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Elementary Statistics 12th Edition Mario F. Triola - Solutions

Researchers conducted an experiment to test the effects of alcohol. The errors were recorded in a test of visual and motor skills for a treatment group of 22 people who drank ethanol and another group of 22 people given a placebo. The errors for the treatment group have a standard deviation of
If we use the body temperatures from 8 A.M. on Day 2 as listed in Data Set 3 in Appendix B, we get the statistics given in the accompanying table. Use these data with a 0.05 significance level to test the claim that men have body temperatures that vary more than the body temperatures of
Magnet Treatment of Pain Researchers conducted a study to determine whether magnets are effective in treating back pain, with results given below (based on data from €œBipolar Permanent Magnets for the Treatment of Chronic Lower Back Pain: The values represent measurements of pain using the
Researchers measured skulls from different time periods in an attempt to determine whether interbreeding of cultures occurred. Results are given below (based on data from Ancient Races of the The baid, by Thomson and Randall-Maciver, Oxford University Press). Use a 0.05 significance level to test
Listed below are amounts of strontium-90 (in millibecquerels, or mBq, per gram of calcium) in a simple random sample of baby teeth obtained from Pennsylvania residents and New York residents born after 1979. Use a 0.05 significance level to test the claim that amounts of strontium-90 from
Listed below are the numbers of years that popes and British monarchs (since 1690) lived after their election or coronation (based on data from Computer-Interactive Data Analysis, by Lunn and McNeil, John Wiley & Sons). Treat the values as simple random samples from a larger population. Use a
Listed below are heights (cm) of randomly selected females and males taken from Data Set 1 in Appendix B. Use a 0.05 significance level to test the claim that females and males have heights with the same amount of variation.Assume that both samples are independent simple random samples from
Listed below are weights (kg) of randomly selected females and males taken from Data Set 1 in Appendix B. Use a 0.05 significance level to test the claim that males have weights with more variation than females.Assume that both samples are independent simple random samples from populations having
Listed below are weights (kg) of randomly selected females and males taken from Data Set 1 in Appendix B. Use a 0.05 significance level to test the claim that males have weights with more variation than females.Use the indicated Data Sets from Appendix B. Assume that both samples are independent
M&Ms Refer to Data Set 20 in Appendix B and use the weights (g) of the red M&Ms and the orange M&Ms. Use a 0.05 significance level to test the claim that the two samples are from populations with the same amount of variation. Use the indicated Data Sets from Appendix B. Assume that both samples are
Use the original weights of pre-1964 quarters and post-1964 quarters listed in Data Set 21 in Appendix B. Instead of using the A test, use the following procedure for a €œcount five€ test of equal variation. What do you conclude?a. For the first sample, find the absolute deviation of each
Use the weights (g) of pre-1964 quarters and post-1964 quarters listed in Data Set 21 of Appendix B. Use the Levene-Brown-Forsythe test with a 0.05 significance level to test the claim that weights of pre-1964 quarters and weights of post-1964 quarters are from populations with the same standard
Carpal tunnel syndrome is a common wrist complaint resulting from a compressed nerve, and it is often caused by repetitive wrist movements. In a randomized controlled trial, among 73 patients treated with surgery and evaluated one year later, 67 were found to have successful treatments. Among 83
Construct a confidence interval suitable for testing the claim from Exercise 1. What feature of the resulting confidence interval leads to the same conclusion from Exercise 1?
In a study of the effectiveness of airbags in cars, 11,541 occupants were observed in car crashes with airbags available, and 41 of them were fatalities. Among 9853 occupants in crashes with airbags not available, 52 were fatalities. Use a 0.05 significance level to test the claim that the fatality
Listed below are the costs (in dollars) of flights from New York (JFK) to San Francisco for US Air, Continental, Delta, United, American, Alaska Airlines, and Northwest. Use a 0.01 significance level to test the claim that flights scheduled one day in advance cost more than flights scheduled 30
As part of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted by the Department of Health and Human Services, self-reported heights and measured heights were obtained for females aged 12 to 16. Listed below are sample results. Is there sufficient evidence to support the claim that there
Does stress affect the recall ability of police eyewitnesses? This issue was studied in an experiment that tested eyewitness memory a week after a nonstressful interrogation of a cooperative suspect and a stressful interrogation of an uncooperative and belligerent suspect. The numbers of details
Construct a confidence interval suitable for testing the claim from Exercise 6. What feature of the resulting confidence interval leads to the same conclusion from Exercise 6?
Among 13,200 submitted abstracts that were blindly evaluated (with authors and institutions not identified), 26.7% were accepted for publication. Among 13,433 abstracts that were not blindly evaluated, 29.0% were accepted (based on data from “Effect of Blinded Peer Review on Abstract
The baseline characteristics of different treatment groups are often included in journal articles. In one study, 49 subjects treated with raw garlic had LDL cholesterol measurements with a mean of 151 and a standard deviation of 15, while 48 subjects given placebos had LDL cholesterol measurements
Use the sample data from Exercise 9 to test the claim that the two populations have LDL levels with the same standard deviation. Use a 0.05 significance level. The baseline characteristics of different treatment groups are often included in journal articles. In one study, 49 subjects treated with
Use the following heights (in.) of mothers, fathers, and their adult daughters. The data are matched so that each column consists of heights from the same family.a. Are the three samples independent or dependent? Why? b. Find the mean, median, mode, range, standard deviation, and variance of the
Construct a scatter plot of the paired mother/daughter heights. What does the result suggest? Use the following heights (in.) of mothers, fathers, and their adult daughters. The data are matched so that each column consists of heights from the same family.
Construct a 95% confidence interval estimate of the mean height of daughters. Write a brief statement that interprets the confidence interval.Use the following heights (in.) of mothers, fathers, and their adult daughters. The data are matched so that each column consists of heights from the same
Use a 0.05 significance level to test the claim that there is no significant difference between the heights of mothers and the heights of their daughters.Use the following heights (in.) of mothers, fathers, and their adult daughters. The data are matched so that each column consists of heights from
Refer to the accompanying normal quantile plot and determine whether the sample of heights of daughters appears to be from a normally distributed population.Use the following heights (in.) of mothers, fathers, and their adult daughters. The data are matched so that each column consists of heights
In a survey of 1032 Americans, respondents were asked what they miss most when electrical power is lost. Of the respondents 134 indicated their computer and/or Internet access (based on results from a Utility Pulse survey). Use the results to construct a 95% confidence interval estimate of the
Late-night talk show host David Lettermen made jokes about the name “Juke” for a Nissan motor vehicle. (It is kind of funny.) If you have been commissioned to conduct a survey of American drivers who see humor in the Juke name, how many American drivers must you survey? Assume that you want 97%
Based on the measurements in Data Set 1 of Appendix B, assume that heights of women are normally distributed with a mean of 162.0 cm and a standard deviation of 6.6 cm. a. If a woman is randomly selected, find the probability that she is taller than 152.1 cm. b. If four women are randomly selected,
Another (clearly inferior) statistics textbook includes an exercise in which students are given the mean income for each of the 50 states. The students are then asked to compute the mean of those 50 values. Is the result the mean income for the U.S. population? Why or why not?
For each of several randomly selected years, the sunspot number and the high value of the Dow Jones Industrial Average are recorded. The sunspot number is a measure of sunspot activity on the sun, and the Dow Jones Industrial Average is one measure of stock market value. For this sample of paired
A physics experiment consists of recording paired data consisting of the time (seconds) elapsed since the beginning of the experiment and the distance (cm) of a robot from its point of origin. Using the paired time/distance data, the value of r is calculated to be 0. Is it correct to conclude that
Some studies have shown that there is a correlation between consumption of salt and blood pressure. As more salt is consumed, blood pressure tends to rise. A reporter reads one of these studies and writes the headline “Increased Salt Consumption Causes Blood Pressure to Rise.” Is that headline
In a test of the Weight Watchers weight loss program, weights of 40 subjects are recorded before and after the program. Assume that the before/ after weights result in r = 0.876. Is there sufficient evidence to support a claim of a linear correlation between the before/after weights? Does the value
For 40 eruptions of the Old Faithful geyser in Yellowstone National Park, duration times (sec) were recorded along with the time intervals (min) to the next eruption. The paired durations and interval times were used to obtain the results shown in the accompanying STATDISK display. Is there
For 40 eruptions of the Old Faithful geyser in Yellowstone National Park, duration times (sec) were recorded along with the heights (ft) of the eruptions. The paired duration and height measurements were used to obtain the results shown in the accompanying Excel display. Is there sufficient
The heights (in inches) of a sample of 10 father/son pairs of subjects were measured. Minitab results are shown below (based on data from the National Health Examination Survey). Is there sufficient evidence to support the claim that there is a linear correlation between the heights of fathers and
The amounts of sugar (grams of sugar per gram of cereal) and calories (per gram of cereal) were recorded for a sample of 16 different cereals. TI-83/84 Plus calculator results are shown here. Is there sufficient evidence to support the claim that there is a linear correlation between sugar and
a. Construct a scatterplot.b. Find the value of the linear correlation coefficient r, then determine whether there is sufficient evidence to support the claim of a linear correlation between the two variables.c. Identify the feature of the data that would be missed if part (b) was completed without
a. Construct a scatterplot.b. Find the value of the linear correlation coefficient r, then determine whether there is sufficient evidence to support the claim of a linear correlation between the two variables.c. Identify the feature of the data that would be missed if part (b) was completed without
Refer to the accompanying Minitab-generated scatterplot.a. Examine the pattern of all 10 points and subjectively determine whether there appears to be a correlation between x and y.b. After identifying the 10 pairs of coordinates corresponding to the 10 points, find the value of the correlation
Refer to the following Minitab-generated scatterplot. The four points in the lower left corner are measurements from women, and the four points in the upper right corner are from men.a. Examine the pattern of the four points in the lower left corner (from women) only, and subjectively determine
Listed below are annual data for various years. The data are weights (metric tons) of lemons imported from Mexico and U.S. car crash fatality rates per 100,000 population. Is there sufficient evidence to conclude that there is a linear correlation between weights of lemon imports from Mexico and
Listed below are PSAT scores and SAT scores from prospective college applicants. The scores were reported by subjects who responded to a request posted by the Web site talk.collegeconfidential.com. Is there sufficient evidence to conclude that there is a linear correlation between PSAT scores and
Listed below are numbers of enrolled students (in thousands) and numbers of burglaries for randomly selected large colleges in a recent year. Is there sufficient evidence to conclude that there is a linear correlation between enrollment and burglaries? Do the results change if the actual
Listed below are altitudes (thousands of feet) and outside air temperatures (degrees Fahrenheit) recorded by the author during Delta Flight 1053 from New Orleans to Atlanta. Is there sufficient evidence to conclude that there is a linear correlation between altitude and outside air temperature? Do
Town Courts Listed below are amounts of court fine revenue and salaries paid to the town justices (based on data from the Poughkeepsie Journal). All amounts are in thousands of dollars, and all of the towns are in Dutchess County, New York. Is there sufficient evidence to conclude that there is a
The author is a member of the board of directors of a nonprofit organization that held a fund-raising auction. He recorded the opening bids suggested by the auctioneer and the final winning bids for several items. The amounts are listed below. Is there sufficient evidence to conclude that there is
The table below lists measured amounts of redshift and the distances (billions of light-years) to randomly selected clusters of galaxies (based on data from The Cosmic Perspective by Bennett et ah, Benjamin Cummings). Is there sufficient evidence to conclude that there is a linear correlation
The table below lists weights (carats) and prices (dollars) of randomly selected diamonds. All of the diamonds are round with ratings of €œvery good€ cut, they all have a color rating of F (€œslight color€), and a clarity rating of VS I (€œvery slightly included€). The values
Listed below are the overhead widths (in cm) of seals measured from photographs and the weights (in kg) of the seals. The purpose of the study was to determine if weights of seals could be determined from overhead photographs. Is there sufficient evidence to conclude that there is a linear
Listed below are repair costs (in dollars) for cars crashed at 6 mi/h in full-front crash tests and the same cars crashed at 6 mi/h in full-rear crash tests. The cars are the Toyota Canary, Mazda 6, Volvo S40, Saturn Aura, Subaru Legacy, Hyundai Sonata, and Honda Accord. Is there sufficient
Listed below are systolic blood pressure measurements (in mm Hg) obtained from the same woman. Is there sufficient evidence to conclude that there is a linear correlation between right and left arm systolic blood pressure measurements?
One classic application of correlation involves the association between the temperature and the number of times a cricket chirps in a minute. Listed below are the numbers of chirps in 1 min and the corresponding temperatures in °F. Is there sufficient evidence to conclude that there is a linear
Gas prices have been very volatile in recent years. The table below lists gas prices (dollars per gallon) at randomly selected Connecticut stations at the time of this writing. Is there sufficient evidence to conclude that there is a linear correlation between prices of regular gas and prices of
Repeat the preceding exercise using the prices of regular gas and the prices of mid-grade gas. Gas Prices Gas prices have been very volatile in recent years. The table below lists gas prices (dollars per gallon) at randomly selected Connecticut stations at the time of this writing. Is there
Diameters (cm), circumferences (cm), and volumes (cm3) from balls used in different sports are listed in the table below. Is there sufficient evidence to conclude that there is a linear correlation between diameters and circumferences? Does the scatterplot confirm a linear association?
Repeat the preceding exercise using diameters and volumes.Sports Diameters (cm), circumferences (cm), and volumes (cm3) from balls used in different sports are listed in the table below. Is there sufficient evidence to conclude that there is a linear correlation between diameters and
Refer to Data Set 6 in Appendix B and use the paired data consisting of brain volume (cm3) and IQ score. Use the data from Appendix B to construct a scatterplot, find the value of the linear correlation coefficient r, and find either the P-value or the critical values of from Table A-6 using α =
Refer to Data Set 15 in Appendix B and use the departure delay times and the arrival delay times. Use the data from Appendix B to construct α a scatterplot, find the value of the linear correlation coefficient r, and find either the P-value or the critical values of r from Table A-6 using α =
Refer to Data Set 17 in Appendix B and use the word counts measured from men and women in couple relationships listed in the first two columns of Data Set 17.Use the data from Appendix B to construct α a scatterplot, find the value of the linear correlation coefficient r, and find either the
Refer to Data Set 16 in Appendix B and use the magnitudes and depths from the earthquakes. Use the data from Appendix B to construct α a scatterplot, find the value of the linear correlation coefficient r, and find either the P-value or the critical values of r from Table A-6 using α = 0.05.
In addition to testing for a linear correlation between x and y, we can often use transformations of data to explore other relationships. For example, we might replace each x value by x2 and use the methods of this section to determine whether there is a linear correlation between y and x2. Given
Table A-6 lists critical values of r for selected values of n and a. More generally, critical r values can be found by using the formulaWhere the t value is found from the table of critical t values assuming a two tailed case with n €“ 2 degrees of freedom. Use the formula for r given here and
Use the given data to find the equation of the regression line. Examine the scatterplot and identify a characteristic of the data that is ignored by the regression line.
Use the given data to find the equation of the regression line. Examine the scatterplot and identify a characteristic of the data that is ignored by the regression line.
Refer to the Minitab-generated scatterplot given in Exercise 11 of Section 10-2.a. Using the pairs of values for all 10 points, find the equation of the regression line. b. After removing the point with coordinates (10, 10), use the pairs of values for the remaining 9 points and find the equation
Refer to the Minitab-generated scatterplot given in Exercise 12 of Section 10-2.a. Using the pairs of values for all 8 points, find the equation of the regression line. b. Using only the pairs of values for the 4 points in the lower left corner, find the equation of the regression line. c. Using
Find the best predicted crash fatality rate for a year in which there are 500 metric tons of lemon imports.Find the regression equation using Î± = 0.05, letting the first variable be the predictor (x) variable. Find the indicated predicted value by following the prediction procedure summarized in
One subject not included in the given table had a PSAT score of 229. Find the best predicted SAT score for this student. Is the result close to the reported value of 2400? Given that the data are from volunteered responses, are the results valid?Find the regression equation using Î± = 0.05,
Find the best predicted number of burglaries for Ohio State, which had an enrollment of 51,800 students. Is the predicted value close to 329, which was the actual number of burglaries?Find the regression equation using Î± = 0.05, letting the first variable be the predictor (x) variable. Find the
At 6327 ft (or 6.327 thousand feet), the author recorded the temperature. Find the best predicted temperature at that altitude. How does the result compare to the actual recorded value of 48°F?Find the regression equation using Î± = 0.05, letting the first variable be the predictor (x) variable.
The court for the town of Beekman had income of $83,941 (or $83,941 thousand). Find the best predicted salary for the justice. Is the result close to the actual salary of $26,088?Find the regression equation using Î± = 0.05, letting the first variable be the predictor (x) variable. Find the
An item not included in the table is a pair of New York Knicks tickets. The auctioneer started the bidding at $300. Find the best predicted winning bid. Is the result close to the actual winning bid of $250?Find the regression equation using Î± = 0.05, letting the first variable be the predictor
The cluster Hydra has a measured redshift of 0.0126. Find the best predicted distance to that cluster. Is the result close to the actual distance of 0.18 billion light-years?Find the regression equation using Î± = 0.05, letting the first variable be the predictor (x) variable. Find the indicated
Not included in the table below is a diamond with a weight of 1.50 carats. Find the best predicted price for this diamond. Is the result close to the actual price of $16,097? What is wrong with predicting the price of a 1.50-carat diamond?Find the regression equation using Î± = 0.05, letting the
Find the best predicted weight of a seal if the overhead width measured from a photograph is 2 cm. Can the prediction be correct? What is wrong with predicting the weight in this case?Find the regression equation using Î± = 0.05, letting the first variable be the predictor (x) variable. Find the
Find the best predicted repair costs for a full-rear crash for a Volkswagon Passat, given that its repair cost from a full-front crash is $4594. How does the result compare to the $982 actual repair cost from a full-rear crash?Find the regression equation using Î± = 0.05, letting the first
Find the best predicted systolic blood pressure in the left arm given that the systolic blood pressure in the right arm is 100 mm Hg.Find the regression equation using Î± = 0.05, letting the first variable be the predictor (x) variable. Find the indicated predicted value by following the
Find the best predicted temperature at a time when a cricket chirps 3000 times in 1 minute. What is wrong with this predicted value?Find the regression equation using Î± = 0.05, letting the first variable be the predictor (x) variable. Find the indicated predicted value by following the
One gas station not included in the table below had a listed price of $2.78 for regular gas. Find the best predicted price of premium gas at this station. Is the result close to the actual price of $2.93 for premium gas?Find the regression equation using Î± = 0.05, letting the first variable be
Using the data from the preceding exercise, find the best predicted price for mid-grade gas for a station that posted $2.78 as the price of regular gas. Is the result close to the actual price of $2.84 for mid-grade gas?Find the regression equation using Î± = 0.05, letting the first variable be
Find the best predicted circumference of a marble with a diameter of 1.50 cm. How does the result compare to the actual circumference of 4.7 cm?Find the regression equation using Î± = 0.05, letting the first variable be the predictor (x) variable. Find the indicated predicted value by
Using the data from the preceding exercise, find the best predicted volume of a marble with a diameter of 1.50 cm. How does the result compare to the actual volume of 1.8 cm3?Find the regression equation using Î± = 0.05, letting the first variable be the predictor (x) variable. Find
Refer to Data Set 6 in Appendix B and use the paired data consisting of IQ score and brain volume (cm3). Find the best predicted IQ score for someone with a brain volume of 1000 cm3.In each case, find the regression equation, letting the first variable be the predictor (x) variable. Find the
Refer to Data Set 15 in Appendix B and use the departure delay times and the arrival delay times. Find the best predicted arrival delay time for a flight with no departure delay.In each case, find the regression equation, letting the first variable be the predictor (x) variable. Find the indicated
Refer to Data Set 17 in Appendix B and use the word counts measured from men and women in couple relationships listed in the first two columns of Data Set 17. Find the best predicted word count for a woman who is in a couple relationship with a man having a word count of 10,000.In each case, find
Refer to Data Set 16 in Appendix B and use the magnitudes and depths from the earthquakes. Find the best predicted depth of an earthquake with a magnitude of 1.50.In each case, find the regression equation, letting the first variable be the predictor (x) variable. Find the indicated predicted
Explain why a test of the null hypothesis H0: p = 0 is equivalent to a test of the null hypothesis H0: β1 = 0, where p is the linear correlation coefficient for a population of paired data, and β1 is the slope of the regression line for that same population.
According to the least-squares property, the regression line minimizes the sum of the squares of the residuals. Refer to the data in Table 10-1.a. Find the sum of squares of the residuals.b. Show that the regression equation y = 120 + 2.00x results in a larger sum of squares of residuals.
Using Data Set 1 from Appendix B, if we let the predictor variable x represent heights of males and let the response variable y represent weights of males, the sample of 10-4 Prediction Intervals and Variation 40 heights and weights results in se — 17.5436 cm. In your own words, describe what
Using the heights and weights described in Exercise 1, a height of 180 cm is used to find that the predicted weight is 88.0 kg, and the 95% prediction interval is displayed by Minitab as (50.7, 123.0). Write a statement that interprets that prediction interval. What is the major advantage of using
Using the heights and weights described in Exercise 1, the linear correlation coefficient r is 0.356. Find the value of the coefficient of determination. What practical information does the coefficient of determination provide?
A sample of 12 different statistics textbooks is obtained and their weights are measured in kilograms and in pounds. Using the 12 paired weights (kg, lb), what is the value of se? For a Triola textbook that weighs 4.5 lb, the predicted weight in kilograms is 2.04 kg. What is the 95% prediction
r — 0.933 (x = weight of male, y = waist size of male) Use the value of the linear correlation coefficient r to find the coefficient of determination and the percentage of the total variation that can be explained by the linear relationship between the two variables from the Appendix B data sets.
r = 0.963 (x = chest size of a bear, y = weight of a bear) Use the value of the linear correlation coefficient r to find the coefficient of determination and the percentage of the total variation that can be explained by the linear relationship between the two variables from the Appendix B data
r = —0.793 (x = weight of a car, y = highway fuel consumption) Use the value of the linear correlation coefficient r to find the coefficient of determination and the percentage of the total variation that can be explained by the linear relationship between the two variables from the Appendix B
r — 0.751 (x = weight of discarded plastic, y = household size) Use the value of the linear correlation coefficient r to find the coefficient of determination and the percentage of the total variation that can be explained by the linear relationship between the two variables from the Appendix B
Use the information provided in the display to determine the value of the linear correlation coefficient. Given that there are 40 pairs of data, is there sufficient evidence to support a claim of a linear correlation between foot lengths of people and their heights?Refer to the Minitab display

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