Essentials Of Modern Business Statistics 3rd Edition David R. Anderson, Dennis J. Sweeney, Thomas A. Williams - Solutions

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3.15 Canada’s national health care. The Ministry of Health in the Canadian province of Ontario wants to know whether the national health care system is achieving its goals in the province. Much information about health care comes from patient records, but that source doesn’t allow us to compare
3.14 Another sampling experiment. Let us illustrate sampling variability in a small sample from a small population. Seven of the 20 college softball players listed below are instate students. Their names are marked with asterisks in the list. The coach chooses 5 players at random to receive a new
3.13 A sampling experiment. Let us illustrate sampling variability in a small sample from a small population. Ten of the 25 club members listed below are female. Their names are marked with asterisks in the list. The club chooses 5 members at random to receive free trips to the national
3.11 Each boldface number in the next paragraph is the value of either a parameter or a statistic. In each case, state which it is.The National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) telephone survey is conducted annually in the United States. Of the first 100 numbers dialed, 55 numbers were for wireless
3.10 Each boldface number in the next paragraph is the value of either a parameter or a statistic. In each case, state which it is.Voter registration records show that 25% of all voters in the United States are registered as Republicans. However, a national radio talk show host found that of 20
3.9 Each boldface number in the next paragraph is the value of either a parameter or a statistic. In each case, state which it is.According to The Independent, the final polls conducted in Great Britain prior to “Brexit”(Britain’s proposed exit from the European Union [EU]) indicated that the
3.8 The boldface number in the next paragraph is the value of either a parameter or a statistic. State which it is.The Bureau of Labor Statistics announces that in July 2018 it interviewed all members of the labor force in a sample of 60,000 households; 3.9% of the people interviewed were
3.7 Which is more accurate? The Pew Research Center Report entitled “How Americans value public libraries in their communities,” released December 11, 2013, asked a random sample of 6224 Americans aged 16 and over, “Have you used a Public Library in the last 12 months?” In the entire
3.6 What can we be confident about? A May 2015 University of Michigan C.S. Mott Children’s Hospital National Poll on Children’s Health reported that 90% of adults are concerned that powdered alcohol will be misused by people under age 21. The margin of error was reported to be 2 percentage
3.5 Decreasing sampling variability. You plan to take a sample of size 500 to estimate the proportion of students at your school who support having no classes and special presentations on Veteran’s Day. To be twice as accurate with your results, you should plan to sample how many students? (Hint:
3.4 What’s the statistic? A state representative wants to know how voters in his district feel about enacting a statewide smoking ban in all enclosed public places, including bars and restaurants. His staff mails a questionnaire to a simple random sample of 800 voters in his district. Of the 800
3.3 What’s the parameter? An online store contacts 1500 customers from its list of customers who have purchased in the last year and asks the customers if they are very satisfied with the store’s website. One thousand (1000) customers respond, and 696 of the 1000 say that they are very
2.26 Random selection? Choosing at random is a “fair” way to decide who gets some scarce good, in the sense that everyone has the same chance to win. But random choice isn’t always a good idea—sometimes we don’t want to treat everyone the same because some people have a better claim. In
2.25 Racial profiling and traffic stops. The Denver Police Department wants to know if Hispanic residents of Denver believe that the police use racial profiling when making traffic stops. A sociologist prepares several questions about the police. The police department chooses an SRS of 200 mailing
2.24 More randomization. Most sample surveys call residential telephone numbers at random. They do not, however, always ask their questions of the person who picks up the phone. Instead, they ask about the adults who live in the residence and choose one at random to be in the sample. Why is this a
2.23 Twitter Poll. During the 2018 NBA playoffs, the San Antonio Spurs were down 3 games to 1 against the Golden State Warriors (the eventual NBA champions for the second year in a row). After game 4 of the series, KSAT in San Antonio ran a Twitter Poll asking followers “Do you think the Spurs
2.22 How do random digits behave? Which of the following statements are true of a table of random digits, and which are false? Explain your answers.a. Each pair of digits has a chance of 1/100 of being 00.b. There are exactly four 4s in each row of 40 digits.c. The digits 12345 can never appear as
2.21 Apartment living. You are planning a report on apartment living in a college town. You decide to select three apartment complexes at random for in-depth interviews with residents.Use software or Table A, starting at line 112, to select a simple random sample of 3 of the following 36 apartment
2.20 How much do students pay for rent? A university’s housing and residence office wants to know how much students pay per month for rent in off-campus housing. The university does not have enough on-campus housing for students, and this information will be used in a brochure about student
2.19 Is this an SRS? A university has 30,000 undergraduate and 10,000 graduate students. A survey of student opinion concerning health care benefits for domestic partners of students selects 300 of the 30,000 undergraduate students at random and then separately selects 100 of the 10,000 graduate
2.18 An election day sample. You want to choose an SRS of 20 of Indiana’s 5341 voting precincts for special voting-fraud surveillance on election day.a. Explain clearly how you would label the 5341 precincts. If you will use Table A to choose an SRS, be sure to explain how many digits make up
2.17 Choose an SRS. Your class in ancient Ugaritic religion is poorly taught and the class members have decided to complain to the dean. The class decides to choose 6 of its 27 members at random to carry the complaint. The class list appears here. Choose an SRS of six using either software or the
2.16 Choose an SRS. A firm wants to understand the attitudes of its managers toward its system for assessing employee performance. Following is a list of all 32 of the firm’s managers. Use software or Table A to choose five to be interviewed in detail about the performance appraisal system. If
2.15 Call-in versus random sample polls. A national survey of TV network news viewers found that 48% said they would believe a phone-in poll of 300,000 persons rather than a random sample of 1000 persons. Of the viewers, 42% said they would believe the random sample poll. Explain to someone who
2.14 A call-in opinion poll. In 2005, the San Francisco Bay Times reported on a poll in New Zealand that found that New Zealanders opposed the nation’s new gay-inclusive civil-unions law by a 3–1 ratio. This poll was a call-in poll that cost $1 to participate in. The San Francisco Bay Times
2.13 Design your own bad sample. Your college wants to gather student opinion about parking for students on campus. It isn’t practical to contact all students.a. Give an example of a way to choose a sample of students that is poor practice because it depends on voluntary response.b. Give an
2.12 We don’t like one-way streets. Highway planners decided to make a main street in West Lafayette, Indiana, a one-way street. The Lafayette Journal and Courier took a one-day poll by inviting readers to call a telephone number to record their comments. The next day, the paper reported:Journal
2.11 The Drudge Report takes a poll. Beginning in 2017, there was considerable interest in the Special Counsel investigation, conducted by Robert Mueller, of possible Russian interference in the 2016 presidential election. In 2018, the Drudge Report asked its readers,“Should President Trump fire
2.10 More instant opinion. In July 2018, the Washington Examiner reported on an online poll conducted by the Drudge Report asking participants whether Hilary Clinton should run for president ever again. Sixty-five percent of poll participants said they did not want the former secretary of state and
2.9 Instant opinion. In July 2018, Green Car Reports conducted a Twitter poll and asked their readers “Which modern electric car will be the first classic?” Of the 466 people who chose to take the poll, 48% chose the Tesla Roadster.a. What is the sample size for this poll?b. Explain why the
2.8 Emails to the civic association. You are the president of the neighborhood civic association. A brewpub is thinking of opening a restaurant and bar in the neighborhood. You report to the members of the civic association that 91 emails have been received on the issue, of which 71 oppose opening
2.7 Choosing a simple random sample. Angela, Juan, Kevin, Lucinda, and Tanya are students in my capstone course. I wish to select a simple random sample of two of them to work on a project. I label Angela as 1, Juan as 2, Kevin as 3, Lucinda as 4, and Tanya as 5. I generate the following sequence
2.6 An SRS? The leader of a student organization wishes to form a committee that will consist of 5 of the 50 members. He decides to take an SRS of size five from the members and those selected will comprise the committee. He chooses an SRS of size five and all are men.He would like to have some
2.5 Simple random sample. I plan to take a sample of 10 students in my introductory statistics class. Which of the following is a simple random sample?a. I choose the 10 students sitting in the front row. Students select seats at random, so this would be a simple random sample.b. I choose the first
2.4 An online survey. You go to a website to access a news story. In order to access the story, you are asked to answer a brief survey. If you choose not to answer the survey, you can only access the article for a fee.This method for obtaining a sample is an example ofa. simple random sampling.b.
2.3 Biased sampling methods? A method for selecting a sample is said to be biased ifa. the race or gender of respondents is taken into account.b. it systematically favors certain outcomes.c. the political affiliation of the person asking the questions is known by respondents.d. any of the above are
1.24 Choose your study purpose. Give an example of a question about pet owners, their behavior, or their opinions that would best be answered bya. a sample survey.b. an observational study that is not a sample survey.c. an experiment.
1.23 Choose your study type. What is the best way to answer each of the questions below:an experiment, a sample survey, or an observational study that is not a sample survey?Explain your choices.a. Is your school’s football team called for fewer penalties in home games than in away games?b. Are
1.22 Bullying. Researchers tracked 2668 people from early childhood through adulthood and found that 13-year-olds who are frequent targets of bullies were three times more likely than their nonvictimized peers to be depressed later as adults. What is the population in this study? What is the
1.21 Alcohol and longevity. A Chicago Tribune article reported on a study about alcohol consumption and how long you live. The research tracked 1700 nonagenarians(adults in their 90s) enrolled in the study that began in 2003 to explore impacts of daily habits on longevity. The researchers
1.20 Alcohol and cancer in women. A Washington Post article reported on a study about alcohol consumption and cancer in women. Since 1996, a team of British researchers has been gathering detailed information from 1.28 million women aged 50 to 64. The researchers recorded how much alcohol the women
1.19 Walnuts and cholesterol. Does eating walnuts increase the level of good cholesterol(HDL) and reduce the level of bad cholesterol (LDL)? Here are two ways to study this question.1. Researchers in Australia recruited 58 adults with diabetes for a research study. These subjects were randomly
1.18 Treating prostate disease. A large study used records from Canada’s national health care system to compare the effectiveness of two ways to treat prostate disease. The two treatments are traditional surgery and a new method that does not require surgery. The records described many patients
1.17 Power lines and leukemia. The study of power lines and leukemia in Example 3 compared two groups of individuals and measured many variables that might influence differences between the groups. Explain carefully why this study is not an experiment.
1.16 Teens sleep needs. A Washington Post article reported on a study about the sleep needs of teenagers. In the study, researchers measured the presence of the sleeppromoting hormone melatonin in teenagers’ saliva at different times of the day. They learned that the melatonin levels rise later
1.15 What is the population? For each of the following sampling situations, identify the population as exactly as possible. That is, say what kind of individuals the population consists of and say exactly which individuals fall in the population. If the information given is not sufficient, complete
1.14 What is the population? For each of the following sampling situations, identify the population as exactly as possible. That is, say what kind of individuals the population consists of and say exactly which individuals fall in the population. If the information given is not sufficient, complete
1.13 The political gender gap. There may be a “gender gap” in political party preference in the United States, with women more likely than men to prefer Democratic candidates. A political scientist interviews a large sample of registered voters, both men and women. She asks each voter whether
1.12 The death penalty. A press release by the Gallup News Service says that, based on a poll conducted on October 5–11, 2017, it found that 55% of Americans respond Yes when asked this question: “Are you in favor of the death penalty for a person convicted of murder?” Toward the end of the
1.11 Sampling moms. Pregnant and breast-feeding women should eat at least 12 ounces of fish and seafood per week to ensure their babies’ optimal brain development, according to a coalition of top scientists from private groups and federal agencies. A nutritionist wants to know whether pregnant
1.10 Who recycles? In Example 1, weight is not a good measure of the participation of households in different neighborhoods in a city recycling program. What variables would you measure in its place?
1.9 Athletes’ salaries. Here is a small part of a data set that describes Major League Baseball players as of opening day of the 2018 season:Player Team Position Age Salary⋮Trout, Mike Angels Outfielder 26 34,083 Headley, Chase Padres Third base 33 13,000 Axford, John Blue Jays Pitcher 35 1,500
1.8 Miles per gallon. Here is a small part of a data set that describes the fuel economy (in miles per gallon) of 2019 model motor vehicles:Make and model Vehicle type Transmission type Number of cylinders City mpg Highway mpg⋮BMW 430i Compact car Manual 4 21 33 Ford Flex AWD Sport utility
1.7 A census? A study is considered to be a census ifa. the population of interest is very large.b. the study attempts to measure every individual in a population.c. all units in the study receive some treatment.d. it attempts to answer questions about the opinions of all citizens of a particular
1.6 Response variable. For the study described in the previous exercise, the response variable is which of the following?a. Scores on a quiz.b. Whether a subject was assigned to a group with an attractive or unattractive instructor.c. The recorded lecture.d. The 131 students.
1.5 Observational studies and experiments. Researchers at UNLV studied whether the attractiveness of an instructor affected the performance of students. The researchers randomly assigned 131 UNLV students to one of several instructors. Students listened to a recording of an introductory physics
1.4 Population and sample. For the survey described in the previous exercise,a. the population is the 4538 adults interviewed and the sample are those who gave a rating of excellent or good.b. the population is all adults, 18 years of age or older, living in all 50 U.S. states and the District of
1.3 Individuals and variables. A national survey by the Pew Research Center and USA Today, conducted August 16–Septermber 12, 2016, was based on web-based and mail responses of a national sample of 4538 adults, 18 years of age or older, living in all 50 U.S.states and the District of Columbia.
1.2 Diet soda and weight. Many people drink diet soda to control their weight. To explore the relationship between drinking diet soda and weight, medical researchers recruited 400 adults who identified themselves as diet soda drinkers. These 400 participants recorded how many bottles or cans of
24. An acceptance sampling plan with n = 15 and c = 1 was designed with a producer's risk of .075.a. Was the value of p, equal to .01, .02, .03, .04, or .05? What does this value mean?b. What is the consumer's risk associated with this plan if p, is .25?
23. An n = 10, c = 2 acceptance sampling plan is being considered; assume that p = .05 and p = .20.a. Compute both the producer's and the consumer's risks for this acceptance sampling plan.b. Would the producer, the consumer, or both be unhappy with the proposed sampling plan?c. What change in the
22. Managers of 1200 different retail outlets make twice-a-month restocking orders from a central warehouse. Past experience shows 4% of the orders contain one or more errors such as wrong item shipped, wrong quantity shipped, and item requested but not shipped. Ran- dom samples of 200 orders are
21. Consider the following situations and comment on whether the sample results might cause concern about the quality of the process.a. Ap chart has LCL = 0 and UCL = .068. When the process is in control, the propor- tion defective is .033. Plot the following seven sample results: .035,.062, .055,
20. The following data were collected for the Master Blend Coffee production process. The data show the filling weights based on samples of 3-pound cans of coffee. Use these data to construct the and R charts. What conclusions can be drawn about the quality of the production process?Observations
19. The following quality control data for a manufacturing process at Kensport Chemical Company show the temperature in degrees centigrade at five points in time during a manufacturing cycle. The company is interested in using control charts to monitor the temperature of its manufacturing
18. Twenty-five samples of size 5 resulted in 5.42 and 2.0. Compute control limits for the and R charts, and estimate the standard deviation of the process.
17. Product filling weights are normally distributed with a mean of 350 grams and a standard deviation of 15 grams.a. Develop the control limits for samples of size 10, 20, and 30.b. What happens to the control limits as the sample size is increased?c. What happens when a Type I error is made?d.
16. Samples of size 5 provided the following 20 sample means for a production process that is believed to be in control. 95.72 95.24 95.18 95.44 95.46 95.32 95.40 95.44 95.08 95.50 95.80 95.22 95.56 95.22 95.04 95.72 94.82 95.46 95.60 95.78a. Based on these data, what is an estimate of the mean
15. Adomestic manufacturer of watches purchases quartz crystals from a Swiss firm. The crystals are shipped in lots of 1000. The acceptance sampling procedure uses 20 randomly selected crystals.a. Construct operating characteristic curves for acceptance criteria of 0, 1, and 2.b. If p0 is .01 and
14. To inspect incoming shipments of raw materials, a manufacturer is considering samples of sizes 10, 15, and 20. Use binomial probabilities to select a sampling plan that provides a producer’s risk of α .03 when p0 is .05 and a consumer’s risk of .12 when p1 is .30.
13. Refer to the KALI example presented in this section. The quality control manager requested a producer’s risk of .10 or less when p0 was .03 and a consumer’s risk of .20 or less when p1 was .15. Consider the acceptance sampling plan based on a sample size of 20 and an acceptance criterion
12. Repeat exercise 11 for the acceptance sampling plan with n 20 and c 1. What happens to the producer’s risk as the acceptance number c is increased? Explain.
11. Consider an acceptance sampling plan with n 20 and c 0. Compute the producer’s risk for each of the following cases.a. The lot has a defect rate of 2%.b. The lot has a defect rate of 6%.
10. For an acceptance sampling plan with n 25 and c 0, find the probability of accepting a lot when the defect rate is 2%. What is the probability of accepting the lot if the defect rate is 6%?
9. An automotive industry supplier produces pistons for several models of automobiles. Twenty samples, each consisting of 200 pistons, were selected when the process was known to be operating in control. The numbers of defective pistons found in the samples follow. 8 10 6 4 5 7 8 12 8 15 14 10 10 7
8. Over several weeks of normal, or in-control, operation, 20 samples of 150 packages each of synthetic-gut tennis strings were tested for breaking strength. A total of 141 packages of the 3000 tested failed to conform to the manufacturer’s specifications.a. What is an estimate of the process
7. The Goodman Tire and Rubber Company periodically tests its tires for tread wear under simulated road conditions. To study and control the manufacturing process, 20 samples, each containing three radial tires, were chosen from different shifts over several days of op- eration; the data collected
6. A quality control process monitors the weight per carton of laundry detergent. Control lim- its are set at UCL = 20.12 ounces and LCL 19.90 ounces. Samples of size 5 are used for the sampling and inspection process. What are the process mean and process standard de- viation for the manufacturing
5. Temperature is used to measure the output of a production process. When the process is in control, the mean of the process is u=128.5 and the standard deviation is = .4.a. Construct an x chart if samples of size 6 are to be used.b. Is the process in control for a sample providing the following
4. An in-control process sampled 20 times with a sample of size 8 resulted in = 28.5 and R = 1.6. Compute the upper and lower control limits for the x and R charts for this process.
3. Twenty-five samples of 100 items each were inspected when a process was considered to be operating satisfactorily. In the 25 samples, 135 items were found to be defective.a. What is an estimate of the proportion defective when the process is in control?b. What is the standard error of the
2. Twenty-five samples, each of size 5, were selected from a process that was in control. The sum of all the data collected was 677.5 pounds.a. What is an estimate of the process mean (in terms of pounds per unit) when the process is in control?b. Develop the control chart for this process if
1. A process that is in control has a mean of µ 12.5 and a standard deviation of σ .8.a. Construct an chart if samples of size 4 are to be used.b. Repeat part (a) for samples of size 8 and 16.c. What happens to the limits of the control chart as the sample size is increased? Discuss why this
4. What conclusions and recommendations can you derive from your analysis?
3. Develop an estimated regression equation that could be used to predict the alumni giving rate using the data provided.
2. Develop an estimated regression equation that can be used to predict the alumni giving rate given the percentage of students who graduate. Discuss your findings.
1. Use methods of descriptive statistics to summarize the data.
5. Discuss the need for other independent variables that could be added to the model. What additional variables might be helpful?
4. What is the predicted annual credit card charge for a three-person household with an annual income of $40,000?
3. Develop an estimated regression equation with annual income and household size as the independent variables. Discuss your findings.
2. Develop estimated regression equations, first using annual income as the independent variable and then using household size as the independent variable. Which variable is the better predictor of annual credit card charges? Discuss your findings.
1. Use methods of descriptive statistics to summarize the data. Comment on the findings.
47. Today's marketplace offers a wide choice to buyers of sport utility vehicles (SUVs) and pickup trucks. An important factor to many buyers is the resale value of the vehicle. The following table shows the resale value (%) after two years and the suggested retail price for 10 SUVs, 10 small
46. The U.S. Department of Energy’s Fuel Economy Guide provides fuel efficiency data for cars and trucks. A portion of the data for 35 standard pickup trucks produced by Chevrolet and General Motors follows (http://www.fueleconomy.gov, March 21, 2003). The column labeled Drive identifies whether
45. Following are data on price, curb weight, horsepower, time to go from 0 to 60 miles per hour, and the speed at ¹⁄₄ mile for 16 sports and GT cars.Curb Speed at Price Weight Horse- 0 to 60 ¹⁄₄ mile Car ($1000s) (lb.) power (seconds) (mph) Acura Integra Type R 25.035 2577 195 7.0 90.7
44. SmartMoney magazine evaluated 65 metropolitan areas to determine where home values are headed. An ideal city would get a score of 100 if all factors measured were as favorable as possible. Areas with a score of 60 or greater are considered to be primed for price appreciation, and areas with a
43. Recall that in exercise 40 the personnel director for Electronics Associates developed the following estimated regression equation relating an employee's score on a job satisfaction test to length of service and wage rate. where = 14.4-8.69x + 13.5x x = = length of service (years) x, wage rate
42. Recall that in exercise 39, the admissions officer for Clearwater College developed the fol- lowing estimated regression equation relating final college GPA to the student's SAT mathe- matics score and high-school GPA. = -1.41 + .0235x + .00486x where x, high-school grade point average SAT
41. A partial computer output from a regression analysis using Excel's Regression tool follows.a. Compute the missing entries in this output.b. Using a = .05, test for overall significance.c. Use the 7 test and a = .05 to test H: B, = 0 and H: B = 0.
40. The personnel director for Electronics Associates developed the following estimated re- gression equation relating an employee's score on a job satisfaction test to his or her length of service and wage rate. where 14.4 8.69x, + 13.5x, x = length of service (years) 12 wage rate (dollars) y=job

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Essentials Of Modern Business Statistics 3rd Edition David R. Anderson, Dennis J. Sweeney, Thomas A. Williams - Solutions

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