An Introduction To Project Management 4th Edition Kathy Schwalbe - Solutions

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17. Our executives have recognized what must be done in order to achieve maturity in project management.(−3 −2 −1 0 +1 +2 +3)
16. My company has developed a project management curriculum (i.e., more than one or two courses) to enhance the project management skills of our employees.(−3 −2 −1 0 +1 +2 +3)
15. My company has successfully integrated cost and schedule control for both managing projects and reporting status.(−3 −2 −1 0 +1 +2 +3)
14. Our executives have recognized or identified the applications of project management to various parts of our business.(−3 −2 −1 0 +1 +2 +3)
13. Our executives both understand project sponsorship and serve as project sponsors on selected projects.(−3 −2 −1 0 +1 +2 +3)
12. Our lower- and middle-level line managers have been trained and educated in project management.(−3 −2 −1 0 +1 +2 +3)
11. My company has selected one or more project management software packages to be used as the project tracking system.(−3 −2 −1 0 +1 +2 +3)
10. The executives in my organization have a good understanding of the principles of project management.(−3 −2 −1 0 +1 +2 +3)
9. Our line managers are committed not only to project management but also to the promises made to project managers for deliverables.(−3 −2 −1 0 +1 +2 +3)
8. My company is doing everything possible to minimize creeping scope (i.e., scope changes) on our projects.(−3 −2 −1 0 +1 +2 +3)
7. Our lower- and middle-level line managers totally and visibly support the project management process.(−3 −2 −1 0 +1 +2 +3)
6. My company is committed to quality up-front planning. We try to do the best we can at planning.(−3 −2 −1 0 +1 +2 +3)
5. Our executives visibly support project management through executive presentations and correspondence, and by occasionally attending project team meetings/briefings.(−3 −2 −1 0 +1 +2 +3)
4. My company (or division) has a well-definable project management methodology using life-cycle phases.(−3 −2 −1 0 +1 +2 +3)
3. My company has recognized the benefits that are possible from implementing project management. These benefits have been recognized at all levels of management, including senior management.(−3 −2 −1 0 +1 +2 +3)
2. My company has a system in place to manage both cost and schedule. The system requires charge numbers and cost account codes. The system reports variances from planned targets.(−3 −2 −1 0 +1 +2 +3)
1. My company recognizes the need for project management. This need is recognized at all levels of management, including senior management.(−3 −2 −1 0 +1 +2 +3)
80. During a project review meeting, you discover that the planned value is $400,000, the actual costs are $325,000, and the earned value is $300,000. You can therefore conclude that:A. The project is behind schedule and overrunning costs.B. The project is ahead of schedule, but costs are higher
79. The project communications management plan should:A. State communications skills to use.B. Describe methods used to gather and store information.C. Provide information to stakeholders as to how resources are being used to meet project objectives.D. Describe relationships between the
78. The overall intentions and directions of an organization with regard to quality is the purpose of:A. The total quality management movement B. The quality assurance process C. The quality planning process D. The organization’s quality policy
77. In source selection, a weighting system may be used for all but one of the following purposes:A. To rank-order all proposals to establish a negotiating sequence B. To select a single source who will be asked to sign a standard contract C. To establish minimum requirements of performance for one
76. One purpose of risk control is to:A. See if assumptions are still valid.B. Determine whether risk-response actions are as effective as expected.C. Assess whether a risk trigger has occurred.D. Take corrective action.
75. If you want to describe where the project now stands, you should:A. Prepare an estimate to complete.B. Prepare an earned value analysis.C. Prepare a status report.D. Prepare a progress report.
74. Action taken to bring a defective or nonconforming item in compliance with requirements or specifications is the purpose of:A. Rework B. Control charts C. Audits D. Process adjustments
73. An advantage of the analogous cost-estimating technique is:A. It provides greater accuracy than parametric estimating.B. Historical information is not required.C. Expert judgment is never needed.D. Lower costs are involved in its use than with definitive estimates.
72. The process of assessing the impact and exposure of identified risks is known as:A. Risk-management planning B. Risk-response planning C. Qualitative risk analysis D. Quantitative risk analysis
71. Assigning resources in an attempt to find the shortest project schedule consistent with fixed resource limits is called:A. Resource allocation B. Resource partitioning C. Resource leveling D. Resource quantification
70. In project communications management, in order to ensure that the information needs of various stakeholders are met, you should:A. Prepare a stakeholder analysis.B. Establish an information distribution system.C. Assess communications skills.D. Evaluate available communications technologies.
69. During the procurement planning process, it is important to assess the current project boundaries. This can be done by reviewing the:A. Results of the make-or-buy analysis B. Product description C. Scope statement D. Constraints and assumptions
68. Taking action to increase the effectiveness and efficiency of the project to provide added benefits to the stakeholders is the purpose of:A. Quality planning B. Inspections C. Quality audits D. Quality improvement efforts
67. Which of the following is not a basic element of contracts?A. Consideration B. Mutual agreement C. Level of effort D. Legal purpose
66. The traditional or functional organizational form has the disadvantage of:A. Poorly established vertical communications channels B. No single focal point for clients/sponsors C. Ineffective technical control D. Inflexible use of personnel
65. Assume that you have decided to use mitigation as a risk-response technique. This means:A. You are shifting consequences of a risk to another party.B. You are reducing the probability and/or consequences of an adverse risk event to an acceptable threshold.C. You now need to establish a
64. Information can be shared by team members and other stakeholders using a variety of information retrieval systems including:A. Project meetings B. Fax C. Electronic mail D. Electronic databases
63. The major difference between PERT and CPM networks is:A. PERT requires three time estimates whereas CPM uses one time estimate.B. PERT is used only for construction projects whereas CPM is used solely for R&D.C. PERT addresses only time whereas CPM also includes costs and resource
62. If you are using a control chart and find that the process is in control, it is important to recognize that:A. The process should not be adjusted.B. The process should not be changed to provide improvements.C. Sources of random variation can be easily changed without the need to restructure the
61. A graphical display of accumulated costs and labor hours for both budgeted and actual costs, plotted against time, is called:A. A trend line B. A trend analysis C. An S curve D. A percent completion report
60. The financial closeout of a project dictates that:A. All project funds have been spent.B. No charge numbers have been overrun.C. No follow-on work from this client is possible.D. No further charges can be made against the project
59. In which type of contract arrangement is the contractor least likely to control costs?A. Cost-plus-incentive fee B. Firm-fixed price C. Fixed-price-award fee D. Purchase order
58. On a precedence diagram, the arrow between two boxes is called:A. An activity B. A constraint C. An event D. The critical path
57. Common factors that may constrain how the project team is organized include all but one of the following:A. The structure of the performing organization B. Preferences of the team C. Expected staff assignments D. Responsibility Assignment Matrix
56. For effective communication, the message should be oriented to:A. The initiator B. The receiver C. The management style D. The corporate culture
55. Project managers need exceptionally good communication and negotiation skills primarily because:A. They may be leading a team over which they have no direct control.B. This need is mandated by the project’s procurement activities.C. They are expected to be technical experts.D. They must
54. Quality often is confused with grade. This means that:A. Low quality is always a problem, but low grade may not be a problem.B. Low grade is always a problem, along with low quality C. Quality is defined as a category or rank, with entities having the same functional use but different technical
53. During which phase of a project is the uncertainty the greatest?A. Design B. Development/execution C. Concept D. Closing
52. The major difference between project and line management is that the project manager may not have any control over which basic management function?A. Decision-making B. Staffing the project C. Tracking/monitoring D. Reviewing project performance
51. The critical path in a network is the path that:A. Has the greatest degree of risk B. Is the longest during the project and determines its duration C. Must be completed before all other paths D. Has activities with float greater than zero
50. Project cash reserves are often used for adjustments in escalation factors, which may be beyond the control of the project manager. Other than possible financing (interest) cost and taxes, the three most common escalation factors involve changes in:A. Overhead rates, labor rates, and material
49. The procurement planning process should be accomplished during:A. Scope definition B. Solicitation planning C. Project initiation D. Scope planning
48. Activities with zero time duration are referred to as:A. Critical path activities B. Noncritical path activities C. Slack time activities D. Dummies
47. The most common definition of project success is:A. Within time B. Within time and cost C. Within time, cost, and technical performance requirements D. Within time, cost, performance, and acceptance by the customer/user
46. Which of the following types of power comes through the organizational hierarchy:A. Coercive, legitimate, referent B. Reward, coercive, expert C. Referent, expert, legitimate D. Legitimate, coercive, reward
45. A program can best be described as:A. A grouping of related activities that lasts two years or more B. A collection of projects and other work designed to meet strategic business objectives C. A group of projects managed in a coordinated way to obtain benefits not available from managing them
44. The work breakdown structure (WBS), the work packages, and the company’s accounting system are tied together through:A. The code of accounts B. The overhead rates C. The budgeting system D. The capital budgeting process
43. A process is considered to be out of control when there are how many consecutive data points (minimum) on either side of the mean on a control chart?A. 3 B. 7 C. 9 D. 11
42. Risk management decision-making falls into three broad categories:A. Certainty, risk, and uncertainty B. Probability, risk, and uncertainty C. Probability, risk event, and uncertainty D. Hazard, risk event, and uncertainty
41. A project can best be defined as:A. A series of nonrelated activities designed to accomplish single or multiple objectives B. A coordinated effort of related activities designed to accomplish a goal without a well-established end point C. Cradle-to-grave activities that must be accomplished in
40. In which type of contract arrangement is the contractor most likely to control costs?A. Cost-plus-fixed fee B. Firm-fixed price C. Time and materials D. Fixed-price-incentive firm target
39. The process of determining which risks might affect the project and documenting their characteristics is:A. Risk identification B. Risk response planning C. Risk management planning D. Qualitative risk analysis
38. Good project objectives must be:A. General rather than specific B. Established without considering resource constraints C. Realistic and attainable D. Measurable, intangible, and verifiable
37. The three most common types of project cost estimates are:A. Order of magnitude, parametric, and budget B. Parametric, definitive, and top down C. Order of magnitude, definitive, and bottom up D. Order of magnitude, budget, and definitive
36. Assume that you are managing a project that is a joint venture between your company and two other firms. The project’s quality policy then should be:A. Your responsibility to prepare B. The same as that of your customer C. The same as that of your company D. Prepared by the project team
35. The basic elements of a communication model include:A. Written and oral, and listening and speaking B. Communicator, encoding, message, medium, decoding, receiver, and feedback C. Reports and briefings as well as memos and ad hoc conversations D. Reading, writing, participating in meetings, and
34. An example of a constraint to consider during procurement planning is:A. Indirect costs B. Legal obligations and penalties C. Market conditions D. Procurement resources
33. Establishing a market window on a technology project or achieving governmentmandated compliance with environmental remediation are examples of:A. Imposed dates B. Weather restrictions on outdoor activities C. Major milestones D. Product characteristics
32. The “control points” in the work breakdown structure (WBS) used for assignments to specific organizational units or individuals are:A. Work packages B. Subtasks C. Tasks D. Code of accounts
31. The basic terminology for networks includes:A. Activities, events, personnel, skill levels, and slack B. Activities, documentation, events, personnel, and skill levels C. Slack, activities, events, and time estimates D. Time estimates, slack, sponsorship involvement, and activities
30. Power games, withholding information, and hidden agendas are examples of:A. Feedback B. Communication barriers C. Indirect communication D. Mixed messages
29. Estimating the effect of the change of one project variable on the overall project is known as:A. The project manager’s risk-aversion quotient B. The total project risk C. The expected value of the project D. Sensitivity analysis
28. Conflict management requires problem-solving. Which of the following is often referred to as a problem-solving technique and used extensively by project managers in conflict resolution:A. Confrontation B. Compromise C. Smoothing D. Forcing
27. Going from Level 3 to Level 4 in the work breakdown structure (WBS) will result in:A. Less estimating accuracy B. Better control of the project C. Lower status reporting costs D. A greater likelihood that some key project element has been overlooked
26. Typically, during which phase in a project life cycle are most of the project expenses incurred?A. Concept phase B. Development or design phase C. Execution phase D. Termination phase
25. The tool and technique used for risk-management planning is:A. Assessment of stakeholder risk tolerances B. Planning meetings C. Interpersonal and team skills D. Assumption and constraint analyses
24. A limitation of the bar chart is:A. Difficulty changing it once it is prepared B. Difficulty in understanding if you do not have a knowledge of project management C. Difficulty adding new items to it as the project changes D. Difficulty performing any sensitivity analysis because it does not
23. In which of the following circumstance(s) would you be most likely to buy goods or services instead of producing them in-house?A. Your company has excess capacity and can produce the goods or services.B. Your company lacks capacity.C. There are many reliable vendors for the goods or services
22. Modern quality management and project management are complementary because both disciplines recognize the importance of all but one of the following:A. Customer satisfaction B. Processes within phases C. Management responsibility D. Inspection over prevention
21. A deliverable-oriented grouping of project components to organize and define the total project scope is:A. A detailed plan B. A linear responsibility chart C. A work breakdown structure (WBS)D. A cost accounting coding system
20. The sender-receiver model in project communications includes:A. The choice of media B. The feedback loops and barriers to communications C. The presentation and meeting management techniques D. The choice of technology
19. Project managers must use a number of different interpersonal influences on projects to contribute to project success. If the project manager is viewed as being empowered to issue orders, he or she is using which of the following types of power?A. Expert B. Reward C. Referent D. Legitimate
18. The difference between the EV (earned value) and the PV (planned value) is referred to as:A. The schedule variance B. The cost variance C. The estimate of completion D. The actual cost of the work performed
17. Smoothing out resource requirements from period to period is called:A. Resource allocation B. Resource partitioning C. Resource leveling D. Resource quantification
16. Project life cycles share many common characteristics, which include all of the following except:A. Increased ability for stakeholders to influence the final characteristics of the project toward the end of the life cycle B. Probability of successful completion being lowest at the beginning of
15. In general, differences between and among project stakeholders should be resolved in favor of the:A. Project sponsor B. Performing organization C. Functional manager D. Customer
14. A risk is noted by having a cause and:A. If it occurs, it only has a negative effect on the project’s objectives B. A known unknown C. If it occurs, it has a consequence D. A constraint
13. A collection of formal procedures that includes the steps by which official project documents will be changed is defined through:A. The project management information system B. The change control system C. The Change Control Board D. Performance reports
12. Which of the following methods is best suited to identifying the “vital few”?A. Pareto analysis B. Cause-and-effect analysis C. Trend analysis D. Process control charts
11. Communications has many different dimensions. Deciding to form a group among project managers in your organization to discuss lessons learned and best practices to follow is an example of which of the following dimensions:A. Internal B. External C. Horizontal D. Vertical
10. If you wish to compare actual project results to planned or expected results, you should:A. Hold a performance review B. Request a progress report C. Perform a trend analysis D. Perform a variance analysis
9. Perhaps the biggest problem facing the project manager during integration activities within a matrix structure is:A. Coping with employees who report to multiple bosses B. Too much sponsorship involvement C. Unclear functional understanding of the technical requirements D. Escalating project
8. An example of an appraisal cost in terms of the cost of quality is:A. Surveys of vendors, suppliers, and subcontractors B. Evaluations of customer complaints C. Internal-external design reviews D. Process studies
7. Future events or outcomes that are favorable are called:A. Risks B. Opportunities C. Surprises D. Contingencies
6. A document that describes the procurement item in sufficient detail to allow prospective sellers to determine if they can provide it is a:A. Contractual provision B. Statement of work (SOW)C. Terms and conditions statement D. Proposal
5. Employee unions would most likely satisfy which level in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?A. Social B. Self-actualization C. Esteem D. Physiological
4. The most effective means of determining the cost of a project is to price out the:A. Work breakdown structure (WBS)B. Linear responsibility chart C. Project charter D. Scope statement
3. The communications environment involves both internal factors and external factors. An example of a typical internal factor is:A. Power games B. Business environment C. Technical state of the art D. Political environment
2. The most common types of schedules include all but one of the following:A. Project network diagrams with date information added B. Resource-leveling heuristics C. Bar charts D. Milestones
1. A comprehensive definition of scope management would be:A. Managing a project in terms of its objectives through all life-cycle phases and processes B. Approval of the scope baseline C. Approval of the detailed project charter D. The processes required to ensure that the project includes all the
4. Perform the closing tasks for one of the case studies provided in Appendix C. If you are working on a real team project, create relevant closing documents, such as a final project report and lessons-learned report, using the templates and samples in this chapter as guides. Present your results
3. Using the information you developed in Team Project 1 or 2, role-play the final project meeting, at which you present the final project presentation to key stakeholders. Determine who will play what role (project manager, team member from a certain department, senior managers, and so on). Be
2. You are part of a team in charge of a project to help people in your company (500 people) lose weight. This project is part of a competition, and the top “losers” will be featured in a popular television show. Assume that you had six months to complete the project and a budget of $10,000.

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An Introduction To Project Management 4th Edition Kathy Schwalbe - Solutions

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