Question: RFLPs can include sequence changes created by single-base change, single-base insertion, single-base deletion, or tetranucleotide repeat, as shown in Figure 21.21. For each polymorphism, show

RFLPs can include sequence changes created by single-base change, single-base insertion, single-base deletion, or tetranucleotide repeat, as shown in Figure 21.21. For each polymorphism, show a speciï¬c sequence change that would alter the restriction fragmentation pattern at that site and describe how the pattern would change-that is, addition or loss of a site for a speciï¬c restriction endonuclease. Refer to Table 21.3 for the cleavage sites of several common restriction nucleases.

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Low-frequency variant Indel polymorphism Repeat polymorphism Recombination Common SN hotspot G C T (G) C A G CT (G C A G C TA (G CT A G CT (G) C A G C T (G) CA G C T (G) C A G C T (G) C A G CT (G) C A A CT (G) A A A CT (G) A A A C T (G) A A A C T (G) A A A CT T (G) A A C T (G) A A G G A C T G A T C C ATTCATTC G A TC C AT TCATT C G A T C C AT TCATT C G A C C ATTCATTC C C C T G ATT C C C C T G ATT C C C C T G ATTC C C CCT G ATT C G A T C C ATTCATTC G A T C C AT TCATT C C C C T G ATT C C C C T G ATTC C C C TG ATT C C C CT G AT TC G A T C C AT TCATTC G A TC C ATTCATT C G A CTC C AT TCATT C G A T C C AT TCATTC Each colored box represents a haplotype, a set of single-nucleotide polymorphisms that are associated statistically G G A C G GA C G GA C T ) G ATTC C C C T G ATT C TABLE 21.3 Speciicities of some type Irestriction systems Enzyme Bacterial Source Restriction and Modification Site Bam Hl Sacus amyoliquefaciens H GIGATCC Bgll S. globiggi AL GATCT EcoRl Escherichia cof RY13 AATTC EcoRll E. cof R245 CCIGG MI Haelll GG CC GACGCNNNNNI CTGCGNNNNNNNNNN Haemophlus aegyptius Hgal H. gainarum Hhal H. haemolyticus GCGLC H. inMuenzae Rd H.inuenzae Rto H. influenzae R H. parainiuenzae Hindll GTPy lPuAC ALAGCTT G ANTC GTT LAAC Hind Hin Hpal Hpa Mspl Not CICGG CICGG GCIGGCCGC GAGTCNNNN CTCAGNNNNNI CTGCALG GITCGAC H. paranfvenzae MoraxeS sp Nocardia rubra Pel Pst Safl Pseudomonas lemoignei Prowdencia stuart Streptomyces albus G Serratia marcescens Sb Kanthomonas badrif Smal Xbal TL CTAGA

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