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mathematics
linear algebra
Discovering Advanced Algebra An Investigative Approach 1st edition Jerald Murdock, Ellen Kamischke, Eric Kamischke - Solutions
Perform matrix arithmetic in 3a-f. If a particular operation is impossible, explain why.a.b. c. d. f.
Find matrix [B] such that
This matrix represents a triangle:a. Graph the triangle. b. Find the result of this matrix multiplication: c. Graph the image represented by the matrix in 5b. d. Describe the transformation.
Find matrix [A] and matrix [C] such that the triangle represented byMatrix [T] is reflected across the x-axis.
Of two-car families in a small city, 88% remain two-car families in the following year and 12% become one-car families in the following year. Of one-car families, 72% remain one-car families and 28% become two-car families. Suppose these trends continue for a few years. At present, 4800 families
Enter these matrices into your calculator.a. Find [A][B] and [B][A]. Are they the same? b. Find [A][C] and [C][A]. Are they the same? What do you notice? c. Find [A][D] and [D][A]. Are they the same? What do you notice? d. Is matrix multiplication commutative? That is, does order matter?
Find the missing values.a.b.
Write a system of equations for each augmented matrix?a.b.
The yearbook staff sells ads in three sizes. The full-page ads sell for $200, the half-page ads sell for $125, and the business-card-size ads sell for $20. All together they earned $1715 from 22 ads. There were four times as many business-card-size ads sold as full-page ads. How many of each ad
The Life is a Dance troupe has two choices in how it will be paid for its next series of performances. The first option is to receive $12,500 for the series plus 5% of all ticket sales. The second option is $6,800 for the series plus 15% of ticket sales. The company will perform three consecutive
Consider this graph of a system of two linear equations.
For each segment shown in the pentagon at right, write an equation in point-slope form for the line that contains the segment. Check your equations by graphing them on your calculator.
Consider the graph of (ABC.a. Represent (ABC with a matrix [M].b. Find each product and graph the image of the triangle represented by the result.i.ii.
Write an augmented matrix for each system.a.b.
Perform each row operation on this matrix.a. -R1 + R2 R2 b. -2R1 + R3 R3?
Give the missing row operation or matrix in the table.
Rewrite each system of equations as an augmented matrix. If possible, transform the matrix into its reduced row-echelon form using row operations on your calculator.a.b. c. d.
A farmer raises only goats and chickens on his farm. All together he has 47 animals, and they have a total of 118 legs.b. The farmer's neighbor also has goats and chickens. She reports having 118 animals with a total of 47 legs. Write a system of equations and an augmented matrix. How many of each
The largest angle of a triangle is 4° more than twice the smallest angle. The smallest angle is 24° less than the midsize angle. What are the measures of the three angles?
The amount of merchandise that is available for sale is called supply. The amount of merchandise that consumers want to buy is called demand. Supply and demand are in equilibrium, or balance, when a price is found that makes supply and demand equal. Suppose the following data represent supply and
Find a, b, and c such that the graph of y = ax2 + bx + c passes through the points (1, 3), (4, 24), and (-2, 18)?
Rewrite each system of equations in matrix form.a.b. c. d.
Being able to solve a system of equations is definitely not "new" mathematics. Mahāv1̄ra, the best-known Indian mathematician of the 9th century, worked the following problem. See if you can solve it. The mixed price of 9 citrons and 7 fragrant wood apples is 107; again, the mixed price of 7
The circuit here is made of two batteries (6 volt and 9 volt) and three resistors (47 ohms, 470 ohms, and 280 ohms). The batteries create an electric current in the circuit. Let x, y, and z represent the current in amps flowing through each resistor. The voltage across each resistor is current
When you use your calculator to find the inverse of the coefficient matrix for this system, you get an error message. What does this mean about the system?
An important application in the study of economics is the study of the relationship between industrial production and consumer demand. In creating an economic model, Russian-American economist Wassily Leontief (1906-1999) noted that the total output less the internal consumption equals consumer
For each equation, write a second linear equation that would create a consistent and dependent system. a. y = 2x + 4 b. y = - 1/3x - 3 c. 2x + 5y = 10 d. x - 2y = - 6?
For each equation, write a second linear equation that would create an inconsistent system. a. y = 2x + 4 b. y = - 1/3 x - 3 c. 2x + 5y = 10 d. x - 2y = - 6?
Four towns, Lenox, Murray, Davis, and Terre, are connected by a series of roads.a. Represent the number of direct road connections between the towns in a matrix, [A]. List the towns in the order Lenox, Murray, Davis, and Terre.b. Explain the meaning of the value of a22.c. Describe the symmetry of
Multiply each pair of matrices. If multiplication is not possible, explain why?a.b. c.
Use matrix multiplication to expand each system. Then solve for each variable by using substitution or elimination?a.b.
Multiply each pair of matrices. Are the matrices of each other?a.b.
Find the inverse of each matrix by solving the matrix equation [A][A]-1 = [I]. Then find the inverse matrix on your calculator to check your answer.a.b. c. d.
At the High Flying Amusement Park there are three kinds of rides: Jolly rides, Adventure rides, and Thrill rides. Admission is free when you buy a book of tickets, which includes ten tickets for each type of ride. Or you can pay $5.00 for admission and then buy tickets for each of the rides
A family invested a portion of $5000 in an account at 6% annual interest and the rest in an account at 7.5% annual interest. The total interest they earned in the first year was $340.50. How much did they invest in each account?
The midsize angle of a triangle is 30° greater than the smallest angle. The largest angle is 10° more than twice the midsize angle. What are the measures of the three angles?
Solve each inequality for y? a. 2x - 5y > 10 b. 4(2 - 3y) + 2x > 14
As the altitude of a spacecraft increases, an astronaut's weight decreases until a state of weightlessness is achieved. The weight of a 57 kg astronaut, W, at a given altitude in kilometers above Earth's sea level, x, is given by the formulaa. At what altitudes will the astronaut weigh less than 2
Al just got rid of 40 of his dad's old records. He sold each classical record for $5 and each jazz record for $2. The rest of the records could not be sold, so he donated them to a thrift shop. Al knows that he sold fewer than 10 jazz records and that he earned more than $100. a. Let x represent
A parabola with an equation in the form y = ax2 + bx + c passes through the points (-2, -32), (1, 7), and (3, 63). a. Set up systems and use matrices to find the values of a, b, and c for this parabola. b. Write the equation of this parabola. c. Describe how to verify that your answer is correct?
These data were collected from a bouncing-ball experiment. Recall that the height in centimeters, y, is exponentially related to the number of the bounce, x. Find the values of a and b for an exponential model in the form y = abx.
Complete the reduction of this augmented matrix to row-echelon form. Give each row operation and find each missing matrix entry.
The growth of a population of water fungus is modeled by the function y = f (x) = 2.68(3.84)x where x represents the number of hours elapsed and y represents the number of fungi spores. a. How many spores are there initially? b. How many spores are there after 10 h? c. Find an inverse function that
Graph each linear inequality. a. y ( -2x + 5 b. 2y + 2x > 5 c. x > 5
For 3 a-d, write the equation of each graph.a.b. c. d.
The graphs of y = 2.4x + 2 and y = -x2 - 2x + 6.4 serve as the boundaries of this feasible region. What two inequalities identify this region?
Sketch the feasible region of each system of inequalities. Find the coordinates of each vertex.
Sketch the feasible region of each system of inequalities. Find the coordinates of each vertex.
Sketch the feasible region of each system of inequalities. Find the coordinates of each vertex.
Sketch the feasible region of each system of inequalities. Find the coordinates of each vertex.
In the Lux Art Gallery, rectangular paintings must have an area between 200 in.2 and 300 in.2 and a perimeter between 66 in. and 80 in.a. Write four inequalities involving length and width that represent these constraints.b. Graph this system of inequalities to identify the feasible region.c. Will
Carefully graph this system of inequalities and label the vertices?
Teo sells a set of videotapes on an online auction. The postal service he prefers puts these restrictions on the size of a package: Up to 150 lb Up to 130 in. in length and girth combined Up to 108 in. in length Length is defined as the longest side of a package or object. Girth is the distance all
Solve each of these systems in at least two different ways.a.b.
Sketch a graph of the feasible region described by this system of inequalities?
Consider this system of equations:a. Write the augmented matrix for this system.
Find the equation of the parabola at right?
For the system in Exercise 1, find the vertex that optimizes these expressions: a. maximize: 5x + 2y b. minimize: x + 3y c. maximize: x + 4y d. minimize: 5x + y e. What generalizations can you make about which vertex provides a maximum or minimum value?
Graph this system of inequalities, label the vertices of the feasible region, and name the integer coordinates that maximize the function P = 0.08x + 0.10y. What is this maximum value of P?
During nesting season, two different bird species inhabit a region with area 180,000 m2. Dr. Chan estimates that this ecological region can provide 72,000 kg of food during the season. Each nesting pair of species X needs 39.6 kg of food during a specified time period and 120 m2 of land. Each
Use a combination of the four lines shown on the graph along with the axes to create a system of inequalities whose graph satisfies each description.a. The feasible region is a triangle.b. The feasible region is a quadrilateral with one side on the y-axis.c. The feasible region is a pentagon with
The International Canine Academy raises and trains Siberian sled dogs and dancing French poodles. Breeders can supply the academy with at most 20 poodles and 15 Siberian huskies each year. Each poodle eats 2 lb/d of food and each sled dog eats 6 lb/d. Food supplies are restricted to at most 100
The Elite Pottery Shoppe budgets a maximum of $1,000 per month for newspaper and radio advertising. The newspaper charges $50 per ad and requires at least four ads per month. The radio station charges $100 per minute and requires a minimum of 5 minutes of advertising per month. It is estimated that
A small electric generating plant must decide how much low-sulfur (2%) and high-sulfur (6%) oil to buy. The final mixture must have a sulfur content of no more than 4%. At least 1200 barrels of oil are needed. Low-sulfur oil costs $18.50 per barrel and high-sulfur oil costs $14.70 per barrel. How
A fair-trade farmers' cooperative in Chiapas, Mexico, is deciding how much coffee and cocoa to recommend to their members to plant. Their 1,000 member families have 7,500 total acres to farm. Because of the geography of the region, 2,450 acres are suitable only for growing coffee and 1,230 acres
You have probably noticed that when a matrix has no inverse, one of the rows is a multiple of another row. For a 2 ( 2 matrix, this also means that the products of the diagonals are equal, or that the difference of these products is 0.This difference of the diagonals is called the determinant of
In Lesson 6.3, Exercise 14, you multipliedBy a matrix that represented a triangle. The result was a rotation. Try multiplying this matrix by matrices representing other types of polygons. Does it have the same effect? Find a different rotation matrix-one that will rotate a polygon by a different
You have learned how to do linear programming problems, but how would you do nonlinear programming? Carefully graph this system of inequalities and label all the vertices. Then find the point within the feasible region that maximizes the value of P in the equation P = (x + 2)2 + (y - 2)2. Explain
In Lesson 6.4, Exercise 15, you learned how to find the inverse of a square matrix using an augmented matrix. Use this method to find the inverse of the general 2 ( 2 matrix,Compare your results to your work on Take Another Look 1, where you found the inverse using the determinant. Did you get the
Identify the degree of each polynomial. a. x3 + 9x2 + 26x + 24 b. 7x2 - 5x c. x7 + 3x6 - 5x5 + 24x4 + 17x3 - 6x2 + 2x + 40 d. 16 - 5x2 + 9x5 + 36x3 + 44x
Sketch a graph of each function without using your calculator. a. y = (x - 2)2 b. y = x2 - 4 c. y = (x + 4)2 + 1
Solve. a. 12x - 17 = 13 b. 2(x - 1)2 + 3 = 11 c. 3(5x) = 48
You may recall that a rectangle diagram can represent the product of two binomials. For example, the rectangle at right represents the product (x + 2) (x - 3), which you can write as the trinomial x2 + 5x + 6.a. Draw a rectangle diagram that represents the product (2x + 3) (3x + 1). b. Express the
Write a system of inequalities that describes the feasible region graphed at right.
Find the product (x + 3) (x + 4) (x + 2).
Determine which of these expressions are polynomials. For each polynomial, state its degree and write it in general form. If it is not a polynomial, explain why not. a. -3 +4x -3.5x2 + 5/9 x3 b. 5p4 + 3.5 p -4/p2 + 16 c. 4(x3 + 12 d. x2 (15 -x -4-2
For each data set, decide whether the last column shows constant values. If it does not, calculate the next set of finite differences.a.b. c.
Find the degree of the polynomial function that models these data.
Consider the data at right.a. Calculate finite differences to find the degree of the polynomial function that models these data.b. Describe how the degree of this polynomial function is related to the finite differences you calculated. c. What is the minimum number of data points required to
You can use blocks to build pyramids such as these. All of the pyramids are solid with no empty space inside.a. Create a table to record the number of layers, x, in each pyramid and the total number of blocks, y, needed to build it. You may need to build or sketch a few more pyramids, or look for
The data in these tables represent the heights of two objects at different times during free fall.i.ii. a. Calculate the finite differences for each table. b. What is the degree of the polynomial function that you would use to model each data set? c. Write a polynomial function to model each set of
Andy has measured his height every three months since he was 9 years old. Below are his measurements in meters.a. Find the first differences for Andy's heights and make a scatter plot of points in the form (age, D1). Remember to shorten the list of ages to match D1. Describe the pattern you see. b.
APPLICATION In an atom, electrons spin rapidly around a nucleus. An electron can occupy only specific energy levels, and each energy level can hold only a certain number of electrons. This table gives the greatest number of electrons that can be in any one level.Is it possible to find a polynomial
For the exercises in this lesson, you may find it helpful to use a window on your calculator that has friendly x-values. A background grid may also be helpful. 1. Identify each quadratic function as being in general form, vertex form, factored form, or none of these forms. a. y = -3.2(x + 4.5)2 b.
APPLICATION: A local outlet store charges $2.00 for a pack of four AA batteries. On an average day, 200 packs are sold. A survey indicates that sales will decrease by 5 packs per day for each $0.10 increase in price.a. Complete the table above based on the results of the survey. b. Calculate the
APPLICATION Delores has 80 m of fence to surround an area where she is going to plant a vegetable garden. She wants to enclose the largest possible rectangular area.a. Copy and complete this table. b. Let x represent the width in meters, and let y represent the area in square meters. Write a
APPLICATION Photosynthesis is the process in which plants use energy from the sun, together with CO2 (carbon dioxide) and water, to make their own food and produce oxygen. Various factors affect the rate of photosynthesis, such as light intensity, light wavelength, CO2 concentration, and
Use a rectangle diagram to find each product. a. 3x(4x - 5) b. (x + 3)(x - 5) c. (x + 7)(x - 7) d. (3x - 1)2
Recall that the distributive property allows you to distribute a factor through parentheses. The factor that is distributed doesn't have to be a monomial. Here's an example with a binomial.Use the distributive property to find each product in Exercise 13.
You can also use a rectangle diagram to help you factor some trinomials, such as x2 - 7x + 12.Use rectangle diagrams to help you factor these trinomials. a. x2 + 3x - 10 b. x2 + 8x + 16 c. x2 - 25
Use the function ( (x) = 3x3 - 5x2 + x - 6 to find these values. a. ((2) b. ((-1) c. ((0) d. ((1/2) e. ((-4/3)
Each quadratic function below is written in vertex form. What are the coordinates of each vertex? Graph each equation to check your answers. a. y = (x - 2)2 + 3 b. y = 0.5(x + 4)2 - 2 c. y = 4 - 2(x - 5)2
Each quadratic function below is written in factored form. What are the zeros of each function? Graph each equation to check your answers. a. y = (x + 1)(x - 2) b. y = 0.5(x - 2)(x + 3) c. y = -2(x - 2) (x - 5)
Convert each function to general form. Graph both forms to check that the equations are equivalent. a. y = (x - 2)2 + 3 b. y = 0.5(x + 4)2 - 2 c. y = 4 - 2 ( x - 5)2
Convert each function to general form. Graph both forms to check that the equations are equivalent.a. y = (x + 1)(x - 2)b. y = 0.5(x - 2)(x + 3)c. y = -2(x - 2)(x - 5)
As you learned in Chapter 4, the graphs of all quadratic functions have a line of symmetry that contains the vertex and divides the parabola into mirror-image halves. Consider this table of values generated by a quadratic function.a. What is the line of symmetry for the graph of this quadratic
Write each function in general form. a. y = 4 - 0.5(x + h)2 b. y = ((x - 4)2 c. y = ((x - h)2 + k d. y = -0.5(x + r)(x + 4) e. y = ((x - 4)(x + 2) f. y = ((x - r)(x - s)
At right is the graph of the quadratic function that passes through (-2.4, 0), (0.8, 0), and (1.2, -2.592).a. Use the x-intercepts to write the quadratic function in factored form. For now, leave the vertical scale factor as a.b. Substitute the coordinates of (1.2, -2.592) into your function from
Write the factored form for each polynomial function. (Substitute the coordinates of the y-intercept to solve for the scale factor, (.)a.b. c.
Factor each quadratic expression. a. x2 - 10x + 25 b. x2 + 5x + 25 / 4 c. 4x2 - 12x + 9 d. x2 - 2xy + y2
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