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Elementary Statistics 12th Edition Mario F. Triola - Solutions

In a study of left-handedness as a possible inherited trait, the data in the table below were obtained. Use a 0.01 significance level to test the claim that left-handedness is independent of parental handedness. What do the results suggest about the inheritability of left-handedness?
A X2 test involving a 2 x 2 table is equivalent to the test for the difference between two proportions, as described in Section 9-2. Using the claim and table in Example 4, verify that the X2 test statistic and the z test statistic (found from the test of equality of two proportions) are related as
The chi-square distribution is continuous, whereas the test statistic used in this section is discrete. Some statisticians use Yates€™s correction for continuity in cells with an expected frequency of less than 10 or in all cells of a contingency table with two rows and two columns. With
The table below lists auto fatalities by day of the week for a recent year. Minitab results are also shown. Use a 0.01 significance level to test the claim that auto fatalities occur on the different days of the week with the same frequency. Can you provide an explanation for the results?
When certain quantities are measured, the last digits tend to be uniformly distributed, but if they are estimated or reported, the last digits tend to have disproportionately more Os or 5s. If we use the last digits (decimal portion) of the 80 weights in Data Set 1 from Appendix B, we get the
Listed below are the numbers of weather-related deaths in a recent year. Use a 0.01 significance level to test the claim that weather-related deaths occur in the different months with the same frequency. Can you provide an explanation for the result?
A study was conducted of 531 persons injured in bicycle crashes, and randomly selected sample results are summarized in the accompanying table. The TI-83/84 Plus calculator results also are shown. At the 0.05 significance level, test the claim that wearing a helmet has no effect on whether facial
Use the data in the table below with a 0.05 significance level to test the claim that when flipping or spinning a penny, the outcome is independent of whether the penny was flipped or spun. Does the conclusion change if the significance level is changed to 0.01?
Winning-team data were collected for teams in different sports, with the results given in the accompanying table. Use a 0.05 level of significance to test the claim that home/visitor wins are independent of the sport.
Review Exercise 3 involved weather-related deaths. Among the 489 deaths included in the table, 325 are males. Use a 0.05 significance level to test the claim that among those who die in weather-related deaths, the percentage of males is equal to 50%.
In an American Express survey of 1000 adults 18 and older, 62% said that cigarettes should cost more to help offset potential negative health effects. Use the sample data to construct a 95% confidence interval estimate of the percentage of all adults who share that same belief. What can we conclude
Listed below are the ages of randomly selected patients in intensive care units. Find the mean, median, and standard deviation. Based on the results, is an age of 16 years unusual? Why or why not?
Use the sample of ages from Exercise 3 to construct a 95% confidence interval estimate of the mean age of the population of ICU patients. Do the confidence interval limits contain the value of 65.0 years that was found from a sample of 9269 ICU patients?
The table below lists the numbers of registered pleasure boats (thousands) in Florida and the numbers of watercraft-related manatee deaths for each year of the past decade.a. Test for a linear correlation between the numbers of boats and the numbers of manatee deaths.b. Find the equation of the
When designing cars and aircraft, we must consider the forward grip reach of women. Women have normally distributed forward grip reaches with a mean of 686 mm and a standard deviation of 34 mm. a. If a car dashboard is positioned so that it can be reached by 95% of women, what is the shortest
In a USA Today survey of 456 subjects, 269 agreed that honesty is always the best policy. Assume that we plan to use the survey results to estimate the proportion of the population who believe that honesty is always the best policy. a. Is the sample proportion of 269/456 a statistic or a
a. What characteristic of the data: above indicates that we should use one-way analysis of variance?b. If the objective is to test the claim that the three size categories have the same mean chest deceleration, why is the method referred to as analysis of variance?Assume that we plan to use a 0.05
Refer to the sample data given in Exercise 1. If we want to test for equality of the three means, why don€™t we use three separate hypothesis tests for µ1 = µ2, µ1 = µ3 and µ2 = µ3?Assume that we plan to use a 0.05 significance level to test the claim
If we use a 0.05 significance level in analysis of variance with the sample data given in Exercise 1, what is the P-value? What should we conclude?Assume that we plan to use a 0.05 significance level to test the claim that the different size categories have the same mean chest deceleration in the
Example 1 used measured performance IQ scores for three different blood lead levels. If we use the same three categories of blood lead levels with measured verbal IQ scores, we get the accompanying Minitab display. Using a 0.05 significance level, test the claim that the three categories of blood
Example 1 used measured performance IQ scores for three different blood lead levels. If we use the same three categories of blood lead levels with the full IQ scores, we get the accompanying Excel display. Using a 0.05 significance level, test the claim that the three categories of blood lead level
Data Set 14 in Appendix B lists highway fuel consumption amounts (mi/gal) for cars categorized by size (small, midsize, large). If we use those highway fuel consumption amounts arranged into the three separate size categories, we get the TI-83/84 Plus calculator results shown below. Using a 0.05
Data Set 14 in Appendix B lists city fuel consumption amounts (mi/gal) for cars categorized by size (small, midsize, large). If we use those city fuel consumption amounts arranged into the three separate size categories, we get the STATDISK results shown here. Using a 0.05 significance level, test
Use chest deceleration data for three different size categories (small, midsize, large). The data are from a standard crash test and they are listed in Data Set 13 in Appendix B. If we use the head injury measurements (in HIC, which is a standard head injury criterion) with the same three size
Use chest deceleration data for three different size categories (small, midsize, large). The data are from a standard crash test and they are listed in Data Set 13 in Appendix B. If we use the pelvis injury measurements (g) with the same three size categories, we get the XLSTAT results shown here.
Jeff Parent is a statistics instructor who participates in triathlons. Listed below are times (in minutes and seconds) he recorded while riding a bicycle for five laps through each mile of a 3-mile loop. Use a 0.05 significance level to test the claim that it takes the same time to ride each of the
Pages were randomly selected by the author from The Bear and the Dragon by Tom Clancy, Harry Potter and the Sorcerer€™s Stone by J. K. Rowling, and War and Peace by Leo Tolstoy. The Flesch Reading Ease scores for those pages are listed below. Use a 0.05 significance level to test the
Weights (kg) of poplar trees were obtained from trees planted in a rich and moist region. The trees were given different treatments identified in the table below. The data are from a study conducted by researchers at Pennsylvania State University and were provided by Minitab, Inc. Use a 0.05
Weights (kg) of poplar trees were obtained from trees planted in a sandy and dry region. The trees were given different treatments identified in the table below. The data are from a study conducted by researchers at Pennsylvania State University and were provided by Minitab, Inc. Use a 0.05
Refer to Data Set 10 in Appendix B and use the amounts of nicotine (mg per cigarette) in the king-size cigarettes, the 100-mm menthol cigarettes, and the 100-mm non-menthol cigarettes. The king-size cigarettes are non-filtered, non-menthol, and non-light. The 100-mm menthol cigarettes are filtered
Refer to Data Set 9 in Appendix B and use the measured serum cotinine levels (in mg/mL) from the three groups of subjects (smokers, nonsmokers exposed to tobacco smoke, and nonsmokers not exposed to tobacco smoke). When nicotine is absorbed by the body, cotinine is produced. Use a 0.05 significance
Shown below are partial results from using the Bonferroni test with the sample data from Exercise 13. Assume that a 0.05 significance level is being used.a. What do the displayed results tell us?b. Use the Bonferroni test procedure to test for a significant difference between the mean amount of the
If we have a goal of using the data described in Exercise 1 to (1) determine whether size of a car has an effect on the load measurements and (2) to determine whether the location of the femur (left or right) has an effect on the load measurements, should we use one-way analysis of variance for the
What is an interaction between two factors? In general, when using two way analysis of variance, if we find that there is an interaction effect, how does that affect the procedure?
If we use the data described in Exercise 1 with two-way analysis of variance, we get the accompanying display. What do you conclude?
The following table lists results from car crash tests. The listed values are measures of chest deceleration (in g) categorized by type (whether the car is foreign or domestic) and car size (small, midsize, large). Results from two-way analysis of variance are also displayed. Use the displayed
Example 1 in this section used performance IQ scores from Data Set 5 in Appendix B for two-way analysis of variance with the factors of sex (male, female) and measured blood lead level (low, medium, high). If we use the verbal IQ scores with those same factors, we get the accompanying results. Use
Listed below are ratings of pancakes made by experts. Different pancakes were made with and without a supplement and with different amounts of whey. The results from two-way analysis of variance are shown. Use the displayed results and a 0.05 significance level. What do you conclude?
The following table lists measures of self-esteem obtained from a student project as supervised by Jannay Morrow at Vassar College (based on data from Richard Lowry). The objective of the project was to study how levels of selfesteem in subjects relate to their perceptions of self-esteem in other
The following table lists pulse rates obtained from Data Set 1 in Appendix B. Use a 0.05 significance level and apply the methods of two-way analysis of variance. What do you conclude?
Data Example 1 illustrated the use of two-way ANOVA to analyze the sample data in Table 12-3. How are the results affected in each of the following cases?a. The same constant is added to each sample value. b. Each sample value is multiplied by the same nonzero constant. c. The format of the table
Data Set 14 in Appendix B includes highway fuel consumption amounts for cars with 4 cylinders, 6 cylinders, and 8 cylinders. Analysis of variance is used with the highway fuel consumption amounts (mi/gal) categorized according to the number of cylinders (4, 6, 8); the results are shown in the
Weights (kg) of poplar trees were obtained from trees planted in one region that was rich and moist and a second region that was sandy and dry. The trees were given different treatments as identified in the table below. The data are from a study conducted by researchers at Pennsylvania State
Data Set 10 in Appendix B includes the amounts of tar (mg per cigarette) in the king-size cigarettes, the 100-mm menthol cigarettes, and the 100-mm nonmenthol cigarettes. The king-size cigarettes are nonfiltered, nonmenthol, and nonlight. The 100-mm menthol cigarettes are filtered and nonlight. The
The table below lists body temperatures obtained from randomly selected subjects. The temperatures are categorized according to gender and whether the subject smokes. Using a 0.05 significance level, test for an interaction between gender and smoking, test for an effect from gender, and test for an
Descriptive Statistics Include appropriate units in all answers. a. Find the mean for each of the three groups. b. Find the standard deviation for each of the three groups. c. Find the variance for each of the three groups. d. What is the level of measurement of the data (nominal, ordinal,
Treating the data as samples from larger populations, test the claim that there is a difference between the mean for presidents and the mean for British monarchs.
Use the longevity times for presidents and determine whether they appear to come from a population having a normal distribution. Explain why the distribution does or does not appear to be normal.
Use the longevity times for presidents and construct a 95% confidence interval estimate of the population mean.
The display below results from using the one-way analysis of variance test.a. What is the null hypothesis?b. Assuming a 0.05 significance level, what conclusion is indicated by the displayed results?
Listed below are weights (kg) of eight male college students in September and April of their freshman year (from Data Set 4 in Appendix B).a. Test for a linear correlation between September weights and the subsequent April weights.b. Find the equation of the regression line.c. Find the best
Based on Data Set 1 in Appendix B, assume that adult females have blood platelet counts that are normally distributed with a mean of 280 and a standard deviation of 65. a. Find the probability that a randomly selected adult female has a platelet count greater than 345. b. Find the probability that
Today reported about an Adecco Staffing survey of 1000 randomly selected adults. Among those respondents, 20% chose health benefits as being most important to their job. a. What is the number of respondents who chose health benefits as being most important to their job? b. Construct a 95% interval
Shown below is a histogram of digits selected in California€™s Win 4 lottery. Each drawing involves the random selection (with replacement) of four digits between 0 and 9 inclusive.a. If the lottery works correctly, what should be the shape of the histogram in the long run? Does the
The bars in the histogram included with Exercise 9 depict these frequencies: 21, 19, 15, 18, 24, 18, 16, 24, 30, and 15. Test the claim that the digits are selected from a population in which the digits are all equally likely. Is there a problem with the lottery?
Sign Test for Freshman 15 The table below lists some of the weights from Data Set 4 in Appendix B. Those weights were measured from college students in September and later in April of their freshman year. Assume that we plan to use the sign test to test the claim of no difference between September
An important step in conducting the sign test is to determine whether the sample data contradict the alternative hypothesis H1 For the sign test described in Exercise 1, identify the null hypothesis and the alternative hypothesis, and explain how the sample data contradict or do not contradict the
Positive signs: 856; negative signs: 151; ties: 57 (from a Pew Research Center poll of adults who were asked if they know what Twitter is)Assume that matched pairs of data result in the given number of signs when the value of the second variable is subtracted from the corresponding value of the
Positive signs: 172; negative signs: 439; ties: 0 (from challenges to referee calls in the most recent U.S. Open tennis tournament) Assume that matched pairs of data result in the given number of signs when the value of the second variable is subtracted from the corresponding value of the first
Listed below are ages of actresses and actors at the times that they won Oscars. These 10 matched pairs are the first 10 from Data Set 11 in Appendix B. The data are paired according to the years that they won. Use a 0.03 significance level to test the claim that there is no difference between the
Repeat Exercise 9 using all of the 82 pairs of ages in Data Set 11 from Appendix B. For that data set, there are 16 positive signs, 64 negative signs, and 2 ties.Use the sign test for the data consisting of matched pairs.
Refer to Data Set 12 in Appendix B and use the heights of U.S. presidents and their main opponents in the presidential campaigns to test the claim that there is no difference. Use a 0.05 significance level. Use the sign test for the data consisting of matched pairs.Use the sign test for the data
Example 2 using the following times for American Airlines Flight 19.Use the sign test for the data consisting of matched pairs.
The Genetics and IVF Institute conducted a clinical trial of its methods for gender selection. As of this writing, 239 of 291 babies born to parents using the YSORT method were boys. Use a 0.01 significance level to test the claim that the YSORT method has no effect. Use the sign test for the claim
A study addressed the issue of whether women have the ability to predict the sex of their babies. Among 104 recruited subjects, 53% correctly guessed the sex of the baby. Use a 0.05 significance level to test the claim that women do not have the ability to predict the sex of their babies. Use the
At the age of 9, Emily Rosa tested professional touch therapists to see if they could sense her energy field. She flipped a coin to select either her right hand or her left hand, then she asked the therapists to identify the selected hand by placing their hand just under Emily’s hand without
In a USA Today poll, people responded to this question “Are today’s NFL (football) games too long?” Among the respondents with a definitive answer, 242 answered yes and 396 answered no. Use a 0.05 significance level to test the claim that respondents did not have a strong opinion one way or
Refer to Data Set 21 in Appendix B for the weights (g) of randomly selected quarters that were minted after 1964. The quarters are supposed to have a median weight of 5.670 g. Use a 0.01 significance level to test the claim that the median is equal to 5.670 g. Do quarters appear to be minted
Refer to Data Set 16 in Appendix B for the earthquake magnitudes. Use a 0.01 significance level to test the claim that the median is equal to 1.00. Refer to the indicated data set in Appendix B and Use the sign test for the claim about the median of a population.
Refer to Data Set 19 in Appendix B for the amounts (in oz) in cans of regular Coke. The cans are labeled to indicate that the contents are 12 oz of Coke. Use a 0.05 significance level to test the claim that cans of Coke are filled so that the median amount is 12 oz. If the median is not 12 oz, are
Refer to Data Set 11 in Appendix B for the ages of actresses at the time that they won Oscars in the category of Best Actress. Use a 0.05 significance level to test the claim that the median age of Oscar-winning actresses is equal to 30 years. Refer to the indicated data set in Appendix B and Use
In the sign test procedure described in this section, we exclude ties. A second approach is to treat half of the 0s as positive signs and half as negative signs. With a third approach, in two-tailed tests make half of the 0s positive and half negative; in one-tailed tests make all 0s either
The following table lists some of the weights from Data Set 4 in Appendix B. Those weights were measured from college students in September and later in April of their freshman year. Assume that we plan to use the Wilcoxon signed-ranks test to test the claim of no difference between September
For the matched pairs listed in Exercise 1, identify the following components used in the Wilcoxon signed-ranks test:a. Differences db. The ranks corresponding to the nonzero values of |d|c. The signed ranksd. The sum of the positive ranks and the sum of the absolute values of the negative rankse.
Use the Wilcoxon signed-ranks test to test the claim that the matched pairs have differences that come from a population with a median equal to zero. Use a 0.05 significance level.
Using all of the 82 pairs of ages in Data Set 11 from Appendix B. For that data set, there are 16 positive signs, 64 negative signs, and 2 ties.Use the Wilcoxon signed-ranks test to test the claim that the matched pairs have differences that come from a population with a median equal to zero. Use a
Refer to Data Set 12 in Appendix B and use the heights of U.S. presidents and their main opponents in the presidential campaigns to test the claim that there is no difference. Use the Wilcoxon signed-ranks test to test the claim that the matched pairs have differences that come from a population
Use the Wilcoxon signed-ranks test to test the claim that the matched pairs have differences that come from a population with a median equal to zero. Use a 0.05 significance level.
Refer to Data Set 21 in Appendix B for the weights (g) of randomly selected quarters that were minted after 1964. the quarters are supposed to have a median weight of 5.670g. Use a 0.01 significance level to test the claim that the median is equal to 5.670g. Do quarters appear to be minted
Refer to Data Set 16 in Appendix B for the earthquake magnitudes. Use a 0.01 significance level to test the claim that the median is equal to 1.00. Use the Wilcoxon signed-ranks test for the claim about the median of a population.
Refer to Data Set 19 in Appendix B for the amounts (in oz) in cans of regular Coke. The cans are labeled to indicate that the contents are 12 oz of Coke. Use a 0.05 significance level to test the claim that cans of Coke is filled so that the median amount is 12 oz. If the median is not 12 oz, are
Refer to Data Set 11 in Appendix B for the ages of actresses at the time that they won Oscars in the category of Best Actress. Use a 0.05 significance level to test the claim that the median age of Oscar-winning actresses is equal to 30 years. Use the Wilcoxon signed-ranks test for the claim about
a. If we have sample paired data with 75 nonzero differences, what are the smallest and largest possible values of T? b. If we have sample paired data with 75 nonzero differences, what is the expected value of T if the population consists of matched pairs with differences having a median of 0? c.
Refer to the sample data in Exercise 1. Assuming that we use the Wilcoxon rank-sum test with those data, identify the null hypothesis and all possible alternative hypotheses.
Refer to Table 13-2 in Section 13-1 and identify the efficiency of the Wilcoxon rank-sum test. What does that value tell us about the test?
Use the sample data given in Exercise 1 and test the claim that arrival delay times for Flight 19 and Flight 21 have the same median. Use a 0.05 significance level.
Listed below are samples of taxi-out times (min) for American Airlines Flights 19 and 21. Use the sample data to test the claim that taxi-out times for Flight 19 and Flight 21 have the same median. Use a 0.05 significance level.
The sample data below are changes in LDL cholesterol levels in clinical trials of Lipitor (atorvastatin). It was claimed that Lipitor had an effect on LDL cholesterol. Negative values represent decreases in LDL cholesterol. Use a 0.05 significance level to test the claim that for those treated with
Listed below are amounts of strontium-90 in a simple random sample of baby teeth obtained from Pennsylvania residents and New York residents born after 1979. Use a 0.05 significance level to test the claim that the median amount of strontium-90 from Pennsylvania residents is the same as the median
Data Set 5 in Appendix B lists full IQ scores for a random sample of subjects with medium lead levels in their blood and another random sample of subjects with high lead levels in their blood. Use a 0.05 significance level to test the claim that subjects with medium lead levels have full IQ scores
Data Set 5 in Appendix B lists performance IQ scores for a random sample of subjects with low lead levels in their blood and another random sample of subjects with high lead levels in their blood. Use a 0.05 significance level to test the claim that subjects with low lead levels have a higher
Data Set 21 in Appendix B lists weights (g) of pre-1964 quarters and post-1964 quarters. Use a 0.05 significance level to test the claim that the samples are from populations with the same median. Does it appear that the design of quarters changed in 1964?
Data Set 19 in Appendix B lists weights (lb) of the cola in cans of regular Coke and diet Coke. Use a 0.05 significance level to test the claim that the samples are from populations with the same median. If there appears to be a difference, try to explain it.
The Mann-Whitney U test is equivalent to the Wilcoxon rank-sum test for independent samples in the sense that they both apply to the same situations and always lead to the same conclusions. In the Mann-Whitney U test we calculate.WhereUse the pulse rates listed in Table 13-5 in this section to find
Assume that we have two treatments (A and B) that produce quantitative results, and we have only two observations for treatment A and two observations for treatment B. We cannot use the test statistic given in this section because both sample sizes do not exceed 10.a. Complete the accompanying
Listed below are full IQ scores from simple random samples of subjects with low lead exposure, medium lead exposure, and high lead exposure. In using the Kruskal-Wallis test, we must rank all of the data combined, then we must find the sum of the ranks for each sample. Find the sum of the ranks for
For the data given in Exercise 1, identify the values of n1, n2, n3, and N.
Refer to Table 13-2 in Section 13-1 and identify the efficiency of the Kruskal Wallis test. What does that value tell us about the test?
Jeff Parent is a statistics instructor who participates in triathlons. Listed below are times (in minutes and seconds) he recorded while riding a bicycle for five laps through each mile of a 3-mile loop. Use a 0.05 significance level to test the claim that the samples are from populations with the
Pages were randomly selected by the author from The Bear and the Dragon by Tom Clancy, Harry Potter and the Sorcerer€™s Stone by J. K. Rowling, and War and Peace by Leo Tolstoy. The Flesch Reading Ease scores are listed on the next page. Use a 0.05 significance level to test the claim that the

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