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Elementary Statistics 12th Edition Mario F. Triola - Solutions

Claim: the standard deviation of pulse rates of adult women is at least 50. For the random sample of adult females in Data Set 1 from Appendix B, the pulse rates have a standard deviation of 11.6. a. Express the original claim in symbolic form. b. Identify the null and alternative hypotheses.
Claim: three-fourths of all adults believe that it is important to be involved in their communities. Based on a USA Today/Gallup poll of 1021 randomly selected adults, 89% believe that it is important to be involved in their communities. Find the value of the test statistic.
Among those who file tax returns, less than one-half file them through an accountant or other tax professional. A Fellowes survey of 1002 people who file tax returns showed that 48% of them file through an accountant or other tax professional. Find the value of the test statistic.
For adult females, the standard deviation of their white blood cell counts is equal to 5.00. The random sample of 40 adult females in Data Set 1 from Appendix B has white blood cell counts with a standard deviation of 2.28. Find the value of the test statistic.
For adult females, the mean of their white blood cell counts is equal to 8.00. The random sample of 40 adult females in Data Set 1 from Appendix B has white blood cell counts with a mean of 7.15 and a standard deviation of 2.28. (The population standard deviation s is not known.) Find the value of
The test statistic of z = -1.75 is obtained when testing the claim that p = 1/3. Assume that the significance level is a = 0.05; use the given statement and find the P-value and critical values.20.
The test statistic of z = 1.50 is obtained when testing the claim that p ≠ 0.25. Assume that the significance level is a = 0.05; use the given statement and find the P-value and critical values.20.
With H1: p ≠ 0.25, the test statistic is z = -1.23. Assume that the significance level is a = 0.05; use the given statement and find the P-value and critical values.
The percentage of blue M&Ms is greater than 5%. The hypothesis test results in a P-value of 0.0010. Assume a significance level of α = 0.05 a. State a conclusion about the null hypothesis. b. Without using technical terms, state a final conclusion that addresses the original claim.
Fewer than 20% of M&M candies are green. The hypothesis test results in a P-value of 0.0721. Assume a significance level of α = 0.05 a. State a conclusion about the null hypothesis. b. Without using technical terms, state a final conclusion that addresses the original claim.
Women have heights with a mean equal to 160.00 cm. the hypothesis test results in a P-value of 0.0614. Assume a significance level of α = 0.05 a. State a conclusion about the null hypothesis. b. Without using technical terms, state a final conclusion that addresses the original claim.
Original claim: Women have heights with a standard deviation equal to 5.00 cm. the hypothesis test results in a P-value of 0.0055. Assume a significance level of α = 0.05 and use the given information for the following: a. State a conclusion about the null hypothesis. b. Without using technical
A 0.01 significance level is used for a hypothesis test of the claim that when parents use the XSORT method of gender selection, the proportion of baby girls is greater than 0.5. Assume that sample data consist of 55 girls born in 100 births, so the sample statistic of 0.55 results in a z score
A 0.05 significance level is used for a hypothesis test of the claim that when parents use the XSORT method of gender selection, the proportion of baby girls is different from 0.5. Assume that sample data consist of 55 girls born in 100 births, so the sample statistic of 0.55 results in a z score
The proportion of people who write with their left hand is equal to 0.1. Identify expressions that identify the type I error and the type II error that correspond to the given claim.
The proportion of gamblers who consistently win in casinos is equal to 0.001. Identify expressions that identify the type I error and the type II error that correspond to the given claim.
The proportion of female statistics students is greater than 0.5. Identify expressions that identify the type I error and the type II error that correspond to the given claim.
The proportion of husbands taller than their wives is less than 0.9. Identify expressions that identify the type I error and the type II error that correspond to the given claim.
Chantix tablets are used as an aid to help people stop smoking. In a clinical trial, 129 subjects were treated with Chantix twice a day for 12 weeks, and 16 subjects experienced abdominal pain (based on data from Pfizer, Inc.). If someone claims that more than 8% of Chantix users experience
Consider a hypothesis test of the claim that the MicroSort method of gender selection is effective in increasing the likelihood of having a baby girl, so that the claim is p > 0.5. Assume that a significance level of a = 0.05 is used, and the sample is a simple random sample of size n = 64.a.
Researchers plan to conduct a test of a gender selection method. They plan to use the alternative hypothesis of H1: p > 0.5 and a significance level of α = 0.05. Find the sample size required to achieve at least 80% power in detecting an increase in p from 0.5 to 0.55.
In a Wakefield Research survey, respondents were asked if they ever hesitated to give a handshake because of a fear of germs. Of the respondents, 411 answered “yes” and 592 said “no.” What is the sample proportion of yes responses, and what notation is used to represent it?
Using the sample data from Exercise we can test the claim that p < 0.5, where p denotes the proportion of “yes” responses for the population. Some technologies provide results that include a P-value of 5.50E—9. Write that number using ordinary notation. What does the P-value suggest about the
a. Refer to Exercise 2 and distinguish between the value of p and the P-value. b. It was stated that we can easily remember how to interpret P-values with this: “If the P is low, the null must go.” What does this mean? c. Another memory trick commonly used is this: “If the P is high, the null
The Drug Symbicort is used to treat asthma. In a clinical trial of Symbicort, 18 of 277 treated subjects experienced headaches (based on data from AstraZeneca). The accompanying dI-83/84 Plus calculator display shows results from a test of the claim that less than 10% of treated subjects
In a Galluppoll of 1003 randomly selected subjects, 373 said that they have a gun in their home. dhe accompanying Minitab display shows results from a test of the claim that 35% of homes have guns in them.Use the normal distribution as an approximation to the binomial distribution Assume
A PriceGrabber.com survey of 1631 randomly selected adults showed that 555 of them have heard of the Sony Reader. The following STATDISK display results from a test of the claim that 35% of adults have heard of the Sony Reader.Use the normal distribution as an approximation to the binomial
A TNS poll of 1000 randomly selected adults showed that 460 of them say that public speaking is an activity that they dread most. Shown next is the StatCrunch display resulting from a test of the claim that fewer than half of adults say that public speaking is the activity that they dread most.Use
When Mendel conducted his famous genetics experiments with peas, one sample of offspring consisted of 428 green peas and 152 yellow peas. Use a 0.01 significance level to test Mendel’s claim that under the same circumstances, 25% of offspring peas will be yellow. Test the given claim. Identify
Data Set 20 in Appendix B lists data from 100 M&Ms, and 8% of them are brown. Use a 0.05 significance level to test the claim of the Mars candy company that the percentage of brown M&Ms is equal to 13%. Test the given claim. Identify the null hypothesis, alternative hypothesis, test statistic,
In a KRC Research poll, 1002 adults were asked if they felt vulnerable to identify theft, and 531 of them said “yes.” Use a 0.05 significance level to test the claim that the majority of adults feel vulnerable to identity theft. Test the given claim. Identify the null hypothesis, alternative
In a 3M Privacy Filters poll, 806 adults were asked to identify their favorite seat when they fly, and 492 of them chose a window seat. Use a 0.01 significance level to test the claim that the majority of adults prefer window seats when they fly. Test the given claim. Identify the null hypothesis,
The Genetics and IVF Institute conducted a clinical trial of the XSORT method designed to increase the probability of conceiving a girl. As of this writing, 945 babies were born to parents using the XSORT method, and 879 of them were girls. Use a 0.01 significance level to test the claim that the
The Genetics and IVF Institute conducted a clinical trial of the YSORT method designed to increase the probability of conceiving a boy. As of this writing, 291 babies were born to parents using the YSORT method, and 239 of them were boys. Use a 0.01 significance level to test the claim that the
When she was 9 years of age, Emily Rosa did a science fair experiment in which she tested professional touch therapists to see if they could sense her energy field. She flipped a coin to select either her right hand or her left hand then she asked the therapists to identify the selected hand by
Repeat the preceding exercise using a 0.01 significance level. Does the conclusion change? Test the given claim. Identify the null hypothesis, alternative hypothesis, test statistic, P-value or critical value(s), conclusion about the null hypothesis, and final conclusion that addresses the original
The Hawk-Eye electronic system is used in tennis for displaying an instant replay that shows whether a ball is in bounds or out of bounds so players can challenge calls made by referees. In the most recent U.S. Open (as of this writing), singles players made 611 challenges and 172 of them were
In a presidential election, 308 out of 611 voters surveyed said that they voted for the candidate who won (based on data from ICR Survey Research Group). Use a 0.10 significance level to test the claim that among all voters, the percentage who believe that they voted for the winning candidate is
In a study of 420,095 Danish cell phone users, 135 subjects developed cancer of the brain or nervous system. Test the claim of a somewhat common belief that such cancers are affected by cell phone use. That is, test the claim that cell phone users develop cancer of the brain or nervous system at a
The Pew Research Center conducted a survey of 1007 adults and found that 856 of them know what Twitter is. Use a 0.01 significance level to test the claim that more than 75% of adults know what Twitter is.Test the given claim. Identify the null hypothesis, alternative hypothesis, test statistic,
In “The Overtime Rule in the National Football League: Fair or Unfair?” by Gorgievski et al., mathama TYC Educator, Vol. 2, No. 1, the authors report that among 414 football games won in overtime, 235 were won by the team that won the coin toss at the beginning of overtime. Using a 0.05
In one study of smokers who tried to quit smoking with nicotine patch therapy, 39 were smoking one year after the treatment and 32 were not smoking one year after the treatment (based on data from “High-Dose Nicotine Patch Therapy,” by Dale et al., Journal of the a Teri can medical association,
A RingCentral survey of 380 smartphone users showed that 152 of them said that their smartphone is the only thing they could not live without. Use a 0.01 significance level to test the claim that fewer than half of smartphone users identify the smartphone as the only thing they could not live
An interesting and popular hypothesis is that individuals can temporarily postpone death to survive a major holiday or important event such as a birthday. In a study of this phenomenon, it was found that there were 6062 deaths in the week before Thanksgiving, and 5938 deaths the week after
A ConsuTer Reports Research Center survey of 427 women showed that 29.0% of them purchase books online. Test the claim that more than 25% of women purchase books online.Test the given claim. Identify the null hypothesis, alternative hypothesis, test statistic, P-value or critical value(s),
In a Harris poll of 514 human resource professionals, 45.9% said that body piercings and tattoos were big grooming red flags. Use a 0.01 significance level to test the claim that less than half of all human resource professionals say that body piercings are big grooming red flags.Test the given
In a Harris poll of 514 human resource professionals, 90% said that the appearance of a job applicant is most important for a good first impression. Use a 0.01 significance level to test the claim that more than 3/4 of all human resource professionals say that the appearance of a job applicant is
Voting records show that 61% of eligible voters actually did vote in a recent presidential election. In a survey of 1002 people, 70% said that they voted in that election (based on data from ICR Research Group). Use the survey results to test the claim that the percentage of all voters who say that
In the case of Casteneda v. Partida, it was found that during a period of 11 years in Hidalgo County, Texas, 870 people were selected for grand jury duty and 39% of them were Americans of Mexican ancestry. Among the people eligible for grand jury duty, 79.1% were Americans of Mexican ancestry. Use
In a survey of 703 randomly selected workers, 61% got their jobs through networking (based on data from Taylor Nelson Sofres Research). Use the sample data with a 0.05 significance level to test the claim that most (more than 50%) workers get their jobs through networking. What does the result
A recent Super Bowl football game between the New Orleans Saints and the Indianapolis Colts set a record for the number of television viewers. According to the Nielsen Company, that game had a share of 77%, meaning that among the television sets in use at the time of the game, 77% were tuned to the
In a survey of 1500 households, it is found that 47% of them have a high-definition television (based on data from the Consumer Electronics Association). Use a 0.01 significance level to test the claim that fewer than half of all households have a high definition television. Is the result from a
Refer to Data Set 20 in Appendix B and find the sample proportion of M&Ms that are green. Use that result to test the claim of Mars, Inc., that 16% of its plain M&M candies are green.
Consider a flight to be on time if it arrives no later than 15 minutes after the scheduled arrival time. Refer to Data Set 15 in Appendix B, and use the sample data to test the claim made by CNN that 79.5% of flights are on time. Use a 0.05 significance level.
We want to use a 0.05 significance level to test the claim that a coin favors heads, and sample data consist of 7 heads in 8 tosses. We can’t use the normal approximation method because we violate the requirement that np ≥ 5 and nq ≥ 5. Use the binomial probability distribution to test the
Test hypotheses When analyzing the last digits of telephone numbers in Port Jefferson, it is found that among 1000 randomly selected digits, 119 are zeros. If the digits are randomly selected, the proportion of zeros should be 0.1.a. Use the critical value method with a 0.05 significance level to
For a hypothesis test with a specified significance level a, the probability of a type I error is α, whereas the probability β of a type II error depends on the particular value of p that is used as an alternative to the null hypothesis.a. Using an alternative hypothesis of p < 0.4, a sample
Twelve different video games showing alcohol use were observed. The duration times of alcohol use were recorded, with the times (seconds) listed below. What requirements must be satisfied to test the claim that the sample is from a population with a mean greater than 90 sec? Are the requirements
Exercise 2 refers to a t test. What is a t test? Why are the t test methods of Part 1 in this section so much more likely to be used than the z test methods in Part 2?
Assume that we will use the sample data from Exercise 1 with a 0.05 significance level in a test of the claim that the population mean is greater than 90 sec. If we want to construct a confidence interval to be used for testing that claim, what confidence level should be used for the confidence
The Chapter Problem for Chapter 3 includes the sample mean of the numbers of chocolate chips in 40 Chips Ahoy reduced fat cookies. The sample mean is f = 19.6 chocolate chips and the sample standard deviation is 3.8 chocolate chips. Use a 0.05 significance level to test the claim that Chips Ahoy
Data Set 16 in Appendix B lists earthquake depths, and the summary statistics are n = 50, f = 9.81 km, and s = 5.01 km. Use a 0.01 significance level to test the claim of a seismologist that these earthquakes are from a population with a mean depth equal to 10 km. See the accompanying Minitab
Data Set 11 in Appendix B lists ages of actresses when they won Oscars, and the summary statistics are n = 82, f = 35.9 years, and s = 11.1 years. Use a 0.01 significance level to test the claim that the mean age of actresses when they win Oscars is 33 years. Use either the P-value method or the
The weights (lb) of discarded plastic from a sample of households is listed in Data Set 23 in Appendix B, and the summary statistics are n = 62, f = 1.911 lb, and s = 1.065 lb. Use a 0.05 significance level to test the claim that the mean weight of discarded plastic from the population of
A simple random sample of the weights of 19 green M&Ms has a mean of 0.8635 g and a standard deviation of 0.0570 g (as in Data Set 20 in Appendix B). Use a 0.05 significance level to test the claim that the mean weight of all green M&Ms is equal to 0.8535 g, which is the mean weight required so
Data Set 3 in Appendix B includes a sample of 106 body temperatures with a mean of 98.20°F and a standard deviation of 0.62°F. Use a 0.05 significance level to test the claim that the mean body temperature of the population is equal to 98.6°F, as is commonly believed. Is there sufficient
When 40 people used the Weight Watchers diet for one year, their mean weight loss was 3.0 lb and the standard deviation was 4.9 lb (based on data from “Comparison of the Atkins, Ornish, Weight Watchers, and Zone Diets for Weight Loss and Heart Disease Reduction,” by Dansinger, et al., Journal
Data Set 15 in Appendix B lists 48 different departure delay times (minutes) for American Airlines flights from New York (JFK) to Los Angeles. Negative departure delay times correspond to flights that departed early. The mean of the 48 times is 10.5 min and the standard deviation is 30.8 min. Use a
In a test of the effectiveness of garlic for lowering cholesterol, 49 subjects were treated with raw garlic. Cholesterol levels were measured before and after the treatment. The changes (before minus after) in their levels of LDL cholesterol (in mg/dL) have a mean of 0.4 and a standard deviation of
A clinical trial was conducted to test the effectiveness of the drug Zopiclone for treating insomnia in older subjects. Before treatment with Zopiclone, 16 subjects had a mean wake time of 102.8 min. After treatment with Zopiclone, the 16 subjects had a mean wake time of 98.9 min and a standard
Listed below are the numbers of years it took for a random sample of college students to earn bachelor’s degrees (based on data from the National Center for Education Statistics). Use a 0.01 significance level to test the claim that for all college students, the mean time required to earn a
Listed below are the ages (years) of randomly selected race car drivers (based on data reported in USA Today). Use a 0.05 significance level to test the claim that the mean age of all race car drivers is greater than 30 years. 32 32 33 33 41 29 38 32 33 23 27 45 52 29 25 Use either the P-value
Listed below are the lead concentrations (in mg/g) measured in different Ayurveda medicines. Ayurveda is a traditional medical system commonly used in India. The lead concentrations listed here are from medicines manufactured in the United States. The data are based on the article “Lead, Mercury,
Listed below are brain volumes (cm3) of unrelated subjects used in a study. Use a 0.01 significance level to test the claim that the population of brain volumes has a mean equal to 1100.0 cm3. 963 1027 1272 1079 1070 1173 1067 1347 1100 1204 Use either the P-value method or the critical value
Listed below are the heights (inches) for the simple random sample of supermodels Lima, Bundchen, Ambrosio, Ebanks, Iman, Rubik, Kurkova, Kerr, Kroes, and Swanepoel. Use a 0.01 significance level to test the claim that supermodels have heights with a mean that is greater than the mean height of
Listed below are speeds (mi/h) measured from southbound traffic on I-280 near Cupertino, California (based on data from SigAlert). This simple random sample was obtained at 3:30 p.m. on a weekday. Use a 0.05 significance level to test the claim that the sample is from a population with a mean that
Use the earthquake magnitudes listed in Data Set 16 in Appendix B and test the claim that the population of earthquakes has a mean magnitude greater than 1.00. Use a 0.05 significance level. Identify the null hypothesis, alternative hypothesis, test statistic, P-value or critical value(s),
Use the systolic blood pressure measurements for females listed in Data Set 1 in Appendix B and test the claim that the female population has a mean systolic blood pressure level less than 120.0 mm Hg. Use a 0.05 significance level. Identify the null hypothesis, alternative hypothesis, test
Use the September weights of males in Data Set 4 from Appendix B and test the claim that male college students have a mean weight that is less than the 83 kg mean weight of males in the general population. Use a 0.01 significance level. Identify the null hypothesis, alternative hypothesis, test
Data Set 18 in Appendix B lists measured voltage amounts supplied directly to the author’s home. The Central Hudson power supply company states that it has a target power supply of 120 volts. Using those home voltage amounts, test the claim that the mean is 120 volts. Use a 0.01 significance
Repeat Exercise 9 assuming that the population standard deviation s is known to be 3.8 chocolate chips. Conduct the hypothesis test using a known value of the population standard deviation σ.
Repeat Exercise 10 assuming that the population standard deviation s is known to be 5.01 km. Conduct the hypothesis test using a known value of the population standard deviation σ.
Repeat Exercise 11 assuming that the population standard deviation s is known to be 11.1 years. Conduct the hypothesis test using a known value of the population standard deviation σ.
Repeat Exercise 12 assuming that the population standard deviation s is known to be 1.065 lb. Conduct the hypothesis test using a known value of the population standard deviation σ.
When finding critical values, we sometimes need significance levels other than those available in Table. Some computer programs approximate critical t values by calculatingwhere df = n – 1, e = 2.718, A = z(8 . df + 3)>(8 . df + 1) and z is the critical z score. Use this approximation to
For Example 1 in this section, the hypothesis test has power of 0.4274 of supporting the claim that µ < 1.00 W/kg when the actual population mean is 0.80 W/kg.a. Interpret the given value of the power.b. Identify the value of β and interpret that value.
The Jefferson Valley Bank once had a separate customer waiting line at each teller window, but it now has a single waiting line that feeds the teller windows as vacancies occur. The standard deviation of customer waiting times with the old multiple-line configuration was 1.8 min. Listed below is a
If we want to use the sample data from Exercise to test the claim that the sample is from a population with a standard deviation less than 1.8 min, we must satisfy the requirements of having a simple random sample and a normally distributed population. In Exercise it was stated that the sample is a
Assume that we want to use the sample data from Exercise 1 to test the claim that the sample is from a population with a standard deviation less than 1.8 min; we will use a 0.05 significance level to test that claim. If we want to use the confidence interval method of testing hypotheses, what level
For the sample data from Exercise 1, we have s = 0.5 and we want to use that sample to test the claim that the sample is from a population with a standard deviation less than 1.8 min (as it was in the past with multiple waiting lines). a. Identify the null and alternative hypotheses. b. Find the
Data Set 19 in Appendix B includes volumes (oz) of a simple random sample of 36 cans of regular Coke. Those volumes have a mean of 12.19 oz and a standard deviation of 0.11 oz, and they appear to be from a normally distributed population. If we want the filling process to work so that almost all
Repeat the preceding exercise using these statistics from a simple random sample of cans of regular Pepsi: n = 36, x̄ = 12.29 oz, s = 0.09 oz.Identify the null hypothesis, alternative hypothesis, test statistic, P-value or critical value(s), conclusion about the null hypothesis, and final
Data Set 21 in Appendix B includes a simple random sample of 37 weights ofpost-1983 pennies. Those 37 weights have a mean of 2.49910 g and a standard deviation of 0.01648g. U.S. Mint specifications require that pennies be manufactured so that the mean weight is 2.500g. A hypothesis test will verify
Repeat the preceding exercise using the pulse rates of women listed in Data Set 1 of Appendix B. For this sample, n = 40 and s = 11.6 beats per minute. Identify the null hypothesis, alternative hypothesis, test statistic, P-value or critical value(s), conclusion about the null hypothesis, and final
A simple random sample of 25 filtered 100-mm cigarettes is obtained, and the tar content of each cigarette is measured. The sample has a standard deviation of 3.7 mg (based on Data Set 10 in Appendix B). Use a 0.05 significance level to test the claim that the tar content of filtered 100-mm
In an analysis investigating the usefulness of pennies, the cents portions of 100 randomly selected credit card charges from the author are recorded, and they have a mean of 47.6 cents and a standard deviation of 33.5 cents. If the amounts from 0 cents to 99 cents are all equally likely, the mean
Listed below are the ages (years) of randomly selected race car drivers (based on data reported in USA Today). Most people in the general population have ages that vary between 0 and 90 years, so use of the range rule of thumb suggests that ages in the general population have a standard deviation
Listed below are speeds (mi/h) measured from southbound traffic on I-280 near Cupertino, California (based on data from SigAlert). dhis simple random sample was obtained at 3:30 p.m. on a weekday. Use a 0.05 significance level to test the claim of the highway engineer that the standard deviation of
The Skytek Avionics Company uses a new production method to manufacture aircraft altimeters. A simple random sample of new altimeters resulted in the errors listed below. Use a 0.05 level of significance to test the claim that the new production method has errors with a standard deviation greater
The Wechsler IQ test is designed so that the mean is 100 and the standard deviation is 15 for the population of normal adults. Listed below are IQ scores of randomly selected professional pilots. It is claimed that because professional pilots are a more homogeneous group than the general

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