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Nonverbal Communication In Human Interaction 8th Edition Mark L. Knapp, Judith A. Hall, Terrence G. Horgan - Solutions
b. Look at your factors, and move the sticky notes into groups of factors that form natural clusters. Give each cluster a title.
a. On your own, or in groups of 4-5 people, write down all the factors that you can think of that might influence the move toward increasing or decreasing the use of online courses. Write each factor on a separate sticky note. Think of how political, economic, environmental, social, technological,
3. Ratio or trend analysis can be a very effective method for determining HR demand.Identify a wide variety of relevant indices that can be used for this demand-forecasting technique in different organizational contexts, including public not-for-profit organizations, as well as in diverse
2. The Delphi technique and the nominal group technique (NGT) are often used to facilitate creative and innovative solutions to HR demand issues. What are the similarities and differences between the two methods? List the conditions associated with successful employment of each of these two demand
1. Imagine that you have a friend who owns and runs a family restaurant that specializes in plant-based whole foods. At capacity, the restaurant requires four wait staff to wait on all the tables. While the restaurant has been getting busier and busier, your friend has found it challenging to have
Compare and contrast the advantages and disadvantages of various demand forecasting techniques, including quantitative, qualitative, and blended techniques.
Recognize the linkages between the HR plan, labour demand forecasting techniques, and the subsequent supply stage.
Understand the importance of demand forecasting in the HR planning process.
List all the reasons that demand for healthcare workers will increase, and the reasons that supply will decrease. What can governments do to increase the supply?What can employers do?
3. List all the ways that an organization can deal with a surplus of employees. Discuss the advantages and limitations of each option.
2. The chapter starts with a discussion of the labour supply/demand mismatch and suggests that the government needs to become more actively involved in influencing the supply of the types of workers that employers need. However, others suggest that employers need to develop programs to address
1. If you are reading this discussion question, you are probably taking a course at a university or community college. In groups, discuss some ways that you might be able to forecast the demand for, and supply of, business management professors.What sources would you use and why?
Outline the environmental and organizational factors affecting HR forecasting.
Comprehend the forecasting process in general, and the categories of forecasting methods.
Understand the rationale for giving special attention to specialist/technical workers, managers, recruits, and designated groups in the HR forecasting process.
Discuss the differences between stocks and flows of human capital, and comprehend the implications that stocks and flows have for HR planning.
Understand the value of human capital to the firm, and discuss the difference between generic human capital and firm-specific human capital.
Understand what HR forecasting is, and its strategic importance to the firm.
Describe the role of the stakeholder, and list several examples.
Explain the environmental factors, such as the economic climate, the political and regulatory context, and the social and cultural climate, that influence the practice of HRM.
Discuss the challenges in scanning the environment.
Understand how environmental scanning is practised.
Identify the sources that HR planners use to keep current with business and HR trends.
2. Design the HRM selection, orientation, training, performance management, and incentive compensation program that will develop these competencies.
1. Develop a list of the competencies (skills, knowledge, and attitudes)that employees of this hotel need to demonstrate in order to become excellent at customer service.
3. HR Planning Notebook 2.1 outlines some barriers to HR planning. In a group, can you think of ways to overcome or bypass these barriers?
2. You and your friend decide to open a high-end restaurant specializing in cuisine from your home country. This type of food may appeal to people in the neighbourhood, but you will need to differentiate this restaurant from others, and offer great service, with explanations, customization etc.
1. "Employees are our biggest asset." "Yes, but they can walk out the door any time and all your investment in them will be lost." Explain why investments in human capital are important. Using the example of a great coach, explain why all is not lost if some of the team members quit.
List the characteristics of an effective HR strategy.
Discuss approaches to linking strategy and HR, including the barriers to becoming a strategic partner.
Identify the risks associated with not planning.
Understand the importance of strategic HR planning.
4. Compare and contrast the practices of the two companies.
3. Discuss their differences in resources, capabilities, and core competencies.
2. Research these two companies' mission, vision, and value statements.
1. Identify two companies working in the same sector (hotels, restaurants, and postsecondary institutions are good choices), one using a low-cost provider strategy and one using a differentiation strategy.
7. Appoint one person from each team to incorporate the revisions into a value statement, which is then combined with all the value statements. These then become the company values.
6. Have groups present their definitions and behaviours, which may be adopted or revised.
5. Have subgroups take one value, and develop a definition of the value and the employee behaviours related to that value.Strategic Human Resources Planning
4. Discuss and debate these themes, until there is consensus on a short list of core values.
3. Have the group identify common themes.
2. Record these without judgments, criticisms, or comments.
1. Invite all employees to offer ideas about the current and the desired values for the organization.
10. Is the statement easy to read?
9. Does the statement give a portrait of the company capturing the culture of the organization?
8. Are the standards described in a way that enables individual employees to judge when they are behaving correctly?
7. Does the statement describe important behaviours and standards that serve as beacons of the strategy and values?
6. Do the values resonate with and reinforce the organization's strategy?
5. Does the statement identify values that link with the organization's purpose and act as beliefs with which employees can feel proud?
4. Does the statement describe the strategic positioning that the company prefers in a way that helps to identify the sort of competitive position that it will look for?
3. Does the statement define a business domain and explain why it is attractive?
2. Does the statement describe the organization's responsibil ities to stakeholders?
1. Does the statement describe an inspiring purpose that avoids playing to the self-serving interests of stakeholders?Strategic Human Resources Planning
List the benefits of strategic planning.
Discuss the steps used in strategic planning.
Define business strategy and discuss how it differs from corporate strategy.
Describe organizational strategies, including restructuring, growth, and maintenance.
Understand the various terms used to define strategy and its processes.
Discuss why human resources managers need to understand strategy.
Discuss why managers need to examine the human resources implications of their organizational strategies.
7. Log onto to the following Web site: www.pbs.org/30secondcandidate. Discuss how some of the tricks of the trade for making a candidate look good or bad are currently being used by those who are seeking the presidency this election cycle.
6. Select a short scene from your own life in which you were interacting with another person. Then assume you and your partner were communicating that same scene via a technology of your choice (e.g., computers, cell phones). Identify the difficulties and advantages the technology has for
5. Different cultures exhibit different nonverbal behavior, and sometimes these differences cause communication problems when people from those different cultures interact. But it is also true that sometimes these differences occur and there are no problems. Under what conditions do you think
4. In what ways do you think advertising influences your nonverbal behavior? How does advertising influence your perceptions of other people’s nonverbal behavior? As an exercise, take careful notes on the use of nonverbal communication in television advertisements for a few hours. Did you notice
3. Suppose you were hired to advise incoming college freshmen on what nonverbal behavior they should enact to impress their teachers.What advice would you give?
2. You are a consultant to a vibrant, physically appealing presidential candidate who is not a deep thinker and so is unable to make good arguments for his or her platform. What would you do to get this person elected? Now reverse the situation: You are advising a person who is a deep thinker able
1. Discuss how the nonverbal behavior of a patient and physician can mutually influence each other. Next time you visit a counselor or physician, try to carefully observe that person’s nonverbal behavior. Is it as effective and positive as it could be?
5. Describe how you nonverbally communicate your romantic involvement with someone when you are in public together. How has the presence of a potential rival influenced this, especially when the rival began flirting with your significant other?
4. Try to imagine a social world in which lies could be detected accurately 99 percent of the time. Describe it.
3. Identify situations in which controlling behavior is likely to be reciprocated, and when it is likely to elicit compensatory behavior. Why?
2. What does it mean to collaborate in a lie?Are collaborators and liars subject to similar ethical standards?
1. Research tells us that men typically smile, laugh, and gaze at their conversational partners far less than women do. Speculate on why this is and the extent to which it is functional or dysfunctional behavior.
6. Use the following link to discover how speech accents vary by region in the United States. You will be able to test your ability to identify the region of the United States a speaker is from on the basis of his or her accent: www.sporcle.com/games/druhutch/americanaccents
5. Spend some time paying special attention to how you use vocal cues to identify a person’s characteristics, such as social class, education, sexual orientation, or personality.A good way to do this would be to sit in a public place and listen to people speaking whom you are not looking at. Or
4. Theorists argue that some nonverbal channels are easier than others to self-monitor and control. Compare the vocal channel to the face and body channels. How would you rank these three channels in terms of how easy they are to monitor and control?Why?
3. Review the different methods for making voices free of verbal content by applying content-masking techniques. Why does the chapter argue that doing this does not free the voice of content?
2. Analyze the phenomenon of sarcasm in terms of the voice as well as the other cues that might be associated with it. Act out a variety of different comments in a sarcastic manner, and specify the cues you use.
1. Consider stereotypes you have about the voice—for example, about high or low voices, fast or slow voices, voices with different accents, and so forth. Discuss what truth you think there is to the stereotypes, based on as many real examples as you can think of.
6. Go to a bus or elevator that is crowded and observe how you, as well as the other people, use gaze in such a circumstance. How much, when, where, and at whom do people gaze?
5. People of higher status are sometimes said to gaze more and for longer periods than people of lower status. What do you think of this?Think of examples that would and would not be supportive of this theory.
4. As an experiment, try looking continuously at the eye region of a person you are conversing with. Is this difficult? Did the person react to this in any way—for example, by reducing gaze, moving back, or commenting?
3. Try to recall a time when you had a conversation with someone with a physical disability, someone on crutches or in a wheelchair, for example. Did your gazing patterns change when interacting with this person as opposed to interacting with an able-bodied person? How did your gazing patterns
2. Watch yourself in a mirror, and try to convey the following emotions using only your eyes and eyebrows: fear, anger, disgust, surprise, happiness, and sadness. How do your eye positions and movements change? How similar are your expressions to those you see on other people’s faces every day?
1. How do you use gaze in your everyday life?When are you more likely to gaze at someone for a long period of time? When are you more likely to gaze for a very short period of time?
7. To see a demonstration of the FACSGen 2.0 program for generating facial expressions on humanlike faces, go to the following Web address: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wHg3a9z0alg.
6. Some people are more aware of the expressions that occur on their faces than other people. Discuss this phenomenon. What kind of people do you think are more selfobservant than others? What impact do you think this kind of self-accuracy has?
5. Can you think of any occasions when you might have experienced intensification, or even creation, of an emotion as a result of facial feedback?
4. The chapter gives examples of how the face is a potent influence on others. Think of some other examples of this, and discuss whether the face is more or less influential than other nonverbal channels in terms of its social impact.
3. As noted in the chapter, the distinction between a feigned or posed facial display and an authentic or spontaneous one may be hard to make. Discuss the issue of intentionality in facial expressions. Is it important to be able to make such a distinction? Do you think you can make such a
2. Consider men’s and women’s nonverbal behavior. Does the concept of display rules help you explain any differences between the sexes?
1. Facial expressions can show emotions, but they also are used for conversation management.Give examples of each, and state which function you consider the most important.
6. For a day, pay close attention to your own and others’ use of self-touching. Try to analyze the circumstances under which people engage in this behavior. Note what brings it on, what situations it occurs in, and what kind of people do it more or do it less. What kind of psychological function
5. It has been suggested that sometimes a woman’s friendly intention touch is misperceived by a man as being a sexual invitation.Have you ever had such an experience? Do you think this is a true phenomenon?
4. Sometimes people are eager to touch others because they gain something of psychological value by doing so, yet people often feel violated by being touched. Discuss these different perspectives on the phenomenon of touch.
3. Most studies find that touch is a rather infrequent event. Do you think this is correct?Discuss exceptions to this generalization.Why do you think touch might seem to be not very common?
2. What do you think about the ethics of using touch to achieve compliance or a favor from someone? Is it different from using persuasive language or using other forms of nonverbal communication, such as smiling or generally “being nice”?
1. Think of a person you know personally who does not like touching or being touched.What analysis can you offer for this person’s characteristic? How much do you think it reflects personal history and personality versus social and cultural norms?
4. Select a speech-independent gesture. Discuss the meaning of this gesture when accompanied by different facial expressions and speech.
3. Can you think of any instance in which gestures might pose a challenge to the doctrine of freedom of speech?
2. Some researchers have found matching behavior to be associated with rapport between the interactants. Can you think of a situation in which rapport would not involve matching behavior? Can you think of a situation in which matching occurred but there was not much rapport?
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