are included in the histogram? b. Mississippi is the median jurisdiction. Mississippi is in what bin? c. In what percentage of the jurisdictions is the average cost less than $600?
Solve these equations for y. a. 3x - 8y = 12 b. 5x + 2y = 12 c. -3x + 4y = 5
Write a system of equations that has (2, 7.5) as its solution.
Write the equation of the line perpendicular to y = 4 - 2.5x and passing through the point (1, 5).
Solve each equation. a. 4 - 2.5(x - 6) = 3 + 7x b. 11.5 + 4.1t = 6 + 3.2(t - 4)
Use substitution to find the point (x, y) where each pair of lines intersect. Use a graph or table to verify your answer.a.b. c.
The equations s1 = 18 + 0.4m and s2 = 11.2 + 0.54m give the lengths of two different springs in centimeters, s1 and s2, as mass amounts in grams, m, are separately added to each. a. When are the springs the same length? b. When is one spring at least 10 cm longer than the other? c. Write a
This graph shows the Kangaroo Company's production costs and revenue for its pogo sticks. Use the graph to estimate the answers to the questions below.a. If 25 pogo sticks are sold, will the company earn a profit? Describe how you can use the graph to answer this question. b. If the company sells
Winning times for men and women in the 1500 m Olympic speed skating event are given below, in minutes and seconds.a. Analyze the data and predict when the winning times for men and women will be the same if the current trends continue. b. How reasonable do you think your prediction is? Explain your
Suppose the long-distance phone companies in Example A calculate their charges so that a call of exactly 3 min will cost the same as a call of 3.25 min or 3.9 min, and there is no increase in cost until you have been connected for 4 min. Increases are calculated after each additional minute. A
Solve each equation for the specified variable.a. w - r = 11, for wb. 2p + 3h = 18, for hc. w - r = 11, for rd. 2p + 3h = 18, for p
The two sequences below have one term that is the same. Determine which term this is and find its value. u1 = 12 ................................. v1 = 15 un = un -1 + 0.3 where n ≥ 2 .......... vn = vn -1 + 0.2 where n ≥ 2
Formulas play an important part in many fields of mathematics and science. You can create a new formula using substitution to combine formulas. a. Using the formulas A = s2 and d = s√2 write a formula for A in terms of d. b. Using the formulas P = IE and E = IR, write a formula for P in terms of
A support bar will be in equilibrium (balanced) at the fulcrum, O, if m1x + m2y = m3z, where m1, m2, and m3 represent masses and x, y, and z represent the distance of the masses to the fulcrum. Draw a diagram for each question and calculate the answer.a. A 40 in. bar is in equilibrium when a weight
Consider the equation 3x + 2y - 7 = 0 a. Solve the equation for y. b. Graph this equation. c. What is the slope? d. What is the y-intercept? e. Write an equation for a line perpendicular to this one and having the same y-intercept. Graph this equation.
This table gives the mean price for a gallon of gasoline in the United States from 1950 through 2000.a. Make a scatter plot of the data. Let x represent the year, and y represent the price in dollars. b. Find the median-median line of the data. c. Assuming that the same trend continues, predict the
This table shows the normal monthly precipitation in inches for Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and Portland, Oregon.a. Display the data in two box plots on the same axis. b. Give the five-number summary of each data set. c. Describe the differences in living conditions with respect to precipitation. d.
Consider these three sequences. i. 243, -324, 432, -576, . . . ii. 22, 26, 31, 37, 44, . . . iii. 24, 25.75, 27.5, 29.25, 31, . . . a. Find the next two terms in each sequence. b. Identify each sequence as arithmetic, geometric, or other. c. If a sequence is arithmetic or geometric, write a
Multiply both sides of each equation by the given value. What is the relationship between the graphs of the new equation and the original equation? a. j + 5k = 8, by -3 b. 2p + 3h = 18, by 5 c. 6f - 4g = 22, by 0.5 d.
Add each pair of equations. What is the relationship between the graphs of the new equation and the original pair?a.b.
Graph each system and find an approximate solution. Then choose a method and find the exact solution. List each solution as an ordered pair. a. b. c. d. e.
Solve each problem. a. If 4x + y = 6, then what is (4x + y - 3)2? b. If 4x + 3y = 14 and 3x - 3y = 13, what is 7x?
The formula to convert between Fahrenheit and Celsius is C = 5 / 9 (F - 32). What reading on the Fahrenheit scale is three times the equivalent temperature on the Celsius scale?
Ellen must decide between two cameras. The first camera costs $47.00 and uses two alkaline AA batteries. The second camera costs $59.00 and uses one $4.95 lithium battery. She plans to use the camera frequently enough that she probably would replace the AA batteries six times a year for a total
Write a system of two equations that has a solution of (-1.4, 3.6).
The 4th term of an arithmetic sequence is 64. The 54th term is - 61. Find the 23rd term.
State whether each recursive formula defines a sequence that is arithmetic, geometric, shifted geometric, or none of these. State whether a graph of the sequence would be linear or curved. Then list the first 5 terms of the sequence. a. u1 = 4 and un = 3un - 1 where n ≥ 2 b. u0 = 20 and un = 2un
You receive a $500 gift for high school graduation and deposit it into a savings account on June 15. The account has an annual interest rate of 5.9% compounded annually. a. Write a recursive formula for this problem. b. List the first 3 terms of the sequence. c. What is the meaning of the value of
An Internet web site gives the current world population and projects the population for future years. Its projections for the number of people on Earth on January 1 in the years 2005 through 2009 are given in the table at right.Population ProjectionsYear World population2005 ..............
Jonah must take an antibiotic every 12 hours. Each pill is 25 milligrams, and after every 12 hours, 50% of the drug remains in his body. What is the amount of antibiotic in his body over the first 2 days? What amount will there be in his body in the long run?
Create a box-and-whisker plot that has this five-number summary: 5, 7, 12, 13, 17. a. Are the data skewed left, skewed right, or symmetric? b. What is the median of the data? c. What is the IQR? d. What percentage of data values are above 12? Above 13? Below 5?
The table shows high school dropout rates reported by states and the District of Columbia in 1998-1999. Data are unavailable for some states.a. What are the mean, median, mode, and standard deviation of the data? b. Do any states lie more than 2 standard deviations above or below the mean? c. Draw
Consider this data on the median age of U.S. women who married for the first time in these years between 1972 and 1990. Approximately 0.08% of Americans get married each year.a. Create a scatter plot of this data. Do these data seem linear? b. Find a median-median line for the data. c. Use your
Consider the arithmetic sequence 6, 13, 20, 27, 34, . . . . Let u1 represent the first term. a. Write a recursive formula that describes this sequence. b. Write an explicit formula for this sequence. c. What is the slope of your equation in 19b? What relationship does this have to the arithmetic
Consider the line y = -5.02 + 23.45x. a. What is the slope of this line? b. Write an equation for a line that is parallel to this line. c. Write an equation for a line that is perpendicular to this line.
For an arithmetic sequence u1 = 12, and u10 = 52.5. a. What is the common difference of the sequence? b. Find the equation of the line through the points (1, 12) and (10, 52.5). c. What is the relationship between 20a and 20b?
Find the point on each line where y is equal to 740.0. a. y = 16.8x + 405 b. y = -7.4 + 4.3(x - 3.2)
Consider the system of equationsa. Substitute the y-value from Equation 1 into Equation 2 to obtain a new equation. Solve the new equation for x. b. Subtract Equation 2 from Equation 1 and solve for the remaining variable.
The graphs below show three different lines of fit for the same set of data. For each graph, decide whether the line is a good line of fit or not, and explain why.a.b. c.
Solve each system.a.b. c.
Find the point (or points) where each pair of lines intersect.a.b. c.
The ratio of the weight of an object on Mercury to its weight on Earth is 0.38.a. Explain why you can use the equation m = 0.38e to model the weight of an object on Mercury. b. How much would a 160-pound student weigh on Mercury? c. The ratios for the Moon and Jupiter are 0.17 and 2.54
Read the Architecture Connection. The table lists the amount of lean, measured in millimeters, for thirteen different years.a. Make a scatter plot of the data. Let x represent the year, and let y represent the amount of lean in millimeters. b. Find a median-median line for the data. c. What is the
The three representative points shown here are used to find the two parallel lines and, finally, the median-median line for data points that are not shown.The median-median line is two-thirds of the vertical distance from the top line to the bottom line.Find the centroid, or balance point, of the
The data at right show the average price of a movie ticket for selected years. Find a medianmedian line for the years 1935-2001. Does your line seem to fit the data well? Which years are not predicted well by your equation? Consider whether or not two or more line segments would fit the data
In this chapter you learned three methods for solving a system of linear equations- graphing, substitution, and elimination. These methods also can be applied to systems of nonlinear equations. Use all three methods to solve this system:
Sketch a graph to match each description. a. increasing throughout, first slowly and then at a faster rate b. decreasing slowly, then more and more rapidly, then suddenly becoming constant c. alternately increasing and decreasing without any sudden changes in rate
Write an equation for the line that fits each situation. a. The length of a rope is 1.70 m, and it decreases by 0.12 m for every knot that is tied in it. b. When you join a CD club, you get the first 8 CDs for $7.00. After that, your bill increases by $9.50 for each additional CD you purchase.
Albert starts a business reproducing high-quality copies of pictures. It costs $155 to prepare the picture and then $15 to make each print. Albert plans to sell each print for $27.American photographer Gordon Parks (b 1912) holds a large, framed print of one of his photographs. a. Write a cost
Suppose you have a $200,000 home loan with an annual interest rate of 6.5%, compounded monthly. a. If you pay $1200 per month, what balance remains after 20 years? b. If you pay $1400 per month, what balance remains after 20 years? c. If you pay $1500 per month, what balance remains after 20
Follow these steps to solve this system of three equations in three variables.a. Use the elimination method with Equation 1 and Equation 2 to eliminate z. The result will be an equation in two variables, x and y. b. Use the elimination method with Equation 1 and Equation 3 to eliminate z. c. Use
For each graph, write a description like those in Exercise 1.a.b. c.
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