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Statistics 12th Edition James T. McClave, Terry T Sincich - Solutions

Refer to Exercise. Two MINITAB residual plots for the simple linear regression model are shown below.a. Which graph should be used to check for normal errors? Does the assumption of normality appear to be satisfied? b. Which graph should be used to check for unequal error variances? Does the
Refer to the National Semiconductor study of manufactured silicon wafer integrated circuit chips, Exercise. Recall that the failure times of the microchips (in hours) were determined at different solder temperatures (degrees Centigrade). The data are repeated in the table below and saved in the
Refer to the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers data on fish contaminated from the toxic discharges of a chemical plant located on the banks of the Tennessee River in Alabama, presented in Exercise. In that exercise, you fitted the first-order model E(y) = β0 + β1x1 + β2x2 + β3x3, where y = DDT level
Refer to the Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power (Jan. 2005) study of a high-pressure inlet fogging method for a gas turbine engine, presented in Exercise. Now consider the interaction model E(y) = β0 + β1x1 + β2x2 + β3x1x2 for heat rate (y) of a gas turbine as a function of cycle
Explain why stepwise regression is used. What is its value in the model-building process?
a. Write a first-order model relating E (y) to two quantitative independent variables x1 and x2. b. Write a complete second-order model.
Suppose you used MINITAB to fit the modely = Î²0 + Î²1x1 + Î²2x2 + ÎµTo n = 15 data points and you obtained the printout below.a. What is the least squares prediction equation?b. Find R2 and interpret its value.c. Is there sufficient evidence to indicate that the model is useful in
Suppose you fit the regression model E(y) = β0 + β1x1 + β2x2 + β3x22 + β4x1x2 + β5 x1 x22 to n = 35 data points and wish to test the null hypothesis H0: β4 = β5 = 0. a. State the alternative hypothesis. b. Explain in detail how to compute the F-statistic needed to test the null
An article published in the American Educational Research Journal (Fall 1998) used multiple regression to model the students’ perceptions of their ability in science classes. The sample consisted of 165 Grade 5–Grade 8 students in six performance-based science classrooms, all of which use
Where do you look when you are listening to someone speak? Researchers have discovered that listeners tend to gaze at the eyes or mouth of the speaker. In a study published in Perception & Psychophysics (Aug. 1998), subjects watched a videotape of a speaker giving a series of short monologues
To what degree do the attitudes of your peers influence your behavior? A study presented in Social Psychology Quarterly (Vol. 50, 1987) included a sample of n = 143 adult drinkers in an urban setting characterized by a high physical availability of alcoholic beverages. The goal of the study was to
The Professional Geographer (Feb. 2000) published a study of urban and rural counties in the western United States. The researchers used six independent variables€”total county population (x1), population density (x2), population concentration (x3), population growth (x4), proportion of
A study was conducted to identify accounting choice variables that influence a manager’s decision to change the level of the deferred tax asset allowance at a firm (The Engineering Economist, Jan./Feb. 2004). Data were collected on a sample of 329 firms that reported deferred tax assets. The
Fluorocarbon plasmas are used in the production of semiconductor materials. In the Journal of Applied Physics (Dec. 1, 2000), electrical engineers at Nagoya University (Japan) studied the kinetics of fluorocarbon plasmas in order to optimize material processing. In one portion of the study, the
Which insect repellents protect best against mosquitoes? Periodically, consumer groups conduct tests to compare insect repellents (e.g., Consumer Reports, June 2000). Consider a similar study of 14 popular mosquito repellents. Each product was classified as either an aerosol spray or as a lotion.
Excessive exposure to solar radiation is known to increase the risk of developing skin cancer, yet many people do not practice “sun safety.” A group of University of Arizona researchers examined the feasibility of educating preschool (four- to five-year-old) children about sun safety (American
Do grizzly bears segregate on the basis of sex? One hypothesis is that female grizzlies avoid male-occupied habitats because of competition for food and cannibalism. A competing theory is that females do not avoid males, but simply have different habitats available to them. These hypotheses were
A physiologist wishes to investigate the relationship between the physical characteristics of preadolescent boys and their maximum oxygen uptake (measured in milliliters of oxygen per kilogram of body weight). The data below (saved in the BOYS10 file) were collected on a random sample of 10
Surface albedo is defined as the ratio of solar energy directed upward from a surface over energy incident upon the surface. Surface albedo is a critical climatological parameter of sea ice. The National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) collects data on the albedo, depth, and physical
The Bell Curve (New York: Free Press, 1994) by Richard Herrnstein and Charles Murray (H&M), a controversial book about race, genes, IQ, and economic mobility. The book heavily employs statistics and statistical methodology in an attempt to support the authors’ positions on the relationships
Use Table VII of Appendix A to find the following probabilities: a. P(x2≤ 1.063623) for df = 4 b. P(x2 > 30.5779) for df = 15 c. P(x2 ≥ 82.3581) for df = 100 d. P(x2 < 18.4926) for df = 30
A multinomial experiment with k = 3 cells and n = 320 produced the data shown in the accompanying table. Do these data provide sufficient evidence to contradict the null hypothesis that p1 = .25, p2 = .25, and p3 = .50? Test, using Î± = .05.
A multinomial experiment with k = 4 cells and n = 400 produced the data shown in the accompanying table. Do these data provide sufficient evidence to contradict the null hypothesis that p1 = .2, p2 = .4, p3 = .1, and p4 = .3?Test, using Î± = .05.
The Journal of Natural History (May 2010) published the results of a study that investigated which of six species of slime molds are most attractive to beetles inhabiting an Atlantic rain forest. A sample of 19 beetles feeding on slime mold was obtained and the species of slime mold was determined
Refer to the Museum Management and Curatorship (June 2010) worldwide survey of 30 leading museums of contemporary art, Exercise. Recall that each museum manager was asked to provide the performance measure used most often for internal evaluation. A summary of the results is provided in the table
Refer to the Teaching Sociology (July 2006) study of the fieldwork methods used by qualitative sociologists, presented in Exercise. Recall that fieldwork methods can be categorized as follows: Interview, Observation plus Participation, Observation Only, and Grounded Theory. The accompanying table
Refer to the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) collection of data on 504 ice melt ponds in the Canadian Arctic, presented in Exercise. The data are saved in the PONDICE file. One variable of interest to environ mental engineers studying the ponds is the type of ice observed in each. Ice
Do those elected to the U.S. House of Representatives really "rep resent" their constituents demographically? This was a question of interest in Chance (Summer 2002). One of several demographics studied was religious affiliation. The accompanying table (saved in the USHOUSE file) gives the
Find the rejection region for a test of independence of two classifications for which the contingency table contains r rows and c columns and a. r = 5, c = 5, a = .05 b. r = 3, c = 6, a = .10 c. r = 2, c = 3, a = .01
Refer to Exercise 13.25.a. Convert the frequency responses to percentages by calculating the percentage of each column total falling in each row. Also, convert the row totals to percentages of the total number of responses. Display the percentages in a table. b. Create a bar graph with row 1
Refer to Exercise. Convert the responses to percent ages by calculating the percentage of each B class total falling into each A classification. Also, calculate the percentage of the total number of responses that constitute each of the A classification totals.a. Create a bar graph with row A1
Refer to the Applied Psychology in Criminal Justice (April 2010) study of mug shot choices by eyewitnesses to a crime, Exercise. Recall that a sample of 96 college students was shown a video of a simulated theft, then asked to select the mug shot that most closely resembled the thief. The students
"Frontier medicine" is a term used to describe medical therapies (e.g., energy healing, therapeutic prayer, spiritual healing) for which there is no plausible explanation. The Lancet (July 16, 2005) published the results of a study designed to test the effectiveness of two types of frontier
Researchers at Alion Science Corporation and New Mexico State University collaborated on a study of how air traffic controllers respond to false alarms (Human Factors , Aug. 2009). The researchers theorize that the high rate of false alarms regarding midair collisions leads to the "cry wolf"
Refer to the Journal of Consumer Research (Mar. 2003) study on influencing the choices of others by offering undesirable alternatives, presented in Exercise. In another experiment con ducted by the researcher, 96 subjects were asked to imagine that they had just moved to an apartment with two
In an experiment described in the Journal of Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Statistics (Dec. 2000), bins of corn were stocked with various parasites (e.g., grain moths) in late winter. In early summer (June), three bowl-shaped traps were placed on the surface of the grain in order to
The traits of seed-bearing plants indigenous to subarctic Finland were studied in Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research (May 2004). Plants were categorized according to type (dwarf shrub, herb, or grass), abundance of seedlings (no seedlings, rare seedlings, or abundant seedlings), regenerative
The effect of guilt emotion on how a decision maker focuses on the problem was investigated in the Jan. 2007 issue of the Journal of Behavioral Decision Making. A total of 171 volunteer students participated in the experiment, where each was randomly assigned to one of three emotional states
You solved the game show problem of whether or not to switch your choice of three doors, one of which hides a prize, after the host reveals what is behind a door that is not chosen. (Despite the natural inclination of many to keep one's first choice, the correct answer is that you should switch
What is the difference between a one-way chi-square analysis and a two-way chi-square analysis?
A random sample of 150 observations was classified into the categories shown in the following table:a. Do the data provide sufficient evidence that the categories are not equally likely? Use a = .10. b. Form a 90% confidence interval for p2, the probability that an observation will fall into
Inc. Technology (Mar. 18, 1997) reported the results of an Equifax/Harris Consumer Privacy Survey in which 328 Internet users indicated their level of agreement with the following statement: "The government needs to be able to scan Internet messages and user communications to prevent fraud and
Studies of children with reading disabilities typically focus on "early-emerging" difficulties identified prior to the fourth grade. Psychologists at Haskins Laboratories recently studied children with"late-emerging" reading difficulties (i.e., children who appeared to undergo a fourth-grade
Refer to the Journal of Global Business (Spring 2002) study of what "Made in the USA" on product labels means to the typical consumer, presented in Exercise 2.179 (p. 99). Recall that 106 shoppers participated in the survey. Their responses, given as a percentage of U.S. labor and materials in four
Butterfly hot spots. Nature (Sept. 1993) reported on a study of animal and plant species "hot spots" in Great Britain. A hot spot is defined as a 10-km2 area that is species rich-that is, heavily populated by a species of interest. Analogously, a cold spot is a 10-km2 area that is species poor. The
An article in Sociological Methods & Research (May 2001) analyzed the data presented in the accompanying table. A sample of 262 Kansas pig farmers was classified according to their education level (college or not) and size of their pig farm (number of pigs). The data are saved in the PIGFARM file.
Offshore oil drilling near an Alaskan estuary has led to increased air traffic-mostly large helicopters-in the area. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service commissioned a study to investigate the impact these helicopters have on the flocks of Pacific brant geese that inhabit the estuary in the fall
The National Gang Crime Research Center (NGCRC) has developed a six-level gang classification system for both adults and juveniles. The six categories are shown in the accompanying table. The classification system was developed as a potential predictor of a gang member's propensity for violence in
Human Factors (Dec. 1988) published a study of color brightness as a body orientation clue. Ninety college students reclining on their backs in the dark were disoriented when positioned on a rotating platform under a slowly rotating disk that blocked their field of vision. The subjects were asked
In order to evaluate their situational awareness, fighter aircraft pilots participate in battle simulations. At a random point in the trial, the simulator is frozen and data on situational awareness are immediately collected. The simulation is then continued until, ultimately, performance (e.g.,
Suppose a random variable is hypothesized to be normally distributed with a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1. A random sample of 200 observations of the variable yields frequencies in the intervals listed in the table shown below. Do the data provide sufficient evidence to contradict the
What is the probability that a randomly selected observation exceeds thea. Mean of a normal distribution?b. Median of a normal distribution?c. Mean of a non-normal distribution?d. Median of a non-normal distribution?
Do nice guys finish first or last? Refer to the Nature (March 20, 2008) study of whether the saying "nice guys finish last" applies to the competitive corporate world,
Consider the following sample of 10 measurements, saved in the LM14_4 file.Use these data, the binomial tables (Table II, Appendix A), v and Î± = .05 to conduct each of the following sign tests:a. H0: h = 9 versus Ha: h 7 9b. H0: h = 9 versus Ha: h î€€ 9c. H0: h = 20 versus Ha: h 6 20d. H0:
Scientists at the University Of Florida College Of Medicine investigated the level of caffeine in 16-ounce cups of Starbucks coffee (Journal of Analytical Toxicology, Oct. 2003). In one phase of the experiment, cups of Starbucks Breakfast Blend (a mix of Latin American coffees) were purchased on
In The American Statistician (May 2001), the nonparametric sign test was used to analyze data on the quality of white shrimp. One measure of shrimp quality is cohesiveness. Since freshly caught shrimp are usually stored on ice, there is concern that cohesiveness will deteriorate after storage. For
Crab spiders hiding on flowers. Refer to the Behavioral Ecology (Jan. 2005) field study on the natural camouflage of crab spiders, presented in Exercise 2.38 (p. 47). Ecologists collected a sample of 10 adult female crab spiders, each sit ting on the yellow central part of a daisy, and measured the
Refer to the Environmental Geology (Vol. 58, 2009) simulation study of how far a block from a collapsing rockwall will bounce down a soil slope, Recall that the variable of interest was rebound length (measured in meters) of the falling block. Based on the depth, location, and angle of block-soil
To improve survival and reproductive success, many species of fish have an evolved migration history. In one migration study of guppy populations (Zoological Science, Vol. 6, 1989), adult female guppies were placed in the left compartment of an experimental aquarium tank divided in half by a glass
What conditions are required for a valid application of the Wilcoxon rank sum test?
Suppose you want to compare two treatments, A and B. In particular, you wish to determine whether the distribution for population B is shifted to the right of the distribution for population A. You plan to use the Wilcoxon rank sum test.a. Specify the null and alternative hypotheses you would
Random samples of sizes n1 = 16 and n2 = 12 were drawn from populations 1 and 2, respectively. The measurements obtained are listed in the next table (p. 14-16) and saved in the LM14_22 file.a. Conduct a hypothesis test to determine whether the probability distribution for population 2 is shifted
Short Message Service (SMS) is the formal name for the communication service that allows the interchange of short text messages between mobile telephone devices. About 75% of mobile phone subscribers worldwide send or receive SMS text messages. Consequently, SMS provides a opportunity for direct
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles are used for carbonated beverages. A criti cal property of PET bottles is their bursting strength (i.e., the pressure at which bottles filled with water burst when pressurized). In the Journal of Data Science (May 2003), researchers measured the bursting
Refer to the Journal of Advertising (Spring 2006) study of children's recall of television advertisements, presented in Exercise 9.15 (p. 424). Two groups of children were shown a 60-second commercial for Sunkist Fun Fruit Rock-n-Roll Shapes. One group (the A/V group) was shown both the audio and
Refer to the Academy of Management Journal (Oct. 2007) study on rudeness in the workplace, Exercise 9.26 (p. 427). Recall that 98 college students enrolled in a management course were randomly assigned to one of two experimental conditions: rudeness condition (where the students were berated by a
The term brood-parasitic intruder is used to describe a bird that searches for and lays eggs in a nest built by a bird of another species. For example, the brown-headed cowbird is known to be a brood parasite of the smaller willow flycatcher. Ornithologists theorize that those flycatchers which
Explain the difference between the one-and two-tailed versions of the Wilcoxon signed rank test for the paired difference experiment.
Specify the test statistic and the rejection region for the Wilcoxon signed rank test for the paired difference design in each of the following situations: a. H0: Two probability distributions, A and B, are identical Ha: The probability distribution for population A is shifted to the right or left
Suppose you wish to test a hypothesis that two treatments, A and B, are equivalent against the alternative that the responses for A tend to be larger than those for B. a. If the number of pairs equals 25, give the rejection region for the large-sample Wilcoxon signed rank test for a = .05. b.
A random sample of nine pairs of measurements is shown in the following table (saved in the LM14_40 file).a. Use the Wilcoxon signed rank test to determine wheth er the data provide sufficient evidence to indicate that the probability distribution for population 1 is shifted to the right of the
Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication (Apr.2004) study comparing people who interact via computer mediated communication (CMC) with those who meet face- to-face (FTF), presented in Exercise. Relational intimacy scores (measured on a seven-point scale) were obtained for each participant after
Refer to the June 2007 Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) study of a newly adopted photo-red-light enforcement program, Exercise. Recall that the VDOT provided crash data both before and after installation of red light cameras at several intersections. The data (measured as the number of
Refer to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) new-car crash test data saved in the CRASH file. In Exercise, you compared the chest injury ratings of drivers and front seat passengers by using the Student's t-procedure for matched pairs. Suppose you want to make the comparison
According to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Office of Protected Species, sea turtle nesting rates have declined in all parts of the southeastern United States over the past 10 years. Environmentalists theorize that beach nourishment may improve the nesting rates of these
Eleven prisoners of war during the war in Croatia were evaluated for neurological impairment after their release from a Serbian detention camp (Collegium Antropologicum, June 1997). All 11 experienced blows to the head and neck and/or loss of consciousness during imprisonment. Neurological
Is the probability of a bowler rolling a strike higher after he has thrown four consecutive strikes? An investigation into the phenomenon of a "hot hand" in bowling was published in The American Statistician (Feb. 2004). Frame-by-frame results were collected on 43 professional bowlers from the
Which of the following results would lead you to conclude that the treatments in a balanced completely randomized design have distributions that differ in location?a. The rank sums for all treatments are about equal.b. The rank sum for one treatment is much larger than the rank sum for all other
Data were collected from three populations- A, B, and C, -by means of a completely randomized design. The following describes the sample data:nA = nB = nC = 15RA = 235 RB = 439 RC = 361a. Specify the null and alternative hypotheses that should be used in conducting a test of hypothesis to determine
Refer to the Journal of Applied Psychology (June 2002) study of the recall of the content of television commercials, In a designed experiment, 324 adults were randomly assigned to one of three viewer groups: (1) Watch a TV program with a violent content code (V) rating, (2) watch a show with a sex
Refer to the Food Chemistry (Vol. 106, 2008) study of commercial eggs produced from different housing systems for chickens, Exercise. Recall that the four housing systems investigated were (1) cage, (2) barn, (3) free range, and (4) organic. Twenty-eight commercial grade A eggs were randomly
Refer to the International Journal of Obesity (Jan. 2007) study of the physiological changes that accompany laughter, presented in Exercise. Recall that pairs of subjects watched film clips designed to evoke laughter. In addition to heart rate, the researchers measured the duration of laughter
Refer to the American Journal of Science (Jan. 2005) study of the chemical makeup of buried tills (glacial drifts) in Wisconsin, Recall that till specimens were obtained from five different boreholes (labeled UMRB-1, UMRB-2, UMRB-3, SWRA, and SD), and the ratio of aluminum to beryllium was measured
Refer to the Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (Dec. 2007) study of honey as a children's cough remedy, In addition to the two experimental groups of children with an upper respiratory tract infection-one which was given a dosage of dextromethorphan (DM) and the other a similar dose of
What conditions are required for a valid application of the Friedman Fr-test?
Suppose you have used a randomized block design to help you compare the effectiveness of three different treatments: A, B, and C. You obtained the data given in the next table (saved in the LM14_70 file) and plan to conduct a Friedman Fr-test.a. Specify the null and alternative hypotheses you will
The Open Dentistry Journal (Vol. 4, 2010) published a study on a revised tool for assessing research reports in health care. Recall that the assessment tool was validated on five systematic reviews (named R1, R2, R3, R4, and R5) on rheumatoid arthritis. For each review, scores on the 11 items in
A review of farmer involvement in agricultural research was presented in the Journal of Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Statistics (Mar. 2001). In one study, each of six farmers ranked the level of farm production constraint imposed by five conditions: drought, pest damage, weed
Refer to the Chance (Summer 2009) investigation into "topsy-turvy" college football seasons, Exercise. Recall that statisticians created a formula for determining a weekly "topsy-turvy" (TT) index, designed to measure the degree to which the top 25 ranked teams changed from the previous week. The
Refer to the Kansas State study designed to investigate the effects of plants on human stress levels, Exercise. Recall that finger temperatures for each of ten students in a dimly lit room were recorded under three experimental conditions: presence of a live plant, presence of a plant photo, and
Use Table XIV of Appendix A to find each of the following probabilities: a. P(rs > .508) when n = 22 b. P(rs > .448) when n = 28 c. P(rs ≤ 648) when n = 10 d. P(rs < -.738 or rs > .738) when n = 8
Compute Spearman's rank correlation coefficient for each of the following pairs of sample observations:a.b. c. d.
Refer to the Journal of Biogeography (Dec. 2003) study of ants in Mongolia, presented in Exercise. Data on annual rainfall, maximum daily temperature, and number of ant species recorded at each of 11 study sites are reproduced in the table below and saved in the GOBIANTS file.a. Consider the data
Refer to the Bulletin of Marine Science (April 2010) study of teams of fishermen fishing for the red spiny lobster in Baja California Sur, Mexico, Exercise. Recall that two variables measured for each of 8 teams from the Punta Abreojos (PA) fishing cooperative were total catch of lobsters (in
Biometric technologies have been developed to detect or verify an individual's identity. These methods are based on physiological characteristics (called biometric signatures), such as facial features, the iris of the eye, fingerprints, the voice, the shape of the hand, and the gait. In Chance
Refer to the Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied (June 2000) study in which the "name game" was used to help groups of students learn the names of other students in the group, Recall that one goal of the study was to investigate the relationship between proportion y of names recalled by a
Refer to the Science (Feb. 20, 2004) study on the relationship between brain activity and pain-related empathy in persons who watch others in pain, presented in Exercise. Recall that 16 female partners watched while painful stimulation was applied to the finger of their respective male partners.
How does a nonparametric test differ from the parametric t-and F-tests of Chapters?
The data for three independent random samples are shown in the table and saved in the LM14_100 file. It is known that the sampled populations are not normally distributed. Use an appropriate test to determine whether the data provide sufficient evidence to indicate that at least two of the
Two independent random samples produced the measurements listed in the next table. Do the data (saved in the LM14_102 file) provide sufficient evidence to conclude that there is a difference between the locations of the probability distributions for the sampled populations? Test, using a = .05.

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