Essentials Of Statistics For Business And Economics 5th Edition David R. Anderson, Dennis J. Sweeney, Thomas A. Williams - Solutions

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15. A population of N 20 scores has a mean of 15.One score in the population is changed from X 8 to X 28. What is the value for the new population mean?
14. A sample of n = 9 scores has a mean of M 10. One person with a score of X 2 is removed from the sample. What is the value for the new sample mean?
13. A sample of n 11 scores has a mean of M 4. One person with a score of X 16 is added to the sample.What is the value for the new sample mean?
12. A sample of n 5 scores has a mean of M 12. If one person with a score of X 8 is removed from the sample, what will be the value for the new mean?
11. A sample of n 8 scores has a mean of M 10. If one new person with a score of X 1 is added to the sample, what will be the value for the new mean?
10. A population with a mean of 10 has X 250.How many scores are in the population?
9. A sample of n 7 scores has a mean of M 9. What is the value of X for this sample?
8. In 2007, professional golfer Tiger Woods competed in 16 PGA golf tournaments. He finished 1st seven times, 2nd three times, and one time each in 6th, 9th, 12th, 15th, 22nd, and 37th. Find his median finishing position for the year. (Assume that finishing position is a discrete variable.)
7. For the following samplea. Assume that the scores are measurements of a continuous variable and find the median by locating the precise midpoint of the distribution.b. Assume that the scores are measurements of a discrete variable and find the median.Scores: 1, 2, 2, 3, 4
6. Find the mean, median, and mode for the scores in the following frequency distribution table:X f 10 1 9 2 8 3 7 3 6 4 5 2
5. Find the mean, median, and mode for the scores in the following frequency distribution table:X f 8 1 7 4 6 2 5 2 4 2 3 1
4. Find the mean, median, and mode for the following sample of scores:8, 7, 8, 8, 4, 9, 10, 7, 8, 8, 9, 8
3. Find the mean, median, and mode for the following sample of scores:6, 2, 4, 1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 3, 2
2. Why is it necessary to have more than one method for measuring central tendency?
1. What general purpose is served by a good measure of central tendency?
22. Schmidt (1994) conducted a series of experiments examining the effects of humor on memory. In one study, participants were shown a list of sentences, of which half were humorous and half were nonhumorous. A humorous example is, “If at first you don’t succeed, you are probably not related to
21. Fowler and Christakis (2008) report that personal happiness tends to be associated with having a social network including many other happy friends. To test this claim, a researcher obtains a sample of n = 16 adults who claim to be happy people and a similar sample of n = 16 adults who describe
20. For the following set of scores:3, 7, 6, 5, 5, 9, 6, 4, 6, 8 10, 2, 7, 4, 9, 5, 6, 3, 8a. Construct a frequency distribution table.b. Sketch a polygon showing the distribution.c. Describe the distribution using the following characteristics:(1) What is the shape of the distribution?(2) What
19. Place the following scores in a frequency distribution table. Based on the frequencies, what is the shape of the distribution?5, 6, 4, 7, 7, 6, 8, 2, 5, 6 3, 1, 7, 4, 6, 8, 2, 6, 5, 7
18. For the following set of scores:Scores: 2, 3, 2, 4, 5, 2, 4, 2, 1, 7 1, 3, 3, 2, 4, 3, 2, 1, 3, 2a. Construct a frequency distribution table.b. Sketch a polygon showing the distribution.c. Describe the distribution using the following characteristics:(1) What is the shape of the
17. For the following set of scores Scores: 7, 8, 5, 7, 6, 8, 9, 7, 4, 8 6, 9, 7, 7, 8, 6, 7, 8, 7a. Place the scores in a frequency distribution table.b. Identify the shape of the distribution.
16. A report from the college dean indicates that for the previous semester, the grade distribution for the Department of Psychology included 135 As, 158 Bs, 140 Cs, 94 Ds, and 53 Fs. Determine what kind of graph would be appropriate for showing this distribution and sketch the frequency
15. Each year the college gives away T-shirts to new students during freshman orientation. The students are allowed to pick the shirt sizes that they want. To determine how many of each size shirt they should order, college officials look at the distribution from last year. The following table
14. A survey given to a sample of 200 college students contained questions about the following variables. For each variable, identify the kind of graph that should be used to display the distribution of scores (histogram, polygon, or bar graph).a. number of pizzas consumed during the previous
13. Find each of the following values for the distribution of scores shown in the frequency distribution polygon.a. Nb. X
12. Sketch a histogram and a polygon showing the distribution of scores presented in the following table:X f 7 1 6 1 5 3 4 6 3 4 2 1
11. For the following set of quiz scores:3, 5, 4, 6, 2, 3, 4, 1, 4, 3 7, 7, 3, 4, 5, 8, 2, 4, 7, 10a. Construct a frequency distribution table to organize the scores.b. Draw a frequency distribution hitogram for these data.
10. Describe the difference in appearance between a bar graph and a histogram and describe the circumstances in which each type of graph is used.
9. What information can you obtain about the scores in a regular frequency distribution table that is not available from a grouped table?
8. Under what circumstances should you use a grouped frequency distribution instead of a regular frequency distribution?
7. For each of the following samples, determine the interval width that is most apporpriate for a grouped frequency distribution and identify the approximate number of intervals needed to cover the range of scores.a. Sample scores range from X 24 to X 41b. Sample scores range from X 46 to X 103c.
6. The following scores are the ages for a random sample of n 30 drivers who were issued speeding tickets in New York during 2008. Determine the best interval width and place the scores in a grouped frequency distribution table. From looking at your table, does it appear that tickets are issued
5. For the following scores, the smallest value is X 8 and the largest value is X 29. Place the scores in a grouped frequency distribution tablea. using an interval width of 2 points.b. using an interval width of 5 points.24, 19, 23, 10, 25, 27, 22, 26 25, 20, 8, 24, 29, 21, 24, 13 23, 27, 24, 16,
4. Find each value requested for the distribution of scores in the following table.a. nb. X
3. Find each value requested for the distribution of scores in the following table.a. nb. Xc. X2 X f 5 2 4 2 3 4 2 0 1 1
2. Construct a frequency distribution table for the following set of scores. Include columns for proportion and percentage in your table.Scores: 5, 7, 8, 4, 7, 9, 6, 6, 5, 3 9, 6, 4, 7, 7, 8, 6, 7, 8, 5
1. Place the following sample of n 20 scores in a frequency distribution table.6, 9, 9, 10, 8, 9, 4, 7, 10, 9 5, 8, 10, 6, 9, 6, 8, 8, 7, 9
23. For the following set of scores, find the value of each expression:a. X2b. (X)2c. (X 3)d. (X 3)
22. Use summation notation to express each of the following calculations:a. Add 1 point to each score, then add the resulting values.b. Add 1 point to each score and square the result, then add the squared values.c. Add the scores and square the sum, then subtract 3 points from the squared value.
21. Two scores, X and Y, are recorded for each of n 4 subjects. For these scores, find the value of each expression.a. Xb. Yc. XY
20. For the following set of scores, find the value of each expression:a. Xb. X2c. (X 4)
19. For the following set of scores, find the value of each expression:a. Xb. X2c. (X 1)d. (X 1)2
18. For the following scores, find the value of each expression:a. Xb. X2c. (X)2d. (X 1)
17. Ford and Torok (2008) found that motivational signs were effective in increasing physical activity on a college campus. Signs such as “Step up to a healthier lifestyle” and “An average person burns 10 calories a minute walking up the stairs” were posted by the elevators and stairs in a
16. Define or give an example of a hypothetical construct.Explain why operational definitions are needed to define and to measure constructs.
15. In an experiment examining the effects of humor on memory, Schmidt (1994) showed participants a list of sentences, half of which were humorous and half were nonhumorous. The participants consistently?recalled more of the humorous sentences than the nonhumorous sentences.a. Identify the
14. Four scales of measurement were introduced in this chapter: nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio.a. What additional information is obtained from measurements on an ordinal scale compared to measurements on a nominal scale?b. What additional information is obtained from measurements on an
13. Explain the difference between a discrete variable and a continuous variable. Give an example of each.
12. Oxytocin is a naturally occurring brain chemical that is nicknamed the “love hormone” because it seems to play a role in the formation of social relationships such as mating pairs and parent-child bonding. A recent study demonstrated that oxytocin appears to increase people’s tendency to
11. A research study comparing college alcohol use in the United States and Canada reports that more Canadian students drink but American students drink more(Kuo, Adlaf, Lee, Gliksman, Demers, and Wechsler, 2002). Is this study an example of an experiment?Explain why or why not.
10. A researcher would like to evaluate the claim that large doses of vitamin C can help prevent the common cold. One group of participants is given a large dose of the vitamin (500 mg per day), and a second group is given a placebo (sugar pill). The researcher records the number of colds each
9. Two researchers are both interested in the relationship between caffeine consumption and activity level for elementary school children. Each obtains a sample of n = 20 children.a. The first researcher interviews each child to determine the level of caffeine consumption. The researcher then
8. Downs and Abwender (2002) found neurological deficits in soccer players who are routinely hit on the head with soccer balls compared to swimmers, who are also athletes but who are not regularly hit in the head. Is this an example of an experimental or a nonexperimental study?
7. Strack, Martin, and Stepper (1988) found that people rated cartoons as funnier when holding a pen in their teeth (which forced them to smile) than when holding a pen in their lips (which forced them to frown). For this study, identify the independent variable and the dependent variable.
6. Describe the goal of an experimental research study and identify the two elements that are necessary for an experiment to achieve its goal.
5. Describe the data for a correlational research study.Explain how correlational research is different from other research evaluating the relationship between two variables.
4. A researcher plans to compare two treatment conditions by measuring one sample in treatment 1 and a second sample in treatment 2. The researcher will then compare the scores for the two treatments. If there is a difference between the two groups of scores,a. Briefly explain how the difference
3. Statistical methods are classified into two major categories: descriptive and inferential. Describe the general purpose for the statistical methods in each category.
2. Define the terms parameter and statistic. Be sure that the concepts of population and sample are included in your definitions.
1. A researcher is interested in the effect of an electrolytic sports drink on the endurance of adolescent boys. A group of 30 boys is selected and half are given a treadmill endurance test while consuming the sports drink and the other half take the test while drinking water. For this study,a.
45. Today’s marketplace offers a wide choice to buyers of sport utility vehicles (SUVs) and pickup trucks. An important factor to many buyers is the resale value of the vehicle. The following table shows the resale value (%) after two years and the suggested retail price for 10 SUVs, 10 small
44. The U.S. Department of Energy’s Fuel Economy Guide provides fuel efficiency data for cars and trucks. A portion of the data for 35 standard pickup trucks produced by Chevrolet and General Motors follows (http://www.fueleconomy.gov, March 21, 2003). The column labeled Drive identifies whether
43. Consumer Reports provided extensive testing and ratings for 24 treadmills. An overall score, based primarily on ease of use, ergonomics, exercise range, and quality, was developed for each treadmill tested. In general, a higher overall score indicates better performance. The following data show
42. SmartMoney magazine evaluated 65 metropolitan areas to determine where home values are headed. An ideal city would get a score of 100 if all factors measured were as favorable as possible. Areas with a score of 60 or greater are considered to be primed for price appreciation, and areas with a
41. The personnel director for Electronics Associates developed the following estimated regression equation relating an employee’s score on a job satisfaction test to years of service and wage rate.where A portion of the Minitab computer output follows.x1 x2 y years of service wage rate job
40. The admissions officer for Clearwater College developed the following estimated regression equation relating final college GPA to the student’s SAT mathematics score and highschool GPA.where A portion of the Minitab computer output follows.x1 x2 y high-school grade point average SAT
39. A partial computer output from a regression analysis follows.a. Compute the appropriate t-ratios.b. Test for the significance of 1 and 2 at α .05.c. Compute the entries in the DF, SS, and MS columns.d. Compute .
38. A 10-year study conducted by the American Heart Association provided data on how age, blood pressure, and smoking relate to the risk of strokes. Assume that the following data are from a portion of this study. Risk is interpreted as the probability (times 100) that the patient will have a
37. The National Football League rates prospects by position on a scale that ranges from 5 to 9. The ratings are interpreted as follows: 8–9 should start the first year; 7.0–7.9 should start; 6.0–6.9 will make the team as backup; and 5.0–5.9 can make the club and contribute.The following
36. This problem is an extension of the situation described in exercise 35.a. Develop the estimated regression equation to predict the repair time given the number of months since the last maintenance service, the type of repair, and the repairperson who performed the service.b. At the .05 level of
35. Refer to the Johnson Filtration problem introduced in this section. Suppose that in addition to information on the number of months since the machine was serviced and whether a mechanical or an electrical repair was necessary, the managers obtained a list showing which repairperson performed
34. Management proposed the following regression model to predict sales at a fast-food outlet.where The following estimated regression equation was developed after 20 outlets were surveyed.a. What is the expected amount of sales attributable to the drive-up window?b. Predict sales for a store with
33. Consider a regression study involving a dependent variable y, a quantitative independent variable x1, and a qualitative independent variable with three possible levels (level 1, level 2, and level 3).a. How many dummy variables are required to represent the qualitative variable?b. Write a
32. Consider a regression study involving a dependent variable y, a quantitative independent variable x1, and a qualitative variable with two levels (level 1 and level 2).a. Write a multiple regression equation relating x1 and the qualitative variable to y.b. What is the expected value of y
31. The Buyer’s Guide section of the Web site for Car and Driver magazine provides reviews and road tests for cars, trucks, SUVs, and vans. The average ratings of overall quality, vehicle styling, braking, handling, fuel economy, interior comfort, acceleration, dependability, fit and finish,
30. In exercise 9 an estimated regression equation was developed relating the top speed for a boat to the boat’s beam and horsepower rating.a. Develop a 95% confidence interval for the mean top speed of a boat with a beam of 85 inches and an engine with a 330 horsepower rating.b. The Svfara SV609
29. In exercise 5, the owner of Showtime Movie Theaters, Inc., used multiple regression analysis to predict gross revenue ( y) as a function of television advertising (x1) and newspaper advertising (x2). The estimated regression equation wasa. What is the gross revenue expected for a week when
28. Refer to the data in exercise 2. The estimated regression equation for those data isa. Develop a 95% confidence interval for the mean value of y when x1 45 and x2 15.b. Develop a 95% prediction interval for y when x1 45 and x2 15.
27. In exercise 1, the following estimated regression equation based on 10 observations was presented.a. Develop a point estimate of the mean value of y when x1 180 and x2 310.b. Develop a point estimate for an individual value of y when x1 180 and x2 310.
26. In exercise 10 an estimated regression equation was developed relating the proportion of games won given the proportion of field goals made by the team, the proportion of three-point shots made by the team’s opponent, and the number of turnovers committed by the team’s opponent.a. Use the F
25. Barron’s conducts an annual review of online brokers, including both brokers that can be accessed via a Web browser, as well as direct-access brokers that connect customers directly with the broker’s network server. Each broker’s offerings and performance are evaluated in six areas, using
24. The Wall Street Journal conducted a study of basketball spending at top colleges. A portion of the data showing the revenue ($ millions), percentage of wins, and the coach’s salary ($ millions) for 39 of the country’s top basketball programs follows (The Wall Street Journal, March 11–12,
23. Refer to exercise 5.a. Use α .01 to test the hypotheses for the model y 0 1x1 2x2 , whereb. Use α .05 to test the significance of 1. Should x1 be dropped from the model?c. Use α .05 to test the significance of 2. Should x2 be dropped from the model?
22. In exercise 4, the following estimated regression equation relating sales to inventory investment and advertising expenditures was given.The data used to develop the model came from a survey of 10 stores; for these data SST 16,000 and SSR 12,000.a. Compute SSE, MSE, and MSR.b. Use an F test
21. The following estimated regression equation was developed for a model involving two independent variables.After x2 was dropped from the model, the least squares method was used to obtain an estimated regression equation involving only x1 as an independent variable.a. Give an interpretation of
20. Refer to the data presented in exercise 2. The estimated regression equation for these data is Here SST 15,182.9, SSR 14,052.2, .2471, and .9484.a. Test for a significant relationship among x1, x2, and y. Use α .05.b. Is 1 significant? Use α .05.c. Is 2 significant? Use α .05.
19. In exercise 1, the following estimated regression equation based on 10 observations was presented.Here SST 6724.125, SSR 6216.375, .0813, and .0567.a. Compute MSR and MSE.b. Compute F and perform the appropriate F test. Use α .05.c. Perform a t test for the significance of 1. Use α
18. Refer to exercise 10, where data were reported on a variety of statistics for the 29 teams in the National Basketball Association for a portion of the 2004 season (http://www.nba.com, January 3, 2004).a. In part (c) of exercise 10, an estimated regression equation was developed relating the
17. In exercise 9, an estimated regression equation was developed relating the top speed for a boat to the boat’s beam and horsepower rating.a. Compute and interpret and R2 and .b. Does the estimated regression equation provide a good fit to the data? Explain.
16. In exercise 6, data were given on the proportion of games won, the number of team home runs, and the earned run average for the team’s pitching staff for the 16 teams in the National League for the 2003 Major League Baseball season (http://www.usatoday.com, January 7, 2004).a. Did the
15. In exercise 5, the owner of Showtime Movie Theaters, Inc., used multiple regression analysis to predict gross revenue ( y) as a function of television advertising (x1) and newspaper advertising (x2). The estimated regression equation was The computer solution provided SST 25.5 and SSR
14. In exercise 4, the following estimated regression equation relating sales to inventory investment and advertising expenditures was given.The data used to develop the model came from a survey of 10 stores; for those data, SST 16,000 and SSR 12,000.a. For the estimated regression equation
13. In exercise 3, the following estimated regression equation based on 30 observations was presented.The values of SST and SSR are 1805 and 1760, respectively.a. Compute R2.b. Compute .c. Comment on the goodness of fit.
12. In exercise 2, 10 observations were provided for a dependent variable y and two independent variables x1 and x2; for these data SST 15,182.9, and SSR 14,052.2.a. Compute R2.b. Compute .c. Does the estimated regression equation explain a large amount of the variability in the data? Explain.
11. In exercise 1, the following estimated regression equation based on 10 observations was presented.The values of SST and SSR are 6724.125 and 6216.375, respectively.a. Find SSE.b. Compute R2.c. Compute .d. Comment on the goodness of fit.
10. The National Basketball Association (NBA) records a variety of statistics for each team.Four of these statistics are the proportion of games won (PCT), the proportion of field goals made by the team (FG%), the proportion of three-point shots made by the team’s opponent(Opp 3 Pt%), and the
9. Waterskiing and wakeboarding are two popular water-sports. Finding a model that best suits your intended needs, whether it is waterskiing, wakeboading, or general boating, can be a difficult task. WaterSki magazine did extensive testing for 88 boats and provided a wide variety of information to
8. The following table gives the annual return, the safety rating (0 riskiest, 10 safest), and the annual expense ratio for 20 foreign funds (Mutual Funds, March 2000).a. Determine the estimated regression equation that can be used to predict the price of a backpack given the capacity and the
7. Designers of backpacks use exotic material such as supernylon Delrin, high-density polyethylene, aircraft aluminum, and thermomolded foam to make packs that fit comfortably and distribute weight to eliminate pressure points. The following data show the capacity(cubic inches), comfort rating, and
6. In baseball, a team’s success is often thought to be a function of the team’s hitting and pitching performance. One measure of hitting performance is the number of home runs the team hits, and one measure of pitching performance is the earned run average for the team’s pitching staff. It

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Essentials Of Statistics For Business And Economics 5th Edition David R. Anderson, Dennis J. Sweeney, Thomas A. Williams - Solutions

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