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Operations Management For Competitive Advantage 11th Edition Richard B. Chase, F. Robert Jacobs - Solutions
13 Product A is an end item and is made from two units of B and four of C. B is made of three units of D and two of E. C is made of two units of F and two of E. A has a lead time of one week. B, C, and E have lead times of two weeks, and D and F have lead times of three weeks. a Show the bill of
10 Each unit of A is composed of one unit of B, two units of C, and one unit of D. C is composed of two units of D and three units of E. Items A, C, D, and E have on-hand inventories of 20, 10, 20, and 10 units, respectively. Item B has a scheduled receipt of 10 units in Period 1, and C has a
9 One unit of A is composed of 2 units of B and three units of C. Each B is composed of one unit of F. C is made of one unit of D, one unit of E, and two units of F. Items A, B, C, and D have 20, 50, 60, and 25 units of on-hand inventory. Items A, B, and C use lot-for-lot (L4L) as their lot-sizing
8 One unit of A is made of two units of B and one unit of C. B is made of three units of D and one unit of F. C is composed of three units of B, one unit of D, and four units of E. D is made of one unit of E. ItemC has a lead time of one week; Items A, B, E, and F have two-week lead times; and Item
7 One unit of A is made of one unit of B and one unit of C. B is made of four units of C and one unit each of E and F. C is made of two units of D and one unit of E. E is made of three units of F. Item C has a lead time of one week; Items A, B, E, and F have two-week lead times; and Item D has a
6 One unit of A is made of two units of B, three units of C, and two units of D. B is composed of one unit of E and two units of F. C is made of two units of F and one unit of D. E is made of two units of D. Items A, C, D, and F have one-week lead times; B and E have lead times of two weeks.
4 Assume that Product Z is made of two units of A and four units of B. A is made of three units of C and four D. D is made of two units of E. Lead times for purchase or fabrication of each unit to final assembly are: Z takes two weeks; A, B, C, and D take one week each; and E takes three weeks.
3 Repeat Solved Problem 1 using current on-hand inventories of 20 X, 40 Y, 30 Z, 50 A, 100 B, and 900 C.
9 State the types of data that would be carried in the bill of materials file and the inventory record file.
8 What are the sources of demand in an MRP system? Are these dependent or independent, and how are they used as inputs to the system?
7 "MRP just prepares shopping lists. It does not do the shopping or cook the dinner." Comment.
6 Discuss the importance of the master production schedule in an MRP system.
5 Contrast the significance of the term lead time in the traditional EOQ context and in an MRP system.
4 How does MRP relate to CIM? (See Supplement B.)
3 What is the role of safety stock in an MRP system?
2 Many practitioners currently update MRP weekly or biweekly. Would it be more valuable if it were updated daily? Discuss.
1 Discuss the meaning of MRP terms such as planned order release and scheduled order receipts.
Product M is made of two units of N and three of P. N is made of two units of R and four units of S. R is made of one unit of S and three units of T. P is made of two units of T and four units of U.a. Show the bill of materials (product structure tree).b. If 100 M are required, how many units of
Product X is made of two units of Y and three of Z. Y is made of one unit of A and two units of B. Z is made of two units of A and four units of C. Lead time for X is one week; Y, two weeks; Z, three weeks; A, two weeks; B, one week; and C, three weeks.a. Draw the bill of materials (product
4 What is your recommendation to HP? The DeskJet printer was introduced in 1988 and has become one of Hewlett-Packard's (HP's) most successful products. Sales have grown steadily, reaching a level of over 600,000 units in 1990. Unfortunately, inventory growth has tracked sales growth closely. HP's
3 Evaluate the idea of supplying generic printers to the Europe DC and integrating the product by packaging the power sup- ply and the instruction manual at the DC just prior to deliv- ery to the European resellers. Focus on the impact on DC inventory investment in this analysis. The DeskJet
2 Compare your results from question 1 to the current policy of carrying one month's average inventory at the DC. The DeskJet printer was introduced in 1988 and has become one of Hewlett-Packard's (HP's) most successful products. Sales have grown steadily, reaching a level of over 600,000 units in
1 Develop an inventory model for managing the DeskJet printers in Europe assuming that the Vancouver plant con- tinues to produce the six models sold in Europe. Using the data in Exhibit 15.15, apply your model and calculate the expected yearly investment in DeskJet printer inventory in the Europe
30 A local service station is open 7 days per week, 365 days per year. Sales of 10W40 grade pre- mium oil average 20 cans per day. Inventory holding costs are $0.50 per can per year. Ordering costs are $10 per order, Lead time is two weeks. Backorders are not practical-the motorist drives away.a.
19 University Drug Pharmaceuticals orders its antibiotics every two weeks (14 days) when a sales- person visits from one of the pharmaceutical companies. Tetracycline is one of its most pro- scribed antibiotics, with average daily demand of 2,000 capsules. The standard deviation of daily demand was
18 Daily demand for a product is 60 units with a standard deviation of 10 units. The review peri- od is 10 days, and lead time is 2 days. At the time of review there are 100 units in stock. If 98 percent service probability is desired, how many units should be ordered?
17 Retailers Warehouse (RW) is an independent supplier of household items to department stores. RW attempts to stock enough items for a 98 percent service probability. A stainless steel knife set is one item it stocks. Demand (2,400 sets per year) is relatively sta- ble over the entire year.
16 Gentle Ben's Bar and Restaurant uses 5,000 quart bottles of an imported wine each year. The effervescent wine costs $3 per bottle and is served only in whole bottles because it loses its bub- bles quickly. Ben figures that it costs $10 each time an order is placed, and holding costs are 20
13 Annual demand for a product is 13,000 units; weekly demand is 250 units with a standard deviation of 40 units. The cost of placing an order is $100, and the time from ordering to receipt is four weeks. The annual inventory carrying cost is $0.65 per unit. To provide a 98 percent service
12 Item X is a standard item stocked in a company's inventory of component parts. Each year the firm, on a random basis, uses about 2,000 of item X, which costs $25 each. Storage costs, which include insurance and cost of capital, amount to $5 per unit of average inventory. Every time an order is
11 Daily demand for a product is 100 units, with a standard deviation of 25 units. The review peri- od is 10 days and the lead time is 6 days. At the time of review there are 50 units in stock. If 98 percent service probability is desired, how many units should be ordered?
10 The annual demand for a product is 15,600 units. The weekly demand is 300 units with a standard deviation of 90 units. The cost to place an order is $31.20, and the time from ordering to receipt is four weeks. The annual inventory carrying cost is $0.10 per unit. Find the reorder point necessary
9 Demand for an item is 1,000 units per year. Each order placed costs $10; the annual cost to carry items in inventory is $2 each.a. In what quantities should the item be ordered?b. Supposing a $100 discount on each order is given if orders are placed in quantities of 500 or more. Should orders be
7 Lieutenant Commander Data is planning to make his monthly (every 30 days) trek to Gamma Hydra City to pick up a supply of isolinear chips. The trip will take Data about two days. Before he leaves, he calls in the order to the GHC Supply Store. He uses chips at an average rate of five per day
5 Charlie's Pizza orders all of its pepperoni, olives, anchovies, and mozzarella cheese to be shipped directly from Italy. An American distributor stops by every four weeks to take orders. Because the orders are shipped directly from Italy, they take three weeks to arrive. Charlie's Pizza uses an
4 Dunstreet's Department Store would like to develop an inventory ordering policy of a 95 per- cent probability of not stocking out. To illustrate your recommended procedure, use as an example the ordering policy for white percale sheets. Demand for white percale sheets is 5,000 per year. The store
3 Ray's Satellite Emporium wishes to determine the best order size for its best-selling satellite dish (model TS111). Ray has estimated the annual demand for this model at 1,000 units. His cost to carry one unit is $100 per year per unit, and he has estimated that each order costs $25 to place.
2 Next week, Super Discount Airlines has a flight from New York to Los Angeles that will be booked to capacity. The airline knows from past history that an average of 25 customers (with a standard deviation of 15) cancel their reservation or do not show for the flight. Revenue from a ticket on the
1 The local supermarket buys lettuce each day to ensure really fresh produce. Each morning any lettuce that is left from the previous day is sold to a dealer that resells it to farmers who use it to feed their animals. This week the supermarket can buy fresh lettuce for $4.00 a box. The let- tuce
10 Why is it desirable to classify items into groups, as the ABC classification does?
9 Which type of inventory system would you use in the following situations?a. Supplying your kitchen with fresh food.b. Obtaining a daily newspaper.c. Buying gas for your car. To which of these items do you impute the highest stockout cost?
8 "The nice thing about inventory models is that you can pull one off the shelf and apply it so long as your cost estimates are accurate." Comment.
7 Discuss the assumptions that are inherent in production setup cost, ordering cost, and carrying costs. How valid are they?
6 What two basic questions must be answered by an inventory-control decision nule?
5 Discuss the general procedure for determining the order quantity when price breaks are involved. Would there be any differences in procedure if holding cost were a fixed percentage of price rather than a constant amount?
4 Under which conditions would a plant manager elect to use a fixed-order quantity model as opposed to a fixed-time period model? What are the disadvantages of using a fixed-time period ordering system?
3 Discuss the nature of the costs that affect inventory size.
2 Distinguish between in-process inventory, safety stock inventory, and seasonal inventory.
1 Distinguish between dependent and independent demand in a McDonald's restaurant, in an integrated manufacturer of personal copiers, and in a pharmaceutical supply house.
A company currently has 200 units of a product on hand that it orders every two weeks when the salesperson visits the premises. Demand for the product averages 20 units per day with a standard deviation of 5 units. Lead time for the product to arrive is seven days. Management has a goal of a 95
Daily demand for a product is 120 units, with a standard deviation of 30 units. The review period is 14 days and the lead time is 7 days. At the time of review, 130 units are in stock. If only a 1 percent risk of stocking out is acceptable, how many units should be ordered?
Items purchased from a vendor cost $20 each, and the forecast for next year's demand is 1,000 units. If it costs $5 every time an order is placed for more units and the storage cost is $4 per unit per year, what quantity should be ordered each time?a. What is the total ordering cost for a year?b.
Consider the following case, where D= 10,000 units (annual demand) S= $20 to place each order i=20 percent of cost (annual carrying cost, storage, interest, obsolescence, etc.) C = Cost per unit (according to the order size; orders of 0 to 499 units, $5.00 per unit; 500 to 999, $4.50 per unit;
Consider the following item that is being managed using a fixed-time period model with safety stock. Weekly demand (d) = 50 units Review cycle (T) = 3 weeks Safety stock (SS) = 30 units What are the average inventory level and inventory tum for the item?
Suppose the following item is being managed using a fixed-order quantity model with safety stock. Annual demand (D) = 1,000 units Order quantity () = 300 units Safety stock (SS)=40 units What are the average inventory level and inventory tum for the item?
Daily demand for a product is 10 units with a standard deviation of 3 units. The review period is 30 days, and lead time is 14 days. Management has set a policy of satisfying 98 percent of demand from items in stock. At the beginning of this review period, there are 150 units in inventory. How many
Daily demand for a certain product is nomally distributed with a mean of 60 and standard deviation of 7. The source of supply is reliable and maintains a constant lead time of six days. The cost of placing the order is $10 and annual holding costs are $0.50 per unit. There are no stockout costs,
Consider an economic order quantity case where annual demand D= 1,000 units, economic order quan- tity Q=200 units, the desired probability of not stocking out P=.95, the standard deviation of demand during lead time = 25 units, and lead time L= 15 days. Determine the reorder point. Assume that
A hotel near the university always fills up on the evening before football games. History has shown that when the hotel is fully booked, the number of last-minute cancellations has a mean of 5 and standard deviation of 3. The average room rate is $80. When the hotel is overbooked, policy is to find
10 Develop a production schedule to produce the exact production requirements by varying the workforce size for the following problem. Use the example in the chapter as a guide (Plan 1). The monthly forecasts for Product X for January, February, and March are 1,000, 1,500, and 1,200, respectively.
5 Plan production for the next year. The demand forecast is spring, 20,000; summer, 10,000; fall, 15,000; winter, 18,000. At the beginning of spring you have 70 workers and 1,000 units in inven- tory. The union contract specifies that you may lay off workers only once a year, at the beginning of
4 Plan production for a four-month period: February through May. For February and March, you should produce to exact demand forecast. For April and May, you should use overtime and inventory with a stable workforce; stable means that the number of workers needed for March will be held constant
3 Develop a production plan and calculate the annual cost for a firm whose demand forecast is fall, 10,000; winter, 8,000; spring, 7,000; summer, 12,000. Inventory at the beginning of fall is 500 units. At the beginning of fall you currently have 30 workers, but you plan to hire temporary workers
2 Assume that Alexandra Industries has purchased Jason Enterprises (see the solved problem) and has instituted Japanese-style management in which workers are guaranteed a job for life (with no layoffs). Based on the data in Problem 1 (and additional information provided here), develop a production
1 For the solved problem, devise the least costly plan you can. You may choose your starting work- force level.
9 How would you apply yield management concepts to a barbershop? A soft drink vending machine?
8 Review the opening vignette. How does sales and operations planning help resolve product short- age problems?
7 In which way does the time horizon chosen for an aggregate plan determine whether it is the best plan for the fim?
6 How does forecast accuracy relate, in general, to the practical application of the aggregate plan- ning models discussed in the chapter?
5 Compare the best plans in the CA&J Company and the Tucson Parks and Recreation Department. What do they have in common?
4 Define level scheduling. How does it differ from the pure strategies in production planning?
3 Distinguish between pure and mixed strategies in production planning.
2 What are the basic controllable variables of a production planning problem? What are the four major costs?
1 What is the major difference between aggregate planning in manufacturing and aggregate plan- ning in services?
28 Assume an initial starting F, of 300 units, a trend of 8 units, an alpha of 30, and a delta of .40. If actual demand tumed out to be 288, calculate the forecast for the next period.
16 Causal relationships are potentially useful for which component of a time series?
15 What are the strongest selling points of focused forecasting?
14 What implications do forecast errors have for the search for ultrasophisticated statistical fore- casting models?
13 Discuss the basic differences between the mean absolute deviation and the standard deviation.
12 How is a seasonal index computed from a regression line analysis?
11 What are the main problems with using adaptive exponential smoothing in forecasting?
10 What is the main disadvantage of daily forecasting using regression analysis?
9 Give some examples that have a multiplicative seasonal trend relationship.
8 From the choice of simple moving average, weighted moving average, exponential smoothing, and linear regression analysis, which forecasting technique would you consider the most accu- rate? Why?
7 All forecasting methods using exponential smoothing, adaptive smoothing, and exponential smoothing including trend require starting values to get the equations going. How would you select the starting value for, say, F-1?
6 What strategies are used by supermarkets, airlines, hospitals, banks, and cereal manufacturers to influence demand?
5 Give some very simple rules you might use to manage demand for a firm's product. (An exam- ple is "limited to stock on hand.")
4 Explain the procedure to create a forecast using the decomposition method of least squares regression.
3 What is the logic in the least squares method of linear regression analysis?
2 Examine Exhibit 13.4 and suggest which model you might use for (a) bathing suit demand, (b) demand for new houses, (c) electrical power usage, (d) new plant expansion plans.
1 What is the difference between dependent and independent demand?
Assume that in past years, a firm sold an average of 1,000 units of a particular product line each year. On the average, 200 units were sold in the spring, 350 in the summer, 300 in the fall, and 150 in the winter. The seasonal factor (or index) is the ratio of the amount sold during each season
Assume an initial starting F, of 100 units, a trend of 10 units, an alpha of 20, and a delta of .30. If actual demand tumed out to be 115 rather than the forecast 100, calculate the forecast for the next period.
16 A fast-food trainee takes an hour to prepare his first 20 sandwiches, 45 minutes for the second 20, and 38 minutes for the third 20. What will his production rate be after 24 hours of experience?
15 A new bank clerk needed an hour to encode his first 500 checks, 51 minutes for the second 500, and 46 minutes for the third 500. After how many batches of 500 checks will he be able to work at the standard rate of 1,000 checks per hour?
13 FES Auto has recently hired Meg the mechanic to specialize in front-end alignments. Although she is a trained auto mechanic, she has not used FES's brand of equipment before taking this job. The standard time allocated for a front-end alignment is 30 minutes. Her first front-end alignment took
12 Westem Turbine, Inc., has just completed the production of the 10th unit of a new high- efficiency turbine/generator. Its analysis showed that a learning rate of 85 percent existed over the production of the 10 units. If the 10th unit contained labor costs of $2.5 million, what price should
11 A potentially large customer offered to subcontract assembly work that is profitable only if you can perform the operations at an average time of less than 20 hours each. The contract is for 1,000 units. You run a test and do the first one in 50 hours and the second one in 40 hours.a. How long
10 United Assembly Products (UAP) has a personnel screening process for job applicants to test their ability to perform at the department's long-term average rate. UAP has asked you to mod- ify the test by incorporating leaming theory. From the company's data, you discovered that if people can
9 United Research Associates (URA) had received a contract to produce two units of a new cruise missile guidance control. The first unit took 4,000 hours to complete and cost $30,000 in mate- rials and equipment usage. The second took 3,200 hours and cost $21,000 in materials and equipment usage. I
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