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Statistics 12th Edition James T. McClave, Terry T Sincich - Solutions

Researchers at Griffin University (Australia) conducted a study to determine whether video game players have superior visual attention skills compared to non€“video game players. Two groups of male psychology students€”32 video game players (VGP group) and 28 non-players (NVGP
Chance (Fall 2002) described a lawsuit charging Intel Corp. with infringing on a patent for an invention used in the automatic manufacture of computer chips. In response, Intel accused the inventor of adding material to his patent notebook after the patent was witnessed and granted. The case rested
Two methods of castrating male piglets were investigated in Applied Animal Behavior Science (Nov. 1, 2000). Method 1 involved an incision in the spermatic cords, while Method 2 involved pulling and severing the cords. Forty-nine male piglets were randomly allocated to one of the two methods. During
Does rudeness really matter in the workplace? Studies have established that rudeness in the workplace can lead to retaliatory and counterproductive behavior. However, there has been little research on how rude behaviors influence a victim€™s task performance. Such a study was conducted
Each year, the state of Kentucky invites bids from dairies to supply half-pint containers of fluid milk products for its school districts. In several school districts in northern Kentucky (called the €œtricounty€ market), two suppliers€”Meyer Dairy and Trauth
What conditions are required for valid large-sample inferences about µd? Small sample inferences?
A paired difference experiment produced the following data:a. Determine the values of t for which the null hypothesis µ1 - µ2 = 0 would be rejected in favor of the alternative hypothesis µ1 - µ2 b. Conduct the paired difference test described in part a. Draw the appropriate conclusions.c. What
The data for a random sample of 10 paired observations are shown in the following table and saved in thea. If you wish to test whether these data are sufficient to indicate that the mean for population 2 is larger than that for population 1, what are the appropriate null and alternative hypotheses?
Camp Jump Start is an 8-week summer camp for overweight and obese adolescents. Counselors develop a weight-management program for each camper that centers on nutrition education and physical activity. In a study published in Pediatrics (April 2010), the body mass index (BMI) was measured for each
The Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education (Fall 2006) published an article on vocalized laughter among deaf users of American Sign Language (ASL). In videotaped ASL conversations among deaf participants, 28 laughed at least once. The researchers wanted to know if they laughed more as speakers
Refer to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) crash test data on new cars, saved in the CRASH file. Crash test dummies were placed in the driver’s seat and front passenger’s seat of a new car model, and the car was steered by remote control into a head-on collision with a
In searching for an item (e.g., a roadside traffic sign, a lost earring, or a tumor in a mammogram), common sense dictates that you will not reexamine items previously rejected. However, researchers at Harvard Medical School found that a visual search has no memory (Nature, Aug. 6, 1998). In their
Many high schools have education programs that encourage teachers to embrace racial tolerance, recognize ethnic diversity, and overcome racial stereotypes. To gauge the effectiveness of one such program that utilizes two videos of teachers engaging in racial stereotypes of their students,
Synechocystis, a type of cyanobacterium that can grow and survive under a wide range of conditions, is used by scientists to model DNA behavior. In the Journal of Bacteriology (July 2002), scientists isolated genes of the bacterium responsible for photosynthesis and respiration and investigated the
Determining alcoholic fermentation in wine is critical to the wine-making process. Must/wine density is a good indicator of the fermentation point, since the density value decreases as sugars are converted into alcohol. For decades, winemakers have measured must/wine density with a hydrometer.
What are the treatments for a designed study with two factors, one qualitative with two levels (A and B) and one quantitative with five levels (50, 60, 70, 80, and 90)?
According to a University of Florida veterinary researcher, the longer a beachgoer sits in wet sand or stays in the water, the higher the risk of gastroenteritis. The result is based on a study of more than 1,000 adults conducted at three popular Florida beaches. The adults were divided into three
Refer to the Evolutionary Ecology Research (July 2003) study of extinction in the New Zealand bird population, presented in Exercise. Recall that biologists measured the body mass (in grams) and type of habitat (aquatic, ground terrestrial, or aerial terrestrial) for each bird species. One
Chronic Achilles tendon pain (i.e., tendinosis) is common among middle-aged recreational athletes. A group of Swedish physicians investigated the use of heavy-load eccentric calf muscle training to treat Achilles tendinosis (British Journal of Sports Medicine, Feb. 1, 2004). A sample of 25 patients
In Teaching of Psychology (Aug. 1998), a study investigated whether final exam performance is affected by whether or not students take a practice test. Students in an introductory psychology class at Pennsylvania State University were initially divided into three groups based on their class
The ANOVA method is robust when the assumption of normality is not exactly satisfied in a completely randomized design.
Find the following probabilities: a. P(F ≤ 3.48) for v1 = 5, v2 = 9 b. P(F>3.09) for v1 = 15, v2 = 20 c. P(F>2.40) for v1 = 15, v2 = 15 d. P(F ≤ 1.83) for v1 = 8, v2 = 40
Conduct a two-sample t–test (Section 9.2) of the null hypothesis that the two treatment means are equal for each dot plot. Use α = .05 and two-tailed tests. In the course of the test, compare each of the following with the F -tests in Exercise 10.21:a. The pooled variances and the MSEsb. The t -
A partially completed ANOVA table for a completely randomized design is shown here:a. Complete the ANOVA table.b. How many treatments are involved in the experiment?c. Do the data provide sufficient evidence to indicate a difference among the population means? Test, using Î± = .10.d. Find the
The data in the following table (saved in the LM10_26 file) resulted from an experiment that utilized a completely randomized design:a. Use statistical software (or the formulas in Appendix B) to complete the following ANOVA table:b. Test the null hypothesis that µ1 = µ2 = µ3, where mi
Entanglement of marine mammals (e.g., whales) in fishing gear is considered a significant threat to the species. A study published in Marine Mammal Science (April 2010) investigated the type of net most likely to entangle a certain species of whale inhabiting the East Sea of Korea. A sample of 207
Refer to the Trends in Biomaterials & Artificial Organs (Jan. 2003) study of a new bonding adhesive for teeth, presented in Exercise. Recall that the new adhesive (called “Smartbond”) has been developed to eliminate the necessity of a dry field. In one portion of the study, 30 extracted teeth
Refer to Fortune (Oct. 16, 2008) magazine€™s study of the 50 most powerful women in business in America, ExerciseRecall that data on age (in years) and title of each of these 50 women are stored in the WPOWER50 file. Suppose you want to compare the average ages of the most powerful
Does coffee or some other form of stimulation (e.g., an incentive to stop when seeing a flashing red light on a car) really allow a person suffering from alcohol intoxication to €œsober up€? Psychologists from the University of Waterloo investigated the matter in Experimental and Clinical
Psychologists at Lancaster University (United Kingdom) evaluated three methods of name retrieval in a controlled setting (Journal of Experimental Psychology€”Applied, June 2000). A sample of 139 students was randomly divided into three groups, and each group of students used a different
Refer to the American Heart Association Conference (Nov. 2005) study to gauge whether animal-assisted therapy can improve the physiological responses of heart failure patients, presented in Exercise. Recall that 76 heart patients were randomly assigned to one of three groups. Each patient in group
Consider a completely randomized design with five treatments: A, B, C, D, and E. The ANOVA F-test revealed significant differences among the means. A multiple-comparison procedure was used to compare all possible pairs of treatment means at Î± = .05. The ranking of the five treatment
Refer to the Marine Mammal Science (April 2010) investigation of whales entangled by fishing gear, Exercise. The mean body lengths (meters) of whales entangled in each of the three types of fishing gear (set nets, pots, and gill nets) are reported below. Tukey€™s method was used to
Refer to The Sport Journal (Winter 2004) study comparing the attitudes of Division I, Division II, and Division III college tennis coaches towards team Web sites as recruiting tools, presented in Exercise. The mean responses (measured on a seven-point scale) to the statement €œThe
Refer to the Trends in Biomaterials & Artificial Organs (Jan. 2003) study of a new bonding adhesive for teeth, presented in Exercise. A completely randomized design was used to compare the mean breaking strengths of teeth bonded for three different bonding times: 1 hour, 24 hours, and 48 hours.
Refer to the Journal of Applied Psychology (June 2002) completely randomized design study to compare the mean commercial recall scores of viewers of three TV programs, presented in Exercise 10.33 (p. 495). Recall that one program had a violent content code (V) rating, one had a sex content code (S)
Refer to the Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (Dec. 2007) study of treatments for children€™s cough symptoms, Exercise. The data are saved in the HONEYCOUGH file.In exerciseDo you agree with the statement (extracted from the article), €œhoney may be a preferable treatment for
The drug scopolamine is often used as a sedative to induce sleep in patients. In Behavioral Neuroscience (Feb. 2004), medical researchers examined scopolamine€™s effects on memory with associated word pairs. A total of 28 human subjects, recruited from a university community, were given a list
Refer to the American Heart Association Conference (Nov. 2005) study to gauge whether animal-assisted therapy can improve the physiological responses of heart failure patients, presented in Exercise. You found evidence of a difference among the treatment means for the three treatments: Group T
When is it advantageous to use a randomized block design over a completely randomized design?
A randomized block design yielded the ANOVA table shown here:a. How many blocks and treatments were used in this experiment? b. How many observations were collected in the experiment? c. Specify the null and alternative hypotheses you would use to compare the treatment means. d. What test statistic
Suppose an experiment utilizing a randomized block design has four treatments and nine blocks, for a total of 4 x 9 = 36 observations. Assume that the total sum of squares for the response is SS (Total) = 500. For each of the following partitions of SS(Total), test the null hypothesis that the
The Journal of Economic Psychology (Sept. 2008) published a study on high-stakes insurance decisions. In part A of the experiment, 84 subjects were informed of the hazards (both fire and theft) of owning a valuable painting, but were not told the exact probabilities of the hazards occurring. The
Refer to the British Journal of Sports Medicine (Feb. 1, 2004) study of chronic Achilles tendon pain, presented in Exercise. Recall that each in a sample of 25 patients with chronic Achilles tendinosis was treated with heavy-load eccentric calf muscle training. Tendon thickness (in millimeters) was
When evaluating research reports in health care, a popular tool is the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR). AMSTAR, which incorporates 11 items (questions), has been widely accepted by professional health associations. A group of dental researchers have revised the assessment tool
Eight amateur boxers participated in an experiment to investigate the effect of massage on boxing performance (British Journal of Sports Medicine, Apr. 2000). The punching power of each boxer (measured in new tons) was recorded in the round following each of four different interventions: (M1) in
A plant that manufactures denim jeans in the United Kingdom recently introduced a computerized automated handling system.The new system delivers garments to the assembly-line operators by means of an overhead conveyor. Although the automated system minimizes operator handling time, it inhibits
Science (Jan. 1, 1999) reported on the ability of seven-month-old infants to learn an unfamiliar language. In one experiment, 16 infants were trained in an artificial language. Then each infant was presented with two 3-word sentences that consisted entirely of new words (e.g., €œwo fe
The partially complete ANOVA table given here is for a two-factor factorial experiment:a. Give the number of levels for each factor.b. How many observations were collected for each factor€“level combination?c. Complete the ANOVA table.d. Test to determine whether the treatment means differ. Use
The following two-way table gives data for a 2 X 3 factorial experiment with two observations for each factor€“level combination.a. Identify the treatments for this experiment. Calculate and plot the treatment means, using the response variable as the y-axis and the levels of factor B as the
The following two-way table gives data for a 2 X 2 factorial experiment with two observations per factor€“level combination:a. Identify the treatments for this experiment. Calculate and plot the treatment means, using the response variable as the y -axis and the levels of factor B as the
Refer to the Journal of Abnormal Psychology (Feb. 2005) study of whether insomnia is related to education status, presented in Exercise. A random-digit telephone dialing procedure was employed to collect data on 575 study participants. In addition to insomnia status (normal sleeper or chronic
Refer to the Journal of Articles in Support of the Null Hypothesis (Vol. 6, 2009) study of video game players, Exercise. In a second experiment, the two groups of male psychology students€”32 video game players (VGP group) and 28 non-players (NVGP group)€”were subjected to the
In Robotica (Vol. 22, 2004), researchers described a study of the effectiveness of display devices for three virtual-reality (VR)-based hand rehabilitation systems. Display device A is a projector, device B is a desktop computer monitor, and device C is a head-mounted display. Twelve nondisabled
The Electronic Journal of Biotechnology (Dec. 15, 2003) published an article on a comparison of two yeast extracts: baker€™s yeast and brewer€™s yeast. Brewer€™s yeast is a surplus by-product obtained from a brewery; hence, it is less expensive than primary-grown baker€™s yeast.
In the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (May 2003), psychologists investigated the potentially harmful effects of violent music lyrics. The researchers theorized that listening to a song with violent lyrics will lead to more violent thoughts and actions. A total of 60 undergraduate
A completely randomized design is utilized to compare four treatment means. The data are shown in the accompanying table.a. Given that SST = 36.95 and SS(Total) = 62.55, complete an ANOVA table for this experiment. b. Is there evidence that the treatment means differ? Use Î± = .10.
The following table shows a partially completed ANOVA table for a two-factor factorial experiment:a. Complete the ANOVA table.b. How many levels were used for each factor? How many treatments were used? How many replications were performed?c. Find the value of the sum of squares for treatments.
An economist wants to compare the average monthly number of rotary oil rigs running in three states: California, Utah, and Alaska. In order to account for month-to-month variation, three months were randomly selected over a two-year period and the number of oil rigs running in each state in each
An experiment was conducted to examine the effects of alcohol on the marital interactions of husbands and wives (Journal of Abnormal Psychology, Nov. 1998). A total of 135 couples participated in the experiment. The husband in each couple was classified as aggressive (60 husbands) or nonaggressive
Refer to the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers data on contaminated fish, saved in the FISHDDT file. The results of an ANOVA and Tukey multiple-comparison analysis to compare the three fish species (channel catfish, largemouth bass, and smallmouth buffalo) on the dependent variable length (in
The phenomenon of road rage has received much media attention in recent years. Is a driver€™s propensity to engage in road rage related to his or her income? Researchers at Mississippi State University attempted to answer this question by conducting a survey of a representative sample of over
Infrasound refers to sound frequencies below the audibility range of the human ear. A study of the physiological effects of infrasound was published in the Journal of Low Frequency Noise, Vibration and Active Control (Mar. 2004). In the experiment, one group of five university students (Group A)
Most people are right handed due to the propensity of the left hemisphere of the brain to control sequential movement. Similarly, the fact that some tasks are performed better with the left hand is likely due to the superiority of the right hemisphere of the brain in processing the necessary
Using decoys is a common method of hunting waterfowl. A study in the Journal of Wildlife Management (July 1995) compared the effectiveness of three different types of decoy€”taxidermy-mounted decoys, plastic shell decoys, and full-bodied plastic decoys€”in attracting Canada geese to sunken
A species of Caribbean mosquito is known to be resistant against certain insecticides. The effectiveness of five different types of insecticides—temephos, malathion, fenitrothion, fenthion, and chlorpyrifos—in controlling this mosquito species was investigated in the Journal of the American
The cattle inhabiting the Biological Reserve of DoÃ±ana (Spain), live under free-range conditions, with virtually no human interference. The cattle population is organized into four herds (LGN, MTZ, PLC, and QMD). The Journal of Zoology (July 1995) investigated the ranging behavior of
Do you experience episodes of excessive eating accompanied by being overweight? If so, you may suffer from binge eating disorder. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), in which patients are taught how to make changes in specific behavior patterns (e.g., exercise, eat only low-fat foods), can be
Refer to the Teaching of Psychology (Aug. 1998) study of whether a practice test helps students prepare for a final exam, presented in Exercise. Recall that students in an introductory psychology class were grouped according to their class standing and whether they attended a review session or took
Give the slope and y -intercept for each of the lines graphed in Exercise 11.5. a. (1, 1) and (5, 5) b. (0, 3) and (3, 0) c. (-1, 1) and (4, 2) d. (-6, -3) and (2, 6)
Refer to Exercise 11.7. Find the equations of the lines that pass through the points listed in Exercise 11.5. In Exercise 11.5 a. (1, 1) and (5, 5) b. (0, 3) and (3, 0) c. 1-1, 12 and (4, 2) d. 1-6, -32 and (2, 6) In Exercise 11.7 The equation (deterministic) for a straight line is y = β0 +
Give the slope and y-intercept for each of the lines defined in Exercise 11.9. a. y = 4 + x b. y = 5 – 2x c. y = – 4 + 3x d. y = – 2x e. y = x f. y = .50 + 1.5x
Give two properties of the line estimated with the method of least squares.
The accompanying table is similar to Table. It is used to make the preliminary computations for finding the least squares line for the given pairs of x and y values.a. Complete the table.b. Find SSxy.c. Find SSxx.d. Find Î²-hat1.e. Find x-bar and y-bar.f. Find Î²-hat0.g. Find the least squares
Construct a scatterplot of the following data.a. Plot the following two lines on your scatterplot:y = 3 - x and y = 1 + xb. Which of these lines would you choose to characterize the relationship between x and y? Explain.c. Show that the sum of errors for both of these lines equals 0.d. Which of
Do nice guys really finish last? In baseball, there is an old saying that "nice guys finish last." Is this true in the competitive corporate world? Researchers at Harvard University attempted to answer this question and reported their results in Nature (March 20, 2008). In the study, Boston-area
Writing in Chance (Fall 2004), University of Konstanz (Germany) statistics professor Jan Beran demonstrated that certain aspects of music can be described by quantitative models. For example, the information content of a musical composition (called entropy) can be quantified by determining how many
Refer to the Journal of Biogeography (Dec. 2003) study of ants in Mongolia, presented in Exercise. Data on annual rainfall, maximum daily temperature, and number of ant species recorded at each of 11 study sites are listed in the table and saved in the GOBIANTS file.a. Consider a straight-line
An investigation of the properties of bricks used to line aluminum smelter pots was published in The American Ceramic Society Bulletin (Feb. 2005). Six different commercial bricks were evaluated. The life span of a smelter pot depends on the porosity of the brick lining (the less porosity, the
a. Propose a straight-line model relating math score (y) to percentage (x) of students below the poverty level. b. Use the method of least squares to fit the model to the data in the FCAT file. c. Graph the least squares line on a scatterplot of the data. Is there visual evidence of a relationship
The quality of the orange juice produced by a manufacturer is constantly monitored. There are numerous sensory and chemical components that combine to make the best-tasting orange juice. For example, one manufacturer has developed a quantitative index of the "sweetness" of orange juice. (The higher
Refer to the Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied (June 2000) study in which the "name game" was used to help groups of students learn the names of other students in the group, presented in Exercise. Recall that the "name game" requires the first student in the group to state his or her full
What are the four assumptions made about the probability distribution of ε in regression?
Suppose you fit a least squares line to 12 data points and the calculated value of SSE is .429. a. Find s2, the estimator of σ2 (the variance of the random error term ε). b. Find s, the estimate of σ. c. What is the largest deviation that you might expect between any one of the 12 points and the
Do nice guys really finish last? Refer to the Nature (March 20, 2008) study of whether "nice guys finish last," Recall that Boston-area college students repeatedly played a version of the game "prisoner's dilemma," where competitors choose cooperation, defection, or costly punishment. At the
The American Ceramic Society Bulletin (Feb. 2005) study of bricks that line aluminum smelter pots, You fit the simple linear regression model relating brick porosity (y) to mean pore diameter (x) to the data in the SMELTPOT file. a. Find an estimate of the standard deviation s of the model. b. In
Refer to the study of the quality of orange juice produced at a juice manufacturing plant, The data are saved in the OJUICE file. Recall that simple linear regression was used to predict the sweetness index (y) from the amount of pectin (x) in orange juice manufactured during a production run. a.
To improve the quality of the output of any production process, it is necessary first to understand the capabilities of the process (For example, see Gitlow, H., Quality Management Systems: A Practical Guide, 2000.) In a particular manufacturing process, the useful life of a cutting tool is
What conditions are required for valid inferences about the β’s in simple linear regression?
For each of the following 95% confidence intervals for β1 in simple linear regression, decide whether there is evidence of a positive or negative linear relationship between y and x: a. (22, 58) b. (-30, 111) c. (-45, -7)
Consider the following pairs of observations:a. Construct a scatterplot of the data.b. Use the method of least squares to fit a straight line to the seven data points in the table.c. Plot the least squares line on your scatterplot of part a.d. Specify the null and alternative hypotheses you would
What are the factors that allow a native Spanish-speaking person to understand and read English? A study published in the Bilingual Research Journal (Summer 2006) investigated the relationship of Spanish (first-language) grammatical knowledge to English (second-language) reading. The study involved
Refer to The Sport Journal (Winter 2007) study of a new method for ranking the total driving performance of golfers on the Professional Golf Association (PGA) tour, You fit a straight-line model relating driving accuracy (y) to driving distance (x) to the data saved in the PGADRIVER file. a. Give
Refer to the Chance (Summer 2008) study of the height of the ideal mate, Exercise. You used the data in the IDHEIGHT file to fit the simple linear regression model E(y) = β0 + β1x, where y = ideal partner's height (in inches) and x = student's height (in inches), for both males and females. a.
Refer to the British Journal of Sports Medicine (Apr. 2000) study of the effect of massage on boxing performance, presented in Exercise. Two other variables measured on the boxers were blood lactate concentration (in mM) and the boxer's perceived recovery (on a 28-point scale). On the basis of
Empathy refers to being able to understand and vicariously feel what others actually feel. Neuroscientists at University College of London investigated the relationship between brain activity and pain-related empathy in persons who watch others in pain (Science, Feb. 20, 2004). Sixteen couples
Refer to the Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied (June 2000) name-retrieval study, Recall that the goal of the study was to investigate the linear trend between proportions of names recalled (y) and position (order) of the student (x) during the "name game." Is there sufficient evidence (at
Refer to the Chemical Engineering Progress (Jan. 2005) study of the rate at which a spilled volatile liquid will spread across a surface, Recall that the data on mass of the spill and elapsed time is saved in the LIQUIDSPILL file.Is there sufficient evidence (at α = .05) to indicate that the mass
Describe the slope of the least squares line if a. r = .7 b. r = -.7 c. r = 0 d. r2 = .64
A value of the correlation coefficient near 1 or near -1 implies a causal relationship between x and y.

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