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Information Systems Control And Audit 1st Edition Ron Weber - Solutions
Which of the following situations is most conducive to use of the soft-systems approach to eliciting the requirements for an information system?a. Substantial political conflicts exist among users in relation to their requirementsb. Users will not agree that a problem exists which needs to be
Design prototyping is more likely to be needed when:a. The application system to be designed is a traditional accounting systemb. The designer believes users will react negatively to the system to be implementedc. The life-cycle approach to system development is chosend. There is uncertainty
Proponents of the contingency approach to systems development argue:a. Information processing systems design should not proceed until all user requirement uncertainties have been resolvedb. No single approach to systems development will work best under all circumstancesc. The key factor affecting
With respect to the various phases in the systems development life cycle, which of the following is least likely to vary?a. Conduct of each phaseb. Sequence in which the phases are performedc. Presence of each phased. Resources needed to perform each phase
Which of the following is the most likely sequence of phases in the systems development process?a. Analysis of the existing system, software acquisition and development, organizational and job designb. Acceptance testing, procedures development, management of the change processc. Entry and
During the problem/opportunity definition phase, which of the following is least likely to be described in the terms of reference?a. Boundaries of the system to be examinedb. Organizational and resource constraintsc. Tentative objectives of the new systemd. Acceptance testing procedures to be
Management of the change process is the phase in the systems development process that:a. Proceeds concurrently with all other phasesb. Stops after unfreezing has occurred and restarts when refreezing commencesc. Occurs between the problem/opportunity recognition and entry and feasibility assessment
During the entry phase, the system designer:a. Explains to users various alternative designs that can be implementedb. Determines what problem is the real motivation for the systems development effortc. Assists users to formulate the strategic design for the proposed systemd. Attempts to obtain a
If auditors are evaluating how well the entry and feasibility assessment phase was carried out for a material but nevertheless small, localized, straightforward accounting application system developed by end users, they should check to see that:a. Unfreezing procedures were carried out carefully by
Which of the following is unlikely to be a purpose of systems designers studying the existing organizational history, structure, and culture?a. To evaluate whether a proposed system is likely to produce organizational power shiftsb. To determine what types of job designs in the proposed system will
Which of the following is unlikely to be a concern of auditors when they evaluate how well system designers studied the existing product and information flows during the design of a new system?a. Whether designers used a methodology like structured analysis to guide their workb. Whether designers
Which of the following is not an example of a strategic systems requirement?a. Use a high-level language to program the systemb. Produce a product below a given costc. Increase task variety in the jobs supported by the systemd. Maintain the existing organizational power structure
Which of the following is unlikely be a concern of internal auditors when evaluating how well systems designers undertook the organizational and job design phase during the development of a new system?a. Whether designers involved users in the redesign of any jobs affected by the proposed systemb.
Eliciting detailed information processing system design requirements by asking stakeholders what they require is most likely to be successful during the development of which of the following types of systems?a. An accounts receivable systemb. An electronic data interchange systemc. A decision
Which of the following is unlikely to be a concern of designers during the design of the data/information flow for the information processing system?a. The extent to which data and information flows should be formalizedb. The frequency and timing of information flowsc. The medium that will be used
A global database design is more likely to result if:a. An organization already has a database management systemb. The storage structure design dictates a database is neededc. Decision making is to be decentralizedd. Subunits within the organization are highly interdependent
External auditors are most likely to be concerned about the quality of the user-interface design in an information system because:a. Most behavioral problems arise with information systems as a result of poor design of the user interfaceb. There is a high correlation between the quality of the user
Which of the following tasks usually is not performed during physical design of the information processing system?a. Breaking the logical design up into implementation unitsb. Designing icons to be used on a screen layoutc. Partitioning jobs into job stepsd. Designing intermediate files
Which of the following is unlikely to be a concern of internal auditors when they evaluate how well designers undertook the design and acquisition of the hardware/system software platform to be used to support an information processing system:a. The quality of the request for a proposal prepared
Which of the following is unlikely to be a concern of external auditors during the software acquisition and development phase?a. The resources consumed in compiling programs for the application systemb. The adequacy of requirements specifications provided to generalized software vendorsc. Whether
Which of the following is most likely to be an objective during procedures design?a. Maximum documentation of proceduresb. Maximum differentiation of proceduresc. Minimum specification of proceduresd. Minimum formality in procedures documentation
The primary difference between program testing and system testing is:a. System testing focuses on testing the interfaces between programs, whereas program testing focuses on individual programsb. Program testing is more comprehensive than system testingc. System testing is concerned with testing
During conversion, the primary purpose of parallel running is to:a. Provide the basis for validating the design and implementation of the new systemb. Determine which of the systems being run in parallel is more effective and efficientc. Provide the basis for carrying out comprehensive system and
The primary focus of repair maintenance is:a. Reducing the resources consumed by a systemb. Removing logic errors from a systemc. Changing a system to better fit user requirementsd. Improving the quality of the user interface in a system
In which of the following phases of the systems development process is the auditor most likely to have greatest involvement?a. Conversionb. Organizational and job designc. Elicitation of strategic requirementsd. Information processing system design
NWT Engineering Ltd. is a large consulting engineering firm based in Edmonton, Alberta. It provides services in many areas including mining exploration, environmental management, transportation, water and sewage, civil engineering, waste management, contaminant disposal, and electrical engineering.
The vice president of production has requested that top management have the information systems division investigate the feasibility of a computer system to improve the scheduling of production. Though her production managers are extremely competent, she is convinced that because of the complexity
Sunmatics started out as a small manufacturing firm producing solar energy equipment. With the impending shortage of energy in some countries and greater environmental concerns, demand for its production has grown. The company has trebled in size over a period of five years.Because of problems
Finerfoods, Inc., is a large, decentralized and diversified organization that primarily manufactures and sells grocery items. Various divisions of the company are widely dispersed geographically. In the past, divisions have been responsible for all aspects of their information systems
You are an external auditor undertaking a review of systems development controls in one of your client organizations. Since your last review, the client has converted some of its major accounting applications from batch systems to online, real-time, update systems. They did not notify you of the
You are the chief internal auditor for Corbault Corporation, a large decentralized, diversified, manufacturing organization. As a result of concerns about controls over hardware and software purchases throughout the corporation, the controller asks you to investigate a major subsidiary of the
What are the three ways that auditors can become involved in the systems development process? How do their audit objectives differ? How do their evidence-collection methods differ?
Why do auditors need a normative model of the systems development process? How might the adequacy of normative models of the systems development process be evaluated?
Two ways of thinking about the systems development process are the lifecycle approach and the sociotechnical design approach. What are the major similarities and differences between the two approaches? Can the two approaches be reconciled?
The sociotechnical design approach negates almost every major feature of the traditional life-cycle approach to systems development. Comment.
Briefly explain the nature of the political approach to information systems development. If the political approach to information systems development is used, when is it important to have user involvement in the design process? When is it important to have face-to-face negotiation and compromise?
Briefly explain the nature of soft-systems methodology. List the seven major steps in soft-systems methodology.
How does the prototyping approach to systems development differ from the traditional life-cycle approach? Briefly describe the five major phases of the prototyping approach.
Briefly explain the nature of the contingency approach to information systems development. Give two contextual factors that might affect how systems development is undertaken and explain how they might affect systems development work.
Why might different normative models of the systems development process be appropriate for auditors to use at different times? Give an example to help your explanation.
How might the need for a new system be recognized? Give two concerns that auditors should have about the ways information systems projects are initiated.
Management of the change process involves two major tasks: project management and change facilitation. Briefly explain the nature of each task.
What are the bases on which the feasibility of an information system should be assessed? What bases are the most important from an audit perspective?
How might the level of uncertainty surrounding an information system affect the approach taken to assessing its feasibility?
Under what circumstances should auditors be concerned about whether designers studied an existing system during the development of a new system?
Briefly describe two matters that auditors might investigate when evaluating how well designers studied existing product and information flows during the development of a new system.
What is meant by the strategic requirements of a system? How are strategic requirements related to system effectiveness? How might auditors carry out a postimplementation review of how well designers elicited the strategic requirements for a new system to be developed?
Briefly describe two concerns that auditors might have if a new system required redesign of organizational structures or jobs.
If an auditor is participating in the systems development process, why is the information processing systems design phase often one of major involvement?
What types of approaches should auditors expect to see used when designers are attempting to elicit detailed requirements during design of an information processing system?
Why should auditors investigate whether designers have used tools like dataflow diagrams during design of the data/information flow for a new system?
From an audit perspective, why are design decisions on the database scope sometimes critical?
Why do auditors often deem the design of the user interface to be a critical activity?
Is the physical-design phase of information processing systems design likely to have a greater impact on asset safeguarding and data integrity objectives or system effectiveness and system efficiency objectives? Briefly justify your answer.
Briefly describe one activity in the design of the hardware/system software platform for an information system that might interest us as auditors when we conduct a postimplementation review.
Briefly describe two tasks that must be performed during the procedures development phase. How might internal auditors evaluate how well these tasks have been undertaken by designers?
Briefly describe four types of acceptance testing that should be carried out before production release of a new application system. List two concerns that auditors might have about how well these types of testing were performed by designers.
Briefly describe two types of activities that might be performed during the conversion phase. List two concerns that auditors might have about how well these activities were performed.
Briefly describe the three types of maintenance that might be carried out on a system. List them in their likely descending order of importance from an auditor's viewpoint.
Why is it important that auditors be capable of evaluating the quality of top management in relation to the information systems function?
How is the framework of managerial functions-planning, organizing, leading, and controlling-useful to auditors when they carry out an evaluation of top management's performance in relation to the information systems function?
Briefly describe each of the two types of major plans that must be formulated for the information systems function.
Why do auditors need to adopt a contingency perspective when they evaluate the quality of information systems planning within an organization?
Briefly explain how the information systems planning activities of organizations in the four different quadrants of the strategic grid might differ.
How might the extent of infusion and diffusion of information technology in an organization affect the nature of the information systems planning activities undertaken within the organization?
What are the functions of an information systems steering committee? Who should comprise the membership of the steering committee?
Why are auditors concerned about how well the information systems function is resourced?
For each of the following functions, identify two controls that top management should exercise:a. Personnel acquisitionb. Personnel termination
Why should auditors be concerned about how well information systems staff are developed?
What impact has the widespread availability of minicomputers and microcomputers had on the decision to centralize or decentralize the information systems function?
What are the advantages and disadvantages of:a Decentralizing systems analysis b Centralizing programming
What are the three dimensions that need to be considered when deciding whether to centralize or decentralize the information systems function? How are these dimensions related?
Relative to the traditional ways in which the information systems function tended to be organized internally, how does it now tend to be organized internally?
Briefly explain two major concerns that we should have as auditors about the way information systems jobs are defined.
What concerns should auditors have about where the information systems function is located within organizations?
What are the three primary tasks that top management must perform if they are to provide effective leadership of personnel who work in the information systems function?
Identify three factors that might indicate that top management is not providing effective leadership of the information systems function.
Briefly explain two strategies that top management can use to exercise overall control over the information systems function.
Explain Nolan's stage-growth hypothesis. What is the relevance of the stagegrowth hypothesis to the information systems auditor?
Briefly explain the difference between policies and standards. What are top management's responsibilities with respect to information systems policies and standards?
Briefly explain the nature of methods standards, performance standards, and documentation standards.
Briefly explain the nature of ZBB. How might ZBB be used to control users of information systems services?
Briefly explain the nature of transfer pricing or chargeout. How might transfer pricing or chargeout be used to control users of information systems services?
Briefly explain three factors that are likely to affect whether a transfer pricing scheme for information systems services is likely to be successful as a control mechanism.
Which of the following is most likely to be a characteristic of an information systems operational plan?a. Focuses on the next five years of information systems activitiesb. Explains how proposed applications systems will enhance the competitive advantage of the organizationc. Identifies the major
Which of the following is most likely to be a characteristic of the information systems plan for a turnaround organization?a. Primary responsibility for preparing the plan will be vested in staff who work in the information systems functionb. The plan will focus primarily on existing application
Which of the following is most likely to be a characteristic of the information systems plan prepared for a backbone organization?a. Planning activities will be centralizedb. Only small amounts of planning will be neededc. Planning will focus primarily on the needs of end usersd. Organizationwide
Which of the following is most likely to be a characteristic of the information systems steering committee established for a support organization?a. The committee will meet frequently to address information systems planning issuesb. Middle managers are more likely to be represented on the committee
Careful staff planning within the information systems function is necessary because:a. Information systems staff are much more costly to develop than staff in other functional areas of an organizationb. The backlog of information systems work means the information systems function often is
If programmers resign because they are disgruntled, they should be:a. Asked to finish their existing projects as soon as possibleb. Asked to train a new employee to take over their job so continuity of work is achievedc. Assigned to a noncritical task immediatelyd. Assigned to maintenance work only
Which of the following controls is most likely to ensure that the best person is chosen for a position within the information systems function?a. The existence of up-to-date, well-documented job specificationsb. Bonding of the employeec. Indoctrination of the employeed. Screening applicants for
A disadvantage of decentralizing the information systems function is:a. It is more difficult to standardize and integrate systems within an organizationb. Software is less attuned to the needs of individual usersc. Substantial hardware diseconomies of scale resultd. Data input errors from remote
When considering centralization versus decentralization of the information systems function, in which of the following orders will the three major dimensions of the decision most likely be considered?a. Control, function, locationb. Control, location, functionc. Location, control, functiond.
In an organization in which high infusion and diffusion of information technology has occurred, which of the following is most likely to be the best structure for the information systems function?a. A hierarchy with many levels so that information systems personnel can be dispersed throughout the
Separation of duties would be most difficult to enforce between:a. Workstation specialists and systems analystsb. Data administrators and quality assurance specialistsc. Decision-support systems specialists and operations specialistsd. Systems programmers and network administrators
In a strategic organization, the information systems function should be located under the:a. Controllerb. Chief executive officerc. Marketing vice presidentd. Production vice president
Which of the following statements best describes how the information systems auditor will most likely evaluate how well top management leads information systems staff?a. The evaluation of how well top management motivates information systems staff will be given higher priority by the information
For which type of organization are industry averages most likely to be a useful way of determining how much an organization should spend on its information systems function?a. Support organizationsb. Factory organizationsc. Turnaround organizationsd. Strategic organizations
Which of the following should not be a reason given by top managers to account for difficulties they are having in evaluating whether their organization is getting value for money from its information systems function?a. Post-audits of information systems are difficult to conduct because many small
Which of the following statements about Nolan's stage-growth model of computing is true?a. The contagion phase follows the control phaseb. The model is more useful for organizing rather than planning and controlling the information systems functionc. It appears to be a good description of
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