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physics
thermodynamics

Fundamentals of Thermodynamics 6th edition Richard E. Sonntag, Claus Borgnakke, Gordon J. Van Wylen - Solutions

An insulated gas turbine receives a mixture of 10% CO2, 10% H2O and 80% N2 on a mole basis at 1000 K, 500 kPa. The volume flow rate is 2 m3/s and its exhaust is at 700 K, 100 kPa. Find the power output in kW using constant specific heat from A.5 at 300 K.
Solve Problem 12.41 using the values of enthalpy from Table A.9.Problem 12.41An insulated gas turbine receives a mixture of 10% CO2, 10% H2O and 80% N2 on a mole basis at 1000 K, 500 kPa. The volume flow rate is 2 m3/s and its exhaust is at 700 K, 100 kPa. Find the power output in kW using constant
A piston/cylinder device contains 0.1 kg of a mixture of 40 % methane and 60 % propane gases by mass at 300 K and 100 kPa. The gas is now slowly compressed in an isothermal (T = constant) process to a final pressure of 250 kPa. Show the process in a P-V diagram and find both the work and heat
Consider Problem 12.39 and find the value for the mixture heat capacity, mass basis and the mixture ratio of specific heats, kmix, both estimated at 850 K from values (differences) of h in Table A.8. With these values make an estimate for the reversible adiabatic exit temperature of the turbine at
Consider Problem 12.41 and find the value for the mixture heat capacity, mole basis and the mixture ratio of specific heats, kmix, both estimated at 850 K from values (differences) of h in Table A.9. With these values make an estimate for the reversible adiabatic exit temperature of the turbine at
A mixture of 0.5 kg nitrogen and 0.5 kg oxygen is at 100 kPa, 300 K in a piston cylinder keeping constant pressure. Now 800 kJ is added by heating. Find the final temperature and the increase in entropy of the mixture using Table A.5 values.
A mixture of 0.5 kg nitrogen and 0.5 kg oxygen is at 100 kPa, 300 K in a piston cylinder keeping constant pressure. Now 800 kJ is added by heating. Find the final temperature and the increase in entropy of the mixture using Table A.8 values.
New refrigerant R-410a is a mixture of R-32 and R-125 in a 1:1 mass ratio. A process brings 0.5 kg R-410a from 270 K to 320 K at a constant pressure 250 kPa in a piston cylinder. Find the work and heat transfer.
A piston/cylinder contains 0.5 kg argon and 0.5 kg hydrogen at 300 K, 100 kPa. The mixture is compressed in an adiabatic process to 400 kPa by an external force on the piston. Find the final temperature, the work and the heat transfer in the process.
A flow of oxygen and one of nitrogen, both 300 K, are mixed to produce 1 kg/s air at 300 K, 100 kPa. What are the mass and volume flow rates of each line?
Natural gas as a mixture of 75% methane and 25% ethane by mass is flowing to a compressor at 17°C, 100 kPa. The reversible adiabatic compressor brings the flow to 250 kPa. Find the exit temperature and the needed work per kg flow.
A mixture of 2 kg oxygen and 2 kg of argon is in an insulated piston cylinder arrangement at 100 kPa, 300 K. The piston now compresses the mixture to half its initial volume. Find the final pressure, temperature and the piston work.
The substance R-410a, see Problem 12.48 is at 100 kPa, 290 K. It is now brought to 250 kPa, 400 K in a reversible polytropic process. Find the change in specific volume, specific enthalpy and specific entropy for the process.
Two insulated tanks A and B are connected by a valve. Tank A has a volume of 1 m3 and initially contains argon at 300 kPa, 10°C. Tank B has a volume of 2 m3 and initially contains ethane at 200 kPa, 50°C. The valve is opened and remains open until the resulting gas mixture comes to a uniform
A compressor brings R-410a (see problem 12.48) from –10°C, 125 kPa up to 500 kPa in an adiabatic reversible compression. Assume ideal gas behavior and find the exit temperature and the specific work.
A mixture of 50% carbon dioxide and 50% water by mass is brought from 1500 K, 1 MPa to 500 K, 200 kPa in a polytropic process through a steady state device. Find the necessary heat transfer and work involved using values from Table A.5.
Solve Problem 12.55 using specific heats CP = ∆h/∆T, from Table A.8 at 1000 K. A mixture of 50% carbon dioxide and 50% water by mass is brought from 1500 K, 1 MPa to 500 K, 200 kPa in a polytropic process through a steady state device. Find the necessary heat transfer and work involved using
A 50/50 (by mass) gas mixture of methane CH4 and ethylene C2H4 is contained in a cylinder/piston at the initial state 480 kPa, 330 K, 1.05 m3. The piston is now moved, compressing the mixture in a reversible, polytropic process to the final state 260 K, 0.03 m3. Calculate the final pressure, the
The gas mixture from Problem 12.31 is compressed in a reversible adiabatic process from the initial state in the sample cylinder to a volume of 0.2 L. Determine the final temperature of the mixture and the work done during the process.
A flow of 2 kg/s mixture of 50% CO2 and 50% O2 by mass is heated in a constant pressure heat exchanger from 400 K to 1000 K by a radiation source at 1400 K. Find the rate of heat transfer and the entropy generation in the process.
A flow of gas A and a flow of gas B are mixed in a 1:1 mole ratio with same T. What is the entropy generation per kmole flow out?
Carbon dioxide gas at 320 K is mixed with nitrogen at 280 K in an insulated mixing chamber. Both flows are at 100 kPa and the mass ratio of carbon dioxide to nitrogen is 2:1. Find the exit temperature and the total entropy generation per kg of the exit mixture.
Take Problem 12.60 with inlet temperature of 1400 K for the carbon dioxide and 300 K for the nitrogen. First estimate the exit temperature with the specific heats from Table A.5 and use this to start iterations using A.8 to find the exit temperature.
Carbon dioxide gas at 320 K is mixed with nitrogen at 280 K in an insulated mixing chamber. Both flows are coming in at 100 kPa and the mole ratio of carbon dioxide to nitrogen is 2:1. Find the exit temperature and the total entropy generation per kmole of the exit mixture.
Take Problem 12.62 with inlet temperature of 1400 K for the carbon dioxide and 300 K for the nitrogen. First estimate the exit temperature with the specific heats from Table A.5 and use this to start iterations using A.9 to find the exit temperature.
The only known sources of helium are the atmosphere (mole fraction approximately 5 × 10-6) and natural gas. A large unit is being constructed to separate 100 m3/s of natural gas, assumed to be 0.001 He mole fraction and 0.999 CH4. The gas enters the unit at 150 kPa, 10°C. Pure helium exits at 100
A flow of 1 kg/s carbon dioxide at 1600 H, 100 kPa is mixed with a flow of 2 kg/s water at 800 H, 100 kPa and after the mixing it goes through a heat exchanger where it is cooled to 500 H by a 400 H ambient. How much heat transfer is taken out in the heat exchanger? What is the entropy generation
A mixture of 60% helium and 40% nitrogen by mass enters a turbine at 1 MPa, 800 H at a rate of 2 kg/s. The adiabatic turbine has an exit pressure of 100 kPa and an isentropic efficiency of 85%. Find the turbine work.
Repeat Problem 12.50 for an isentropic compressor efficiency of 82%. Problem 12.50 Natural gas as a mixture of 75% methane and 25% ethane by mass is flowing to a compressor at 17°C, 100 kPa. The reversible adiabatic compressor brings the flow to 250 kPa. Find the exit temperature and the needed
A large air separation plant takes in ambient air (79% N2, 21% O2 by mole) at 100 kPa, 20°C, at a rate of 25 kg/s. It discharges a stream of pure O2 gas at 200 kPa, 100°C, and a stream of pure N2 gas at 100 kPa, 20°C. The plant operates on an electrical power input of 2000 kW. Calculate
A steady flow of 0.3 kg/s of 50% carbon dioxide and 50% water by mass at 1200K and 200 kPa is used in a heat exchanger where 300 kW is extracted from the flow. Find the flow exit temperature and the rate of change of entropy using Table A.8.
A rigid container has 1 kg argon at 300 K and 1 kg argon at 400 H both at 150 kPa. Now they are allowed to mix without any external heat transfer. What is final T, P? Is any s generated?
A steady flow of 0.01 kmol/s of 50% carbon dioxide and 50% water at 1200K and 200 kPa is used in a heat exchanger where 300 kW is extracted from the flow. Find the flow exit temperature and the rate of change of entropy using Table A.9.
A flow of 1.8 kg/s steam at 400 kPa, 400oC is mixed with 3.2 kg/s oxygen at 400 kPa, 400 K in a steady flow mixing-chamber without any heat transfer. Find the exit temperature and the rate of entropy generation.
A tank has two sides initially separated by a diaphragm. Side A contains 1 kg of water and side B contains 1.2 kg of air, both at 20°C, 100 kPa. The diaphragm is now broken and the whole tank is heated to 600°C by a 700°C reservoir. Find the final total pressure, heat transfer and total entropy
Three steady flows are mixed in an adiabatic chamber at 150 kPa. Flow one is 2 kg/s of O2 at 340 K, flow two is 4 kg/s of N2 at 280 H and flow three is 3 kg/s of CO2 at 310 K. All flows are at 150 kPa the same as the total exit pressure. Find the exit temperature and the rate of entropy generation
Reconsider the Problem 12.53, but let the tanks have a small amount of heat transfer so the final mixture is at 400 K. Find the final pressure, the heat transfer and the entropy change for the process.
Atmospheric air is at 100 kPa, 25oC and relative humidity 75%. Find the absolute humidity and the dew point of the mixture. If the mixture is heated to 30oC what is the new relative humidity?
Consider 100 m3 of atmospheric air which is an air–water vapor mixture at 100 kPa, 15°C, and 40% relative humidity. Find the mass of water and the humidity ratio. What is the dew point of the mixture?
The products of combustion are flowing through a heat exchanger with 12% CO2, 13% H2O and 75% N2 on a volume basis at the rate 0.1 kg/s and 100 kPa. What is the dew-point temperature? If the mixture is cooled 10°C below the dew-point temperature, how long will it take to collect 10 kg of liquid
A flow of 1 kg/s saturated moist air (relative humidity 100%) at 100 kPa, 10oC goes through a heat exchanger and comes out at 25oC. What is the exit relative humidity and how much power is needed?
A new high-efficiency home heating system includes an air-to-air heat exchanger which uses energy from outgoing stale air to heat the fresh incoming air. If the outside ambient temperature is -10°C and the relative humidity is 30%, how much water will have to be added to the incoming air, if it
A rigid container has 1 kg CO2 at 300 K and 1 kg argon at 400 K both at 150 kPa. Now they are allowed to mix without any heat transfer. What is final T, P?
Consider a 1 m3/s flow of atmospheric air at 100 kPa, 25°C, and 80% relative humidity. Assume this flows into a basement room where it cools to 15°C, 100 kPa. How much liquid water will condense out?
A flow of 2 kg/s completely dry air at T1, 100 kPa is cooled down to 10°C by spraying liquid water at 10°C, 100 kPa into it so it becomes saturated moist air at 10°C. The process is steady state with no external heat transfer or work. Find the exit moist air humidity ratio and the flow rate of
A piston/cylinder has 100 kg of saturated moist air at 100 kPa, 5°C. If it is heated to 45°C in an isobaric process, find 1Q2 and the final relative humidity. If it is compressed from the initial state to 200 kPa in an isothermal process, find the mass of water condensing.
A saturated air-water vapor mixture at 20oC, 100 kPa, is contained in a 5-m3 closed tank in equilibrium with 1 kg of liquid water. The tank is heated to 80oC. Is there any liquid water in the final state? Find the heat transfer for the process.
Ambient moist air enters a steady-flow air-conditioning unit at 102 kPa, 30°C, with a 60% relative humidity. The volume flow rate entering the unit is 100 L/s. The moist air leaves the unit at 95 kPa, 15°C, with a relative humidity of 100%. Liquid condensate also leaves the unit at 15°C.
Consider a 500-L rigid tank containing an air–water vapor mixture at 100 kPa, 35°C, with a 70% relative humidity. The system is cooled until the water just begins to condense. Determine the final temperature in the tank and the heat transfer for the process.
Air in a piston/cylinder is at 35°C, 100 kPa and a relative humidity of 80%. It is now compressed to a pressure of 500 kPa in a constant temperature process. Find the final relative and specific humidity and the volume ratio V2/V1.
A 300-L rigid vessel initially contains moist air at 150 kPa, 40°C, with a relative humidity of 10%. A supply line connected to this vessel by a valve carries steam at 600 kPa, 200°C. The valve is opened, and steam flows into the vessel until the relative humidity of the resultant moist air
A rigid container, 10 m3 in volume, contains moist air at 45°C, 100 kPa, ϕ = 40%. The container is now cooled to 5°C. Neglect the volume of any liquid that might be present and find the final mass of water vapor, final total pressure and the heat transfer.
A water-filled reactor of 1 m3 is at 20 MPa, 360°C and located inside an insulated containment room of 100 m3 that contains air at 100 kPa and 25°C. Due to a failure the reactor ruptures and the water fills the containment room. Find the final pressure.
A flow of 1 kg/s argon at 300 K and another flow of 1 kg/s CO2 at 1600 K both at 150 kPa are mixed without any heat transfer. What is the exit T, P?
A flow moist air at 100 kPa, 40°C, 40% relative humidity is cooled to 15°C in a constant pressure device. Find the humidity ratio of the inlet and the exit flow, and the heat transfer in the device per kg dry air.
A flow, 0.2 kg/s dry air, of moist air at 40°C, 50% relative humidity flows from the outside state 1 down into a basement where it cools to 16°C, state 2. Then it flows up to the living room where it is heated to 25°C, state 3. Find the dew point for state 1, any amount of liquid that may
Two moist air streams with 85% relative humidity, both flowing at a rate of 0.1 kg/s of dry air are mixed in a steady setup. One inlet flowstream is at 32.5°C and the other at 16°C. Find the exit relative humidity.
The discharge moist air from a clothes dryer is at 35oC, 80% relative humidity. The flow is guided through a pipe up through the roof and a vent to the atmosphere. Due to heat transfer in the pipe the flow is cooled to 24oC by the time it reaches the vent. Find the humidity ratio in the flow out of
A steady supply of 1.0 m3/s air at 25°C, 100 kPa, 50% relative humidity is needed to heat a building in the winter. The outdoor ambient is at 10°C, 100 kPa, 50% relative humidity. What are the required liquid water input and heat transfer rates for this purpose?
A combination air cooler and dehumidification unit receives outside ambient air at 35°C, 100 kPa, 90% relative humidity. The moist air is first cooled to a low temperature T2 to condense the proper amount of water, assume all the liquid leaves at T2. The moist air is then heated and leaves the
Use the formulas and the steam tables to find the missing property of: ϕ, ω, and Tdry, total pressure is 100 kPa; repeat the answers using the psychrometric chart a. ϕ = 50%, ω = 0.010 b. Tdry = 25°C, Twet = 21°C
An insulated tank has an air inlet, ω1 = 0.0084, and an outlet, T2 = 22°C, ϕ2 = 90% both at 100 kPa. A third line sprays 0.25 kg/s of water at 80°C, 100 kPa. For steady operation find the outlet specific humidity, the mass flow rate of air needed and the required air inlet temperature, T1.
A flow of moist air from a domestic furnace, state 1, is at 45oC, 10% relative humidity with a flow rate of 0.05 kg/s dry air. A small electric heater adds steam at 100oC, 100 kPa generated from tap water at 15oC. Up in the living room the flow comes out at state 4: 30oC, 60% relative humidity.
A water-cooling tower for a power plant cools 45°C liquid water by evaporation. The tower receives air at 19.5°C, ϕ = 30%, 100 kPa that is blown through/over the water such that it leaves the tower at 25°C, ϕ = 70%. The remaining liquid water flows back to the condenser at 30°C having given
What is the rate of entropy increase in problem 12.8? Problem 12.8 A rigid container has 1 kg CO2 at 300 K and 1 kg argon at 400 K both at 150 kPa. Now they are allowed to mix without any heat transfer. What is final T, P?
A flow of air at 5°C, ϕ = 90%, is brought into a house, where it is conditioned to 25°C, 60% relative humidity. This is done with a combined heater-evaporator where any liquid water is at 10°C. Find any flow of liquid, and the necessary heat transfer, both per kilogram dry air flowing. Find the
In a car’s defrost/defog system atmospheric air, 21°C, relative humidity 80%, is taken in and cooled such that liquid water drips out. The now dryer air is heated to 41°C and then blown onto the windshield, where it should have a maximum of 10% relative humidity to remove water from the
Atmospheric air at 35°C, relative humidity of 10%, is too warm and also too dry. An air conditioner should deliver air at 21°C and 50% relative humidity in the amount of 3600 m3 per hour. Sketch a setup to accomplish this, find any amount of liquid (at 20°C) that is needed or discarded and any
One means of air-conditioning hot summer air is by evaporative cooling, which is a process similar to the adiabatic saturation process. Consider outdoor ambient air at 35°C, 100 kPa, 30% relative humidity. What is the maximum amount of cooling that can be achieved by such a technique? What
A flow of moist air at 45oC, 10% relative humidity with a flow rate of 0.2 kg/s dry air is mixed with a flow of moist air at 25oC, and absolute humidity of w = 0.018 with a rate of 0.3 kg/s dry air. The mixing takes place in an air duct at 100 kPa and there is no significant heat transfer. After
An indoor pool evaporates 1.512 kg/h of water, which is removed by a dehumidifier to maintain 21°C, ϕ = 70% in the room. The dehumidifier, shown in Fig. P12.105, is a refrigeration cycle in which air flowing over the evaporator cools such that liquid water drops out, and the air continues flowing
Use the psychrometric chart to find the missing property of: ϕ, ω, Twet, Tdrya. Tdry = 25°C, ϕ =80%b. Tdry =15°C, ϕ =100%c. Tdry = 20°C, and ω = 0.008d. Tdry = 25°C, Twet = 23°C
Use the psychrometric chart to find the missing property of: ϕ, ω, Twet, Tdry a. ϕ = 50%, ω = 0.012 b. Twet =15°C, ϕ = 60%. c. ω = 0.008 and Twet = 17°C d. Tdry = 10°C, ω = 0.006
Use the formulas and the steam tables to find the missing property of: ϕ, ω, and Tdry, total pressure is 100 kPa; repeat the answers using the psychrometric chart a. ϕ = 50%, ω = 0.010 b. Twet =15°C, ϕ = 50% c. Tdry = 25°C, Twet = 21°C
For each of the states in Problem 12.107 find the dew point temperature. Problem 12.107 Use the psychrometric chart to find the missing property of: ϕ, ω, Twet, Tdry a. ϕ = 50%, ω = 0.012 b. Twet =15°C, ϕ = 60%. c. ω = 0.008 and Twet = 17°C d. Tdry = 10°C, ω = 0.006
Compare the weather two places where it is cloudy and breezy. At beach A it is 20°C, 103.5 kPa, relative humidity 90% and beach B has 25°C, 99 kPa, relative humidity 20%. Suppose you just took a swim and came out of the water. Where would you feel more comfortable and why?
Ambient air at 100 kPa, 30°C, 40% relative humidity goes through a constant pressure heat exchanger as a steady flow. In one case it is heated to 45°C and in another case it is cooled until it reaches saturation. For both cases find the exit relative humidity and the amount of heat transfer per
A flow of moist air at 21°C, 60% relative humidity should be produced from mixing of two different moist air flows. Flow 1 is at 10°C, relative humidity 80% and flow 2 is at 32°C and has Twet = 27°C. The mixing chamber can be followed by a heater or a cooler. No liquid water is added and P =
In a hot and dry climate, air enters an air-conditioner unit at 100 kPa, 40°C, and 5% relative humidity, at the steady rate of 1.0 m3/s. Liquid water at 20°C is sprayed into the air in the AC unit at the rate 20 kg/hour, and heat is rejected from the unit at the rate 20 kW. The exit pressure is
Consider two states of atmospheric air. (1) 35°C, Twet = 18°C and (2) 26.5°C, ϕ = 60%. Suggest a system of devices that will allow air in a steady flow process to change from (1) to (2) and from (2) to (1). Heaters, coolers (de)humidifiers, liquid traps etc. are available and any liquid/solid
To refresh air in a room, a counterflow heat exchanger, see Fig. P12.72, is mounted in the wall, drawing in outside air at 0.5°C, 80% relative humidity and pushing out room air, 40°C, 50% relative humidity. Assume an exchange of 3 kg/min dry air in a steady flow device, and also that the room air
Consider the mixing of a steam flow with an oxygen flow in Problem 12.71. Find the rate of total inflowing availability and the rate of exergy destruction in the process. A flow of 1.8 kg/s steam at 400 kPa, 400oC is mixed with 3.2 kg/s oxygen at 400 kPa, 400 K in a steady flow mixing-chamber
A mixture of 75% carbon dioxide and 25% water by mass is flowing at 1600 K, 100 kPa into a heat exchanger where it is used to deliver energy to a heat engine. The mixture leave the heat exchanger at 500 K with a mass flow rate of 2 kg/min. Find the rate of energy and the rate of exergy delivered to
Find the second law efficiency of the heat exchanger in Problem 12.59. A flow of 2 kg/s mixture of 50% CO2 and 50% O2 by mass is heated in a constant pressure heat exchanger from 400 K to 1000 K by a radiation source at 1400 K. Find the rate of heat transfer and the entropy generation in the
A piston/cylinder contains helium at 110 kPa at ambient temperature 20°C, and initial volume of 20 L as shown in Fig. P12.119. The stops are mounted to give a maximum volume of 25 L and the nitrogen line conditions are 300 kPa, 30°C. The valve is now opened which allows nitrogen to flow in and
A spherical balloon has an initial diameter of 1 m and contains argon gas at 200 kPa, 40°C. The balloon is connected by a valve to a 500-L rigid tank containing carbon dioxide at 100 kPa, 100°C. The valve is opened, and eventually the balloon and tank reach a uniform state in which the pressure
An insulated vertical cylinder is fitted with a frictionless constant loaded piston of cross sectional area 0.1 m2 and the initial cylinder height of 1.0 m. The cylinder contains methane gas at 300 K, 150 kPa, and also inside is a 5-L capsule containing neon gas at 300 K, 500 kPa. The capsule now
An insulated rigid 2 m3 tank A contains CO2 gas at 200°C, 1MPa. An uninsulated rigid 1 m3 tank B contains ethane, C2H6, gas at 200 kPa, room temperature 20°C. The two are connected by a one-way check valve that will allow gas from A to B, but not from B to A. The valve is opened and gas flows
A 0.2 m3 insulated, rigid vessel is divided into two equal parts A and B by an insulated partition, as shown in Fig. P12.123. The partition will support a pressure difference of 400 kPa before breaking. Side A contains methane and side B contains carbon dioxide. Both sides are initially at 1 MPa,
An air-water vapor mixture enters a steady flow heater humidifier unit at state 1: 10°C, 10% relative humidity, at the rate of 1 m3/s. A second air-vapor stream enters the unit at state 2: 20°C, 20% relative humidity, at the rate of 2 m3/s. Liquid water enters at state 3: 10°C, at the rate of
You have just washed your hair and now blow dry it in a room with 23°C, ϕ = 60%, (1). The dryer, 500 W, heats the air to 49°C, (2), Blows it through your hair where the air becomes saturated (3), And then flows on to hit a window where it cools to 15°C (4). Find the relative humidity at
Steam power plants often utilize large cooling towers to cool the condenser cooling water so it can be recirculated; see Fig. P12.126. The process is essentially evaporative adiabatic cooling, in which part of the water is lost and must therefore be replenished. Consider the setup shown in Fig.
Ambient air is at a condition of 100 kPa, 35°C, 50% relative humidity. A steady stream of air at 100 kPa, 23°C, 70% relative humidity, is to be produced by first cooling one stream to an appropriate temperature to condense out the proper amount of water and then mix this stream adiabatically with
A semipermeable membrane is used for the partial removal of oxygen from air that is blown through a grain elevator storage facility. Ambient air (79% nitrogen, 21% oxygen on a mole basis) is compressed to an appropriate pressure, cooled to ambient temperature 25°C, and then fed through a bundle of
A dehumidifier receives a flow of 0.25 kg/s dry air at 28oC, 80% relative humidity as shown in figure P12.105. It is cooled down to 20oC as it flows over the evaporator and then heated up again as it flows over the condenser. The standard refrigeration cycle uses R-22 with an evaporator temperature
A 100-L insulated tank contains N2 gas at 200 kPa and ambient temperature 25°C. The tank is connected by a valve to a supply line flowing CO2 at 1.2 MPa, 90°C. A mixture of 50% N2, 50% CO2 by mole should be obtained by opening the valve and allowing CO2 flow in to an appropriate pressure is
A cylinder/piston loaded with a linear spring contains saturated moist air at 120 kPa, 0.1 m3 volume and also 0.01 kg of liquid water, all at ambient temperature 20°C. The piston area is 0.2 m2, and the spring constant is 20 kN/m. This cylinder is attached by a valve to a line flowing dry air at
Consider the previous problem and additionally determine the heat transfer. Show that the process does not violate the second law.
The air-conditioning by evaporative cooling in Problem 12.103 is modified by adding a dehumidification process before the water spray cooling process. This dehumidification is achieved as shown in Fig. P12.133 by using a desiccant material, which absorbs water on one side of a rotating drum heat
I cool moist air, do I reach the dew first in a constant P or constant V process?

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