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Elementary Statistics 12th Edition Mario F. Triola - Solutions

The digits drawn in one month for the California Daily 4 lottery were recorded. The digits 0 through 9 had these frequencies: 20, 10, 12, 12, 8 11, 9, 10, 9, 19. Do the digits appear to be selected with a process that is functioning correctly? Why are these digits categorical data? Use the given
Refer to Data Set 22 in Appendix B for the axial loads of aluminum cans that are 0.0111 in. thick. The load of 504 lb is an outlier because it is very far away from all of the other values. Construct a frequency distribution that includes the value of 504 lb, and then construct another frequency
According to what is known as Sturges€™ guideline, the ideal number of classes for a frequency distribution can be approximated by 1 + (log n)/(log 2)where n is the number of data values. Use this guideline to complete the table in the margin.
The histogram in Figure is constructed from a simple random sample of children. If you construct a histogram with data collected from a voluntary response sample, will the distribution depicted in the histogram reflect the true distribution of the population? Why or why not?
NASA provides these duration times (in minutes) of all flights of the space shuttle Challenger: 7224, 8784, 8709, 11,476, 10,060, 11,844, 10,089, 11,445, 10,125, 1.Why does it not make sense to construct a histogram for this data set? What is notable about this data set?
When it refers to a normal distribution, does the term “normal” have the same meaning as in ordinary language? What criterion can be used to determine whether the data depicted in a histogram have a distribution that is approximately a normal distribution? Is this criterion totally objective,
What is the height of the tallest person included in the histogram? Where on the histogram is that height depicted? Is that height an outlier? Could that height be an exceptional value that is correct, or is it an error? Explain.
What is a reasonable explanation for the gap between the group of people with heights between 43 in. and 55 in., and the group of people with heights between 57 in. and 77 in.? Constructing Histograms. In Exercises 9–18, construct the histograms. And answer the given questions.
Use the frequency distribution from Exercise 19 in Section 2-2 to construct a histogram. What can you conclude from the distribution of the digits? Specifically, do the heights appear to be reported or actually measured? Construct the histograms.
Use the frequency distribution from Exercise 20 in Section 2-2 to construct a histogram. What can you conclude from the distribution of the digits? Specifically, do the weights appear to be reported or actually measured? Construct the histogram and answer the given question.
Use the frequency distribution from Exercise 21 in Section 2-2 to construct a histogram. Does the histogram appear to depict data that have a normal distribution? Why or why not? Construct the histograms.
Use the frequency distribution from Exercise 22 in Section 2-2 to construct a histogram. Does the histogram appear to depict data that have a normal distribution? Why or why not? Construct the histograms.
Use the frequency distribution from Exercise 23 in Section 2-2 to construct a histogram. Using a loose interpretation of the requirements for a normal distribution, do the magnitudes appear to be normally distributed? Why or why not? Construct the histograms.
Use the frequency distribution from Exercise 24 in Section 2-2 to construct a histogram. Using a strict interpretation of the requirements for a normal distribution, do the depths appear to be normally distributed? Why or why not? Construct the histograms.
Use the frequency distribution from Exercise 25 in Section 2-2 to construct a histogram. Using a very loose interpretation of the requirements for a normal distribution, do the red blood cell counts appear to be normally distributed? Why or why not? Construct the histogram.
Use the frequency distribution from Exercise 26 in Section 2-2 to construct a histogram. Using a very loose interpretation of the requirements for a normal distribution, do the red blood cell counts appear to be normally distributed? Why or why not? Construct the histograms and answer the given
Use the frequency distribution from Exercise 27 in Section 2-2 to construct a histogram. Which part of the histogram depicts flights that arrived early, and which part depicts flights that arrived late?
Use the relative frequency distribution from Exercise 28 in Section 2-2 to construct a histogram. If the quality of air traffic procedures were improved so that the taxi-out times vary much less, would the histogram be affected?
When using histograms to compare two data sets, it is sometimes difficult to make comparisons by looking back and forth between the two histograms. A back-to-back relative frequency histogram has a format that makes the comparison much easier. Instead of frequencies, we should use relative
Refer to the histogram and answer the following questions:a. What are the possible values (rounded to the nearest inch) of the largest height included in the histogram? What are those values expressed in feet and inches?b. Why is it wrong to say that the people with heights between 43 in. and 55
What is a scatter plot? What type of data is required for a scatter plot? What characteristic of the data can be better understood by looking at a scatter plot?
Given that the data in Exercise 3 were obtained from students who made a decision to submit their SAT scores to a Web site, what type of sample is given in that exercise? If we had a much larger sample of that type, would a graph help us understand some characteristics of the population?
Refer to Data Set 12 in Appendix B, and use the heights of U.S. Presidents and the heights of their main opponents in the election campaign. Does there appear to be a correlation? Construct a scatter plot.
Refer to Data Set 6 in Appendix B, and use the brain volumes (cm3) and IQ scores. A simple hypothesis is that people with larger brains are more intelligent and thus have higher IQ scores. Does the scatterplot support that hypothesis?
Refer to Data Set 7 in Appendix B, and use the measured chest sizes and weights of bears. Does there appear to be a correlation between those two variables?
Refer to Data Set 19 in Appendix B, and use the volumes and weights of regular Coke. Does there appear to be a correlation between volume and weight? What else is notable about the arrangement of the points, and how can it be explained?Time-Series Graphs. In Exercises 9 and 10, construct the
Listed below are the gross amounts (in millions of dollars) earned from box office receipts for the movie Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince. The movie opened on a Wednesday, and the amounts are listed in order for the first 14 days of the movie€™s release. Suggest an explanation for the
Listed below are the numbers of home runs in major league baseball for each year beginning with 1990 (listed in order by row). Is there a trend?Dotplots. In Exercises 11 and 12, construct the dotplot.
Refer to Data Set 19 in Appendix B, and use the volumes of regular Coke. Does the configuration of the points appear to suggest that the volumes are from a population with a normal distribution? Why or why not? Are there any outliers?
Refer to Data Set 14 in Appendix B, and use the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the sample of cars. Does the configuration of the points appear to suggest that the amounts are from a population with a normal distribution? Why or why not?Stemplots. In Exercises 13 and 14, construct the stemplot.
Refer to Data Set 13 in Appendix B and use the 21 pelvis (PLVS) deceleration measurements from the car crash tests. Is there strong evidence suggesting that the data are not from a population having a normal distribution?
Refer to Data Set 14 in Appendix B and use the 21 braking distances (ft). Are there any outliers? Is there strong evidence suggesting that the data are not from a population having a normal distribution? Pareto Charts. In Exercises 15 and 16, construct the Pareto chart.
In a survey, 1004 adults were asked to identify the most frustrating sound that they hear in a day. In response 279 chose jackhammers, 388 chose car alarms, 128 chose barking dogs, and 209 chose crying babies (based on data from Kelton Research).
Here are weekly instruction times for school children in different countries: 23.8 hours (Japan), 26.9 hours (China), 22.2 hours (U.S.), 24.6 hours (U.K.), 24.8 hours (France). What do these results suggest about education in the United States? Pie Charts. In Exercises 17 and 18, construct the
Use the data from Exercise 15.
Use the frequency distribution from Exercise 23 in Section 2-2 to construct a frequency polygon. Applying a loose interpretation of the requirements for a normal distribution, do the magnitudes appear to be normally distributed? Why or why not?
Use the frequency distribution from Exercise 24 in Section 2-2 to construct a frequency polygon. Applying a strict interpretation of the requirements for a normal distribution, do the depths appear to be normally distributed? Why or why not?Deceptive Graphs. In Exercises 21–24, identify the
The accompanying graph depicts the numbers of votes (in millions) in the 2008 U.S. presidential election.
In 1986, the New York City subway fare cost $1, and as of this writing, it now costs $2, so the price doubled. In the accompanying graph, the $2 bill is twice as long and twice as tall as the $1 bill.
China currently consumes 7.6 million barrels of oil per day, compared to the United States oil consumption of 20.7 million barrels of oil per day. In the accompanying illustration, the larger barrel is about three times as wide and three times as tall as the smaller barrel.
Data Set 14 in Appendix B lists braking distances (ft) of different cars, and the braking distances of three of those cars are shown in the accompanying illustration.
Exercise 19 in Section 2-3 used back-to-back relative frequency histograms for the ages of actresses and actors that are listed in Data Set 11 of Appendix B. Use the same method to construct back-to-back stemplots of the ages of actresses and actors, and then use the results to compare the two
a. A stemplot can be expanded by subdividing rows into those with leaves having digits of 0 through 4 and those with leaves having digits 5 through 9. Using the body temperatures from 12 am on Day 2 listed in Data Set 3 of Appendix B, the first three rows of an expanded stemplot have stems of 96
Construct a frequency distribution of the 20 brain volumes (cm3) listed below. (These volumes are from Data Set 6 of Appendix B.) Use the classes 900€“999, 1000€“1099, and so on.
Construct the histogram that corresponds to the frequency distribution from Exercise 1. Applying a very strict interpretation of the requirements for a normal distribution, does the histogram suggest that the data are from a population having a normal distribution? Why or why not?
In the California Daily 4 lottery, four digits are randomly selected each day. Listed below are the digits that were selected in one recent week. Construct a dotplot. Does the dotplot suggest that the lottery is fair?
Listed below are the first eight IQ scores from Data Set 6 in Appendix B. Construct a stemplot of these eight values. Is this data set large enough to reveal the true nature of the distribution of IQ scores for the population from which the sample is obtained?
Listed below are the amounts (million metric tons) of carbon monoxide emissions in the United States for each year of a recent ten-year period. The data are listed in order. Construct the graph that is most appropriate for these data. What type of graph is best? What does the graph suggest?
Exercise 5 lists the amounts of carbon monoxide emissions, and listed below are the amounts (million metric tons) of nitrous oxide emissions in the United States for the same ten-year period as in Exercise 5. What graph is best for exploring the relationship between carbon monoxide emissions and
According to USA Today, the largest categories of sports equipment sales are as follows: fishing ($2.0 billion); firearms and hunting ($3.1 billion); camping ($1.7 billion); golf ($2.5 billion). Construct the graph that best depicts these different categories and their relative amounts. What
The results in the table were obtained by posting the question on a Web site, and readers of USA Today could respond to the question if they chose to. What is this type of sampling called? Is this type of sample likely to be representative of the population of all workers? Why or why not?
Among the 641 people who responded to the USA Today survey, what is the percentage of respondents who chose the category of boss? When considered in the context of the population of all workers, is that percentage a statistic or a parameter? Explain.
Listed below are times (minutes) spent on hygiene and grooming in the morning (by randomly selected subjects) (based on data from a Svenska Cellulosa Aktiebolaget survey). Construct a table representing the frequency distribution. Use the classes 0€“9, 10€“19, and so on.
Use the frequency distribution from Exercise 6 to construct a histogram. Based on the result, do the data appear to be from a population with a normal distribution? Explain.
Use the data from Exercise 6 to construct a stemplot.
The web site IncomeTaxList.com lists the “average” annual income for California as $44,400. What is the role of the term average in statistics? Should another term be used in place of average?
Incomes Listed below are the earnings (in millions of dollars) of the celebrities with the 10 highest incomes in a recent year. The celebrities in order are Steven Spielberg, Howard Stern, George Lucas, Oprah Winfrey, Jerry Seinfeld, Tiger Woods, Dan Brown, Jerry Bruckheimer, J. K. Rowling, and Tom
Colleges Listed below are the annual tuition amounts of the 10 most expensive colleges in the United States for a recent year. The colleges listed in order are Sarah Lawrence, NYU, George Washington, Bates, Skidmore, Johns Hopkins, Georgetown, Connecticut College, Harvey Mudd, and Vassar. What does
Listed below are head injury measurements from small cars that were tested in crashes. The measurements are in “hic,” which is a measurement of a standard “head injury criterion.” The data are from Data Set 13 in Appendix B, which is based on data from the National Highway Traffic Safety
The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration conducted crash tests of child booster seats for cars. Listed below are results from those tests, with the measurements given in “hic,” which is a measurement of a standard “head injury criterion.” According to the safety requirement, the
Listed below are the gross amounts (in millions of dollars) earned in box office receipts for the movie Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince. The movie opened on a Wednesday, and the amounts are listed in order for the first 14 days of the movie’s release. What important feature of the data is
Listed below are the numbers of manatee deaths caused each year by collisions with watercraft. Manatees, also called “sea cows,” are large mammals that live underwater, often in or near waterways. The data are listed in order for each year of the past decade. The data are from the Florida Fish
Listed below are the prices listed for Norton Ghost 14.0 software from these vendors: Newegg, Dell, Buycheapsoftware.com, PC Connection, Wal-Mart, and Overstock.com. For this collection of data values, are any of the measures of center the most important statistic? Is there a different statistic
Listed below are recent annual compensation amounts for these chicf executive officers: Mulally (Ford), Jobs (Apple), Kent (Coca-Cola), Otellini (Intel), and McNerney (Boeing). The data are from the Associated Press. What is particularly notable about these compensation amounts? find the (a) mean,
Listed below are the lead concentrations (in /xg/g) measured in different Ayurveda medicines. Ayurveda is a traditional medical system commonly used in India. The lead concentrations listed here are from medicines manufactured in the United States. The data are based on the article “Lead,
Listed below are the amounts of mercury (in parts per million, or ppm) found in tuna sushi sampled at different stores in New York City. The study was sponsored by the New York Times and the stores (in order) are D’Agostino, Eli’s Manhattan, Fairway, Food Emporium, Gourmet Garage, Grace’s
Listed below are the lengths of time (in years) it took for a random sample of college students to earn bachelor’s degrees (based on data from the National Center for Education Statistics). Based on these results, does it appear that it is common to earn a bachelor’s degree in 4 years? 4 4 4
Listed below are the measured radiation emissions (in W/kg) corresponding to these cell phones: Samsung SGH-tss9, Blackberry Storm, Blackberry Curve, Motorola Moto, T-Mobile Sidekick, Sanyo Katana Eclipse, Palm Pre, Sony Ericsson, Nokia 6085, Apple iPhone 3G S, and Kyocero Neo El 100. The data are
Listed below are the arrival delay times (in minutes) of ran¬domly selected American Airline flights from New York’s JFK airport to Los Angeles (LAX). Negative values correspond to flights that arrived early before the scheduled arrival time, and positive values represent lengths of delays.
According to the “freshman 15” legend, college freshmen gain 15 pounds (or 6.8 kilograms) during their freshman year. Listed below are the amounts of weight change (in kilograms) for a simple random sample of freshmen included in a study (“Changes in Body Weight and Fat Mass of Men and Women
Listed below are the numbers on the jerseys of the starting lineup for the New Orleans Saints when they recently won their first Super Bowl football game. What do the measures of center tell us about the team? Does it make sense to compute the measures of center for these data? 9 23 25 88 12
Biologists conducted experiments to determine whether a deficiency of carbon dioxide in the soil affects the phenotypes of peas. Listed below are the phenotype codes, where 1 = smooth-yellow, 2 = smooth-green, 3 = wrinkled-yellow, and 4 = wrinkled-green. Can the measures of center be obtained for
Listed below are speeds (in mi/h) of cars on the New Jersey Turpike. All cars are going in the same direction, and all of the cars are from New Jersey. The speeds were measured with a radar gun and the researchers observed the races of the drivers.The data are from Statlib and the authors are
Theft Listed below are amounts (in millions of dollars) collected from parking meters by Brinks and others in New York City during similar time periods. A larger data set was used to convict five Brinks employees of grand larceny. The data were provided by the attorney for New York City, and they
Listed below are contributions (in dollars) made to the two presidential candidates in a recent election. All contributions are from the same Zip code as the author, and the data are from the Huffington Post. Do the contributions appear to favor either candidate? What do you conclude after learning
Times Waiting times (in minutes) of customers at the Jefferson Valley Bank (where all customers enter a single waiting line) and the Bank of Providence (where customers wait in individual lines at three different teller windows) are listed below. Determine whether there is a difference between the
Refer to Data Set 6 in Appendix B and use the listed IQ scores. IQ tests are designed so that the mean IQ of the population is 100. Does the sample mean suggest that the sample is consistent with the population?
Find the mean of the data summarized in the given frequency distribution. Also, compare the computed means to the actual means obtained by using the original list of data values, which are as follows: (Exercise 29) 35.9 years.
Find the mean of the data summarized in the given frequency distribution. Also, compare the computed means to the actual means obtained by using theoriginal list of data values, which are as follows: (Exercise 29) 35.9years; 44.1 years; (Exercise31) 84.4; (Exercise32) 15.0years. (Exercise 30)
Find the mean of the data summarized in the given frequency distribution. Also, compare the computed means to the actual means obtained by using theoriginal list of data values, which are as follows: (Exercise 29) 35.9years; 44.1 years; (Exercise31) 84.4; (Exercise32) 15.0years. (Exercise 30)
Find the mean of the data summarized in the given frequency distribution. Also, compare the computed means to the actual means obtained by using the original list of data values, which are as follows: (Exercise32) 15.0years.
When data are summarized in a frequency distribution, the median can be found by first identifying the median class, which is the class that contains the median. We then assume that the values in that class are evenly distributed and we interpolate. Letting n denote the sum of all class
Which of the following statements are true?a. If each of 25 sample values is equal to 20 min, the standard deviation of the sample is 0 min.b. For any set of sample values, the standard deviation can never be a negative value.c. If the standard deviation of a sample is 3 kg, then the variance is 9
Identify the symbols used for each of the following: (a) Sample standard deviation; (b) Population standard deviation; (c) Sample variance; (d) Population variance.
Listed below are the annual tuition amounts of the 10 most expensive colleges in the United States for a recent year. The colleges listed in order are Sarah Lawrence, NYU, George Washington, Bates, Skidmore, Johns Hopkins, Georgetown, Connecticut College, Harvey Mudd, and Vassar. Can this €œTop
Listed below are head injury measurements from small cars that were tested in crashes. The measurements are in “hic,” which is a measurement of a standard “head injury criterion.” The data are from Data Set 13 in Appendix B, which is based on data from the National Highway Traffic Safety
Tests of Child Booster Seats The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration con¬ducted crash tests of child booster seats for cars. Listed below are results from those tests, with the measurements given in “hic,” which is a measurement of a standard “head injury criterion.” According
Listed below are the gross amounts (in millions of dollars) earned in box office receipts for the movie Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince. The movie opened on a Wednesday, and the amounts are listed in order for the first 14 days of the movie’s release. If you invested in this movie, what
Listed below are the numbers of manatee deaths caused each year by collisions with watercraft. Manatees, also called “sea cows,” are large mammals that live underwater, often in or near waterways. The data are listed in order for each year of the past decade. The data are from the Florida Fish
Listed below are the prices listed for Norton Ghost 14.0 software from these vendors: Newegg, Dell, Buycheapsoftware.com, PC Connection, Walmart, and Overstock.com. When trying to find the best deal, how helpful are the measures of variation? $55.99 $69.99 $48.95 $48.92 $71.77 $59.68
Listed below are the recent annual compensation amounts for these chicf executive officers: Mulally (Ford), Jobs (Apple), Kent (Coca-Cola), Otellini (Intel), and McNerney (Boeing). The data are from the Associated Press. What is particularly notable about these compensation
Listed below are the lead concentrations (in /xg/g) measured in differ¬ent Ayurveda medicines. Ayurveda is a traditional medical system commonly used in India. The lead concentrations listed here are from medicines manufactured in the United States. The data are based on the article “Lead,
Listed below are the amounts of mercury (in parts per million, or ppm) found in tuna sushi sampled at different stores in New York City. The study was sponsored by the New York Times, and the stores (in order) are D’Agostino, Eli’s Manhattan, Fairway, Food Emporium, Gourmet Garage, Grace’s
Listed below are the lengths of time (in years) it took for a random sample of college students to earn bachelor’s degrees (based on data from the National Center for Education Statistics). Based on these results, is it unusual for someone to earn a bachelor’s degree in 12 years? 4 4 4 4 4 4
Listed below are the measured radiation emissions (in W/kg) corresponding to these cell phones: Samsung SGH-tss9, Blackberry Storm, Blackberry Curve, Motorola Moto, T-Mobile Sidekick, Sanyo Katana Eclipse, Palm Pre, Sony Ericsson, Nokia 6085, Apple iPhone 3G S, and Kyocero Neo El 100. The data are
Listed below are the arrival delay times (in minutes) of randomly selected American Airline flights from New York’s JFK airport to Los Angeles (LAX). Negative values correspond to flights that arrived early before the scheduled arrival time, and positive values represent lengths of delays. (The
According to the “freshman 15” legend, college freshmen gain 15 pounds (or 6.8 kilograms) during their freshman year. Listed below are the amounts of weight change (in kilograms) for a simple random sample of freshmen included in a study (“Changes in Body Weight and Fat Mass of Men and Women
Listed below are the numbers on the jerseys of the starting lineup for the New Orleans Saints when they recently won their first Super Bowl football game. What do the measures of variation tell us about the team? Does it make sense to compute the measures of variation for these data? 9 23 25 88
Biologists conducted experiments to determine whether a deficiency of carbon dioxide in the soil affects the phenotypes of peas. Listed below are the phenotype codes, where 1 = smooth-yellow, 2 = smooth-green, 3 = wrinkled-yellow, and 4 = wrinkled-green. Can the measures of center be obtained for
Listed below are speeds (in mi/h) of cars on the New Jersey Turn¬pike by race of the driver. All cars are going in the same direction, and all of the cars are from New Jersey. The data are from Statlib and the authors are Joseph Kadane and John Lamberth.

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