Essentials Of Statistics For The Behavioral Sciences 9th Edition Frederick J Gravetter, Larry B. Wallnau, Lori Ann B. Forzano - Solutions

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a. PA Compute the range, interquartile range, and standard deviation for the data presented in problem 3.4. The data are reproduced here. (NOTE:To simplify computations for Q, round off the case numbers that mark the first and third quartiles to the nearest whole number.)b. What would happen to the
PA Per capita expenditures for public transportation for 20 cities are reported here for 2000 and 2010.Compute the mean and standard deviation for each year, and describe the differences in expenditures for the ten-year period.
SOC In problem 3.11, you computed measures of central tendency for the number of cars per 1000 population for 15 nations. The scores are reproduced here. Compute the standard deviation for this variable, and write a paragraph summarizing the mean, median, and standard deviation.
SOC The price of a gallon of regular gas for 20 nations is reported below. Compute the mean, median, range, interquartile range, and standard deviation for this variable, and write a paragraph summarizing these statistics.
SOC Data on several variables measuring overall health and well-being for 11 nations are reported here for 2010, with projections to 2020. Are nations becoming more or less diverse on these variables? Calculate the mean, range, and standard deviation for each year for each variable. Summarize the
Compute the standard deviation for the pretest and posttest scores that were used in problems 2.6 and 3.12. The scores are reproduced here. Taking into account all of the information you have on these variables, write a paragraph describing how the sample changed from test to test. What does the
SOC Labor force participation rates (percent employed), percent high school graduates, and mean income for males and females in ten states are reported here. Calculate the mean and the standard deviation for both groups for each variable and describe the differences. Are males and females unequal
SOC In problem 3.6, you computed mean and median income for the 13 Canadian provinces and territories and for 13 U.S. states in two separate years.Now compute the standard deviation and range for each year, and, taking account of the two measures of central tendency and the two measures of
SOC In problem 3.5 at the end of Chapter 3, you calculated measures of central tendency for four variables for 15 respondents. Two of those variables are reproduced here. Calculate the mean (if necessary), the range, and the standard deviation for each variable.What information is added by the
SOC In problem 3.1 at the end of Chapter 3, you calculated measures of central tendency for six variables for freshmen and seniors. Three of those variables are reproduced here. Calculate the mean (if necessary), the range, and the standard deviation for each variable. What information is added by
Compute the range and standard deviation of the following 10 scores. (HINT: It will be helpful to organize your computations as in Table 4.4.)10, 12, 15, 20, 25, 30, 32, 35, 40, 50
SOC In this exercise, you will use SPSS to get measures of central tendency for several different variables in the Intl-POP data set, which is available from the website for this text. This data set includes information on 99 nations.● Find and click the SPSS icon on your desktop.● Load the
SOC In this exercise, you will use SPSS to get measures of central tendency for several different variables in the GSS2012 data set, which is available from the website for this text. In this data set, the cases are a representative sample (see Chapter 1) of the U.S. population.● Find and click
SOC In this exercise, you will use SPSS to get measures of central tendency for several different variables in the States data set, which is available from the website for this text.● Find and click the SPSS icon on your desktop.● Load the States data set.● From the menu bar across the top of
SOC Professional athletes are threatening to strike because they claim that they are underpaid. The team owners have released a statement that says, in part,“The average salary for players was $1.2 million last year.” The players counter by issuing their own statement that says, in part, “The
SOC You have compiled the following information on each of the graduates voted “most likely to succeed” by a local high school for a 10-year period.For each variable, find the appropriate measure of central tendency.Case Present Income ($)Marital Status Owns a Home?Years of Education Post-High
SOC A sample of 25 freshmen at a major university completed a survey that measured their degree of racial prejudice (the higher the score, the greater the prejudice).a. Compute the median and mean scores for these data.b. These same 25 students completed the same survey during their senior year.
SW Compute the median and mean for both the pretest and posttest for the test scores first presented in problem 2.6 and reproduced here. Interpret these statistics
SOC The following table lists the approximate number of cars per 1000 population for 15 nations.Compute the mean and median for these data. Which is greater in value? Is there a positive skew in the data? How do you know?
SW As the head of a social services agency, you believe that your staff of 20 social workers is very much overworked compared with 10 years ago. The case loads for each worker are reported below for each of the two years in question. Has the average caseload increased? Which measure of central
SOC The college administration is considering a total ban on student automobiles. You have conducted a poll on this issue of 20 fellow students and 20 of the neighbors who live around the campus and have calculated scores for your respondents. On the scale you used, a high score indicates strong
SOC The accompanying table gives scores on four variables for 30 cases from the General Social Survey:● “Age” is reported in years.2 Part I DESCrIPtIvE StatIStICS ● “Happiness” consists of answers to the question “Taken all together, would you say that you are 1. very happy 2. pretty
SOC Find the appropriate measure of central tendency for each variable displayed in problem 2.5. Report each statistic as you would in a formal research report.
SOC The following tables list the median family incomes for the 13 Canadian provinces and territories in 2000 and 2011 and for 13 states of the United States in 1999 and 2012. For the provinces and the states, compute the mean and median family income for each year and compare the two measures of
SOC Data have been gathered on four variables for 15 respondents (see the following table). Find and report the appropriate measure of central tendency for each variable. (On the “Attitude on Abortion” scale, a high score indicates strong opposition.)
PA The following table presents the annual personhours of time lost due to traffic congestion for a group of cities for 2009. This statistic is a measure of traffic congestiona. Calculate the mean and median of this distribution.b. Compare the mean and median. Which is the higher value? Why?c. If
PS You have been observing the local Democratic Party in a large city and have compiled some information about a small sample of party regulars. Find the appropriate measure of central tendency for each variable.
A variety of information has been collected for all district high schools. Find the most appropriate measure of central tendency for each variable, and summarize this information in a paragraph. (HINT: The level of measurement of the variable will generally tell you which measure of central
SOC A variety of information has been gathered from a sample of college freshmen and seniors, including● Their region of birth;● The extent to which they support legalization of marijuana (measured on a scale on which 7 5 strong support, 4 5 neutral, and 1 5 strong opposition);● The amount of
SOC In this exercise, you will use the GSS2012.sav database to produce pie charts and bar charts for religious denomination (relig) and a line chart and histogram for hours worked (hrs1). With the GSS2012.sav data loaded, click Graphs and then Legacy Dialogs. The submenu displays the types of
SOC In this exercise, you will use the GSS2012.sav database supplied with this text to produce frequency distributions and bar charts or pie charts for three variables. The steps are the same as in the “Using SPSS:Frequency Distributions” section of this chapter, except that you will choose
SOC In this exercise, you will use SPSS to graph trends in crime in the United States. You will use the CrimeTrends84-12 data set, which is available from the website for this text.● Find and click the SPSS icon on your desktop.● Load the CrimeTrends84-12 data set.● From the menu bar across
PA/CJ As part of an evaluation of the efficiency of your local police force, you have gathered the following data on police response time to calls for assistance during two different years. (Response times were rounded off to whole minutes.) Convert both frequency distributions into percentages,
SOC Twenty-five students completed a questionnaire that measured their attitudes toward interpersonal violence. A high score indicates that the respondent believed that physical force could legitimately be used in many situations. Low scores mean that the respondent thought that violence could be
GER Twenty-five residents of a community for senior citizens were asked to keep track of the number of hours they watched TV during the past week.20 2 12 7 32 7 10 7 13 17 14 15 15 9 27 5 21 4 7 6 2 18 10 5 11a. Construct a frequency distribution to display these data.b. What are the midpoints of
SOC Sixteen high school students completed a class to prepare them for college entrance examinations. Their scores were as follows.420 345 560 650 459 499 500 657 467 480 505 555 480 520 530 589 These same 16 students were given a test of math and verbal ability to measure their readiness for
SW A local youth service agency has begun a sex education program for teenage girls who have been referred by the juvenile courts. The girls were given a 20-item test for general knowledge about sex, contraception, and anatomy and physiology upon admission to the program and again after completion
SOC The scores of 15 respondents on four variables are as reported here. These scores were taken from a public-opinion survey called the General Social Survey (GSS), the data set used for the computer exercises in this text. For the actual questions, see Appendix G. The numerical codes for the
CJ The numbers of homicides in five U.S. states and five Canadian provinces for the years 1997 and 2012 are presented in two accompanying tables.a. Calculate the homicide rate per 100,000 population for each state and each province for each year.Relatively speaking, which state and which province
CJ The town of Shinbone, Kansas, has a population of 211,732 and experienced 47 bank robberies, 13 murders, and 23 auto thefts during the past year.Compute a rate for each type of crime per 100,000 population. (HINT: Make sure that you set up the fraction with size of population in the denominator.)
SOC At St. Winnefred Hospital, the numbers of males and females in various job categories are as follows:Read each question carefully before constructing the fraction and solving for the answer. (HINT: Be sure you place the proper number in the denominator of each fraction. For example, some
SOC The table that follows reports the marital status of 20 respondents in two different apartment complexes. (HINT: As you solve these problems, make sure that you have the correct numbers in the numerator and denominator. For example, problem 2.1a asks for “the percentage of respondents in each
Identify all variables in the research situations listed below and classify them by their level of measurement. Which variables are independent and which are dependent?a. A researcher is wondering about racial preferences in dating among college students and asks a large sample of undergraduates
For each of the first 20 items in the General Social Survey (see Appendix G), indicate the level of measurement.
For each of the following research situations, identify the level of measurement of all variables. Also, decide which statistical applications are used: descriptive statistics (single variable), descriptive statistics(two or more variables), or inferential statistics. Remember that it is quite
For each research project listed here, identify the variables and classify them in terms of level of measurement and whether they are independent or dependent.a. For a research project in a political science course, a student collected information for 50 nations. She used infant mortality rates
Following are brief descriptions of how researchers measured a variable. For each situation, determine the level of measurement of the variable.a. Race or ethnicity. Check all that apply:Black White Hispanic Asian or Pacific Islander Native American Other (Please specify: )b. Honesty. Subjects were
For each of the following items from a public-opinion survey, indicate the level of measurement.PROBLEMSa. In what country were you born?b. What is your age?c. How many years of school have you completed?d. What is your occupation?e. If you were asked to use one of these four names for your social
Find a research article in any social science journal.Choose an article on a subject of interest to you, and don’t worry about being able to understand all of the statistics that are reported.a. How much of the article is devoted to statistics?b. Is the research based on a sample from some
Use SPSS to generate partial correlations and conduct multiple regression analysis.
Calculate and interpret the coefficient of multiple determination (R2).
Find and interpret standardized partial slopes or beta-weights (b*).
Use SPSS to find correlations and conduct regression analysis.
Use regression and correlation techniques to analyze and describe a bivariate relationship in terms of the three questions introduced in Chapter 11.
Interpret a scatterplot.
Use SPSS to calculate column percentages for a bivariate table and produce nominal and ordinal measures of association.
Compute and interpret Spearman’s rho, a measure of association for “continuous”ordinal-level variables.
Assess the association of variables in a bivariate table bya. Calculating and interpreting column percentages.b. Computing and interpreting an appropriate measure of association.
Answer three questions about a bivariate relationship:a. Does it exist?b. How strong is it?c. What is its pattern or direction?
Define association in the context of bivariate tables.
Use measures of association to describe and analyze the importance (vs. statistical significance) of a bivariate relationship.
Use SPSS to conduct the chi square test of significance.
Explain the logic of hypothesis testing in terms of chi square.
Identify and explain examples of situations in which the chi square test is appropriate.
Use SPSS to conduct the analysis of variance test.
Define and explain the concepts of population variance, total sum of squares, sum of squares between, sum of squares within, and mean square estimates.
Identify and cite examples of situations in which analysis of variance (ANOVA) is appropriate.
Use SPSS to conduct a test of significance for the difference between sample means.
Explain the logic of hypothesis testing, including the concepts of the null hypothesis, the sampling distribution, the alpha level, and the test statistic.
Use SPSS to get sample statistics to use in the construction of confidence intervals.
Construct and interpret confidence intervals using sample means and sample proportions.
Differentiate among the sampling distribution, the sample, and the population.
Explain the basic techniques of random sampling and these key concepts:population, sample, parameter, statistic, representative, EPSEM.
Use SPSS to produce the standard deviation and range.
Analyze a boxplot.
Compute and explain the range (R), the interquartile range (Q), the standard deviation (s), and the variance (s2).
Use SPSS to produce means, medians, and modes
Use SPSS to generate and analyze frequency distributions and graphs.
Analyze bar and pie charts, histograms, and line graphs.
Explain how descriptive statistics can make data understandable.
Distinguish among three applications of statistics and identify situations in which each is appropriate.
Describe the terminology that is used for ANOVA, especially the terms factor and level, identify the hypotheses for this test, and identify each in the context of a research example.
Identify the circumstances in which you should use ANOVA instead of t tests to evaluate mean differences, and explain why.
Describe the F-ratio that is used in ANOVA and explain how it is related to the t statistic.
Identify the sources that contribute to the variance between-treatments and the variance within-treatments, and describe how these two variances are compared in the F-ratio to evaluate the null hypothesis.
Calculate the three SS values, the three df values, and the two mean squares(MS values) that are needed for the F-ratio and describe the relationships among them.
Dene the df values for an F-ratio and use the df values, together with an alpha level, to locate the critical region in the distribution of F-ratios.
Conduct a complete ANOVA to evaluate the differences among a set of means and compute a measure of effect size to describe the mean differences.
Explain how the results from an ANOVA and measures of effect size are reported in the scientic literature.
Describe the circumstances in which post hoc tests are necessary and explain what the tests accomplish.
Explain how the outcome of an ANOVA and measures of effect size are inuenced by sample size, sample variance, and sample mean differences.
Explain the relationship between the independent-measures t test and an ANOVA when evaluating the difference between two means from an independent-measures study
How many levels are there in a single-factor independent-measures design comparing depression scores of participants with and without treatment?a. 1b. 2c. 3d. 4
When is the distinction between the “testwise” alpha level and the“experimentwise” alpha level important?a. Whenever you do an analysis of varianceb. When the study is comparing exactly two treatmentsc. When the study is comparing more than two treatmentsd. Only when there are fewer than 30
Which of the following accurately describes the F-ratio in an analysis of variance?a. The F-ratio is a ratio of two (or more) sample means.b. The F-ratio is a ratio of two variances.c. The F-ratio is a ratio of sample means divided by sample variances.d. None of the above
For an analysis of variance, the differences between the sample means contribute to the _________ and appears in the _________ of the F-ratio.a. variance between treatments, numeratorb. variance between treatments, denominatorc. variance within treatments, numeratord. variance within treatments,
What is suggested by a large value for the F-ratio in an ANOVA?a. There is a treatment effect and the null hypothesis should be rejected.b. There is no treatment effect and the null hypothesis should be rejected.c. There is a treatment effect and you should fail to reject the null hypothesis.d.
An analysis of variances produces dfbetween treatments 5 2 and dfwithin treatments 5 24.For this analysis, what is dftotal?a. 26b. 27c. 28d. Cannot be determined without additional information
An analysis of variance is used to evaluate the mean differences among three treatment conditions. The analysis produces SSwithin treatments 5 20, SSbetween treatments 5 40, and SStotal 5 60.For this analysis, what is MSbetween treatments?a. 20 3b. 20 2c. 40 3d. 40 2
A research study compares three treatments with n 5 5 in each treatment. If the SS values for the three treatments are 25, 20, and 15, then the analysis of variance would produce SSwithin equal to ______.a. 12b. 20c. 60d. Cannot be determined from the information given

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Essentials Of Statistics For The Behavioral Sciences 9th Edition Frederick J Gravetter, Larry B. Wallnau, Lori Ann B. Forzano - Solutions

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