Principles Of Behavior 7th Edition Richard W. Malott, Joseph T. Shane - Solutions

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7. What does it mean to say that consumers organize knowledge according to goal-derived categories? Consumer memory is the persistence of learning over time, via the storage and retrieval of information, which can occur consciously or unconsciously. Retrieval is remembering or accessing what is
6. What is a category prototype, and what affects prototypicality? Consumer memory is the persistence of learning over time, via the storage and retrieval of information, which can occur consciously or unconsciously. Retrieval is remembering or accessing what is stored in memory. Sensory memory
5. What are taxonomic categories and how do consumers use them to structure knowledge in memory? Consumer memory is the persistence of learning over time, via the storage and retrieval of information, which can occur consciously or unconsciously. Retrieval is remembering or accessing what is stored
4. Why are some links in a semantic or associative network weak, whereas others are strong? Consumer memory is the persistence of learning over time, via the storage and retrieval of information, which can occur consciously or unconsciously. Retrieval is remembering or accessing what is stored in
3. What is a schema and how can the associations in a schema be described? Consumer memory is the persistence of learning over time, via the storage and retrieval of information, which can occur consciously or unconsciously. Retrieval is remembering or accessing what is stored in memory. Sensory
2. What techniques can enhance the storage of information in long-term memory? Consumer memory is the persistence of learning over time, via the storage and retrieval of information, which can occur consciously or unconsciously. Retrieval is remembering or accessing what is stored in memory.
1. How are sensory, working, and long-term memory linked? Consumer memory is the persistence of learning over time, via the storage and retrieval of information, which can occur consciously or unconsciously. Retrieval is remembering or accessing what is stored in memory. Sensory memory (iconic and
4. Discuss what memory retrieval is, how it works, and how marketers try to affect it.
3. Explain how and why the content and structure of knowledge, including associative networks, categories, and prototypicality, are relevant to marketers.
2. Describe how schemas and scripts affect consumers’knowledge content.
1. Distinguish among sensory, working, long-term, implicit, and explicit memory, and explain why marketers must be aware of these different types of memory.
3. Why would Under Armour want to be sure that consumers can clearly see different models as well as its mission and guarantee on the brand’s website? The Nike swoosh may be one of the most recognized logos in the world of sports, but the Under Armour logo (an interlocking U and A) is
2. What role do objective and subjective comprehension play in Under Armour’s ability to market its products by sponsoring up-and-coming athletes? The Nike swoosh may be one of the most recognized logos in the world of sports, but the Under Armour logo (an interlocking U and A) is increasingly in
1. What is Under Armour doing to make its brand personally relevant, surprising, and easy to process? The Nike swoosh may be one of the most recognized logos in the world of sports, but the Under Armour logo (an interlocking U and A) is increasingly in the spotlight as the company gets noticed on
8. What are some ways that companies can use marketingmix elements such as brand names and symbols to affect consumer inferences? For a marketing stimulus to have an impact, consumers must be exposed to it, allocate some attention to it, and perceive it.Consumers need a basic level of attention to
7. Discuss how source identification and message comprehension affect consumers’ comprehension of a stimulus. For a marketing stimulus to have an impact, consumers must be exposed to it, allocate some attention to it, and perceive it.Consumers need a basic level of attention to perceive a
6. Identify four principles of perceptual organization and describe why marketers need to know about them. For a marketing stimulus to have an impact, consumers must be exposed to it, allocate some attention to it, and perceive it.Consumers need a basic level of attention to perceive a stimulus
5. Differentiate between the absolute threshold and the differential threshold, and explain how these concepts relate to Weber’s law. For a marketing stimulus to have an impact, consumers must be exposed to it, allocate some attention to it, and perceive it.Consumers need a basic level of
4. What is perception, and what methods do we use to perceive stimuli? For a marketing stimulus to have an impact, consumers must be exposed to it, allocate some attention to it, and perceive it.Consumers need a basic level of attention to perceive a stimulus before they can use additional mental
3. In what ways do prominence and habituation affect consumer attention? For a marketing stimulus to have an impact, consumers must be exposed to it, allocate some attention to it, and perceive it.Consumers need a basic level of attention to perceive a stimulus before they can use additional mental
2. What is attention, and what are its three key characteristics? For a marketing stimulus to have an impact, consumers must be exposed to it, allocate some attention to it, and perceive it.Consumers need a basic level of attention to perceive a stimulus before they can use additional mental
1. How do zipping and zapping affect consumers’ exposure to marketing stimuli such as products and ads? For a marketing stimulus to have an impact, consumers must be exposed to it, allocate some attention to it, and perceive it.Consumers need a basic level of attention to perceive a stimulus
. Discuss the process of comprehension, and outline how marketing-mix elements can affect consumer inferences about products and brands.
3. Describe the major senses that are part of perception and outline why marketers are concerned about consumers’sensory perceptions.
2. Explain the characteristics of attention and how marketers can try to attract and sustain consumers’ attention to products and marketing messages.
1. Discuss why marketers are concerned about consumers’exposure to marketing stimuli and what tactics they use to enhance exposure.
4. Does USAA do anything to reduce perceived risk?Explain your answer. USAA (United States Automobile Association) maintains only one bank branch to serve more than 8 million consumers worldwide, yet it boasts a 98 percent customer retention rate and often ranks way ahead of competitors in surveys
3. What types of needs (functional, symbolic, hedonic, USAA (United States Automobile Association) maintains only one bank branch to serve more than 8 million consumers worldwide, yet it boasts a 98 percent customer retention rate and often ranks way ahead of competitors in surveys of customer
2. What is USAA doing to facilitate consumers’ ability and opportunity to process information about its services and make informed financial decisions? USAA (United States Automobile Association) maintains only one bank branch to serve more than 8 million consumers worldwide, yet it boasts a 98
1. How does USAA enhance consumer motivation by making itself and its offerings personally relevant to customers? USAA (United States Automobile Association) maintains only one bank branch to serve more than 8 million consumers worldwide, yet it boasts a 98 percent customer retention rate and often
9. Identify some of the elements that contribute to consumer opportunity for processing information and making decisions. Motivation reflects an inner state of arousal that directs the consumer to engage in goal-relevant behaviors, effortful information processing, and detailed decision making.
8. What five types of resources affect ability to process information and make decisions? Motivation reflects an inner state of arousal that directs the consumer to engage in goal-relevant behaviors, effortful information processing, and detailed decision making. Motivated consumers often
7. What are six types of perceived risk, and how does perceived risk affect personal relevance? Motivation reflects an inner state of arousal that directs the consumer to engage in goal-relevant behaviors, effortful information processing, and detailed decision making. Motivated consumers often
6. What is self-control and how does it relate to conflicting goals? Motivation reflects an inner state of arousal that directs the consumer to engage in goal-relevant behaviors, effortful information processing, and detailed decision making. Motivated consumers often experience affective or
5. According to appraisal theory, what do emotions have to do with goals? Motivation reflects an inner state of arousal that directs the consumer to engage in goal-relevant behaviors, effortful information processing, and detailed decision making. Motivated consumers often experience affective or
4. What types of goals do consumers have? Motivation reflects an inner state of arousal that directs the consumer to engage in goal-relevant behaviors, effortful information processing, and detailed decision making. Motivated consumers often experience affective or cognitive involvement.In some
3. What determines the ranking of needs in Maslow’s hierarchy? Motivation reflects an inner state of arousal that directs the consumer to engage in goal-relevant behaviors, effortful information processing, and detailed decision making. Motivated consumers often experience affective or cognitive
2. What are some objects of involvement for consumers? Motivation reflects an inner state of arousal that directs the consumer to engage in goal-relevant behaviors, effortful information processing, and detailed decision making. Motivated consumers often experience affective or cognitive
1. How is motivation defined, and how does it affect felt involvement? Motivation reflects an inner state of arousal that directs the consumer to engage in goal-relevant behaviors, effortful information processing, and detailed decision making. Motivated consumers often experience affective or
What Affects Motivation?
3. Identify the three main types of influences on the consumer’s opportunity to process information and acquire, consume, or dispose of products.
2. Explain how financial, cognitive, emotional, physical, social, and cultural resources, plus age and education, can affect the individual’s ability to engage in consumer behaviors.
1. Discuss the four types of influences that affect the consumer’s motivation to process information, make a decision, or take an action.
3. Do you agree with Unilever’s decision to link its brands with efforts to encourage healthy and environmentally sustainable behaviors? Explain your answer. From soap to soup, Unilever markets a wide range of personal care products, foods, and household cleaners under popular brands like Dove,
2. Which of the four external processes in the consumer’s culture do you think have been the most important to the success of Dove’s Campaign for Real Beauty? Why? From soap to soup, Unilever markets a wide range of personal care products, foods, and household cleaners under popular brands like
1. How is Unilever applying its understanding of internal consumer processes in the psychological core to market its products? From soap to soup, Unilever markets a wide range of personal care products, foods, and household cleaners under popular brands like Dove, Bertolli, Lipton, Lux, Axe,
8. How can you benefit from studying consumer behavior? Consumer behavior involves understanding the set of decisions(what, whether, why, when, how, where, how much, and how often)that an individual or group of consumers makes over time about the acquisition, use, or disposition of goods, services,
7. What kinds of marketing questions can companies use consumer behavior research to answer? Consumer behavior involves understanding the set of decisions(what, whether, why, when, how, where, how much, and how often)that an individual or group of consumers makes over time about the acquisition,
6. How can public policy decision makers, advocacy groups, and marketing managers use consumer research? Consumer behavior involves understanding the set of decisions(what, whether, why, when, how, where, how much, and how often)that an individual or group of consumers makes over time about the
5. How is marketing defined? Consumer behavior involves understanding the set of decisions(what, whether, why, when, how, where, how much, and how often)that an individual or group of consumers makes over time about the acquisition, use, or disposition of goods, services, ideas, or other offerings.
4. What are aspects of the consumer’s culture influence decisions and behavior? Consumer behavior involves understanding the set of decisions(what, whether, why, when, how, where, how much, and how often)that an individual or group of consumers makes over time about the acquisition, use, or
3. What are some of the factors in the psychological core that affect consumer decisions and behavior? Consumer behavior involves understanding the set of decisions(what, whether, why, when, how, where, how much, and how often)that an individual or group of consumers makes over time about the
2. What is an offering? Consumer behavior involves understanding the set of decisions(what, whether, why, when, how, where, how much, and how often)that an individual or group of consumers makes over time about the acquisition, use, or disposition of goods, services, ideas, or other offerings. The
1. How is consumer behavior defined? Consumer behavior involves understanding the set of decisions(what, whether, why, when, how, where, how much, and how often)that an individual or group of consumers makes over time about the acquisition, use, or disposition of goods, services, ideas, or other
3. Discuss the benefits of studying consumer behavior.
2. Identify the four domains of consumer behavior shown in Exhibit 1.6 that affect acquisition, usage, and disposition decisions.
1. Define consumer behavior and explain the components that make up the definition.
What is the myth of the perpetual-behavior intervention? LO9
What is the myth of intermittent reinforcement? LO9
How does the law of effect relate to these myths? LO9
Performance maintenance—define it. LO9
Behavior trap—define it and give an example. LO9
How did behavior traps help Dicky, the autistic boy, continue to wear his glasses and maintain his talking?
Describe a procedure to help a developmentally disabled child acquire the needed strength and skills for bike riding. LO9
What role did the behavior trap play? LO9
Describe a procedure used to maintain the performance of grade-school students in a remedial classroom. LO9
What point does this illustrate? LO9
Give an example of maintaining a punishment contingency to maintain the suppression of undesirable behavior. LO9
What do you do when there’s no behavior trap to maintain performance? Give an example. LO9
What’s the main point of this chapter?
Transfer of training—define it and give an example. LO6
What do critics of applied behavior analysis say about the transfer of training and the maintenance of performance? LO6
Stimulus discrimination (stimulus control)— LO6a. the occurrence of a response more frequently in the presence of one stimulus than in the presence of another, usually as a result of a discrimination-training procedureb. the occurrence of a response with close to the same frequency in the
Stimulus discrimination and stimulus control are the same thing. LO6a. trueb. false
Responding at the same frequency in the presence of the SΔ as in the presence of the SD shows LO6a. little stimulus discrimination.b. much stimulus discrimination.
Responding at the same frequency in the presence of the SΔ as in the presence of the SD shows LO6a. little stimulus control.b. much stimulus control.
Responding at the same frequency in the presence of the SΔ as in the presence of the SD shows LO6a. little stimulus generalization.b. much stimulus generalization.
Stimulus control (stimulus discrimination) is the opposite of stimulus generalization. LO6a. trueb. false
Suppose Velma and Gerri grind their teeth at almost the same low frequency when the punishment contingency is not in effect as when it is in effect. This is an example of LO6a. much stimulus generalization.b. little stimulus generalization.
Suppose Velma and Gerri grind their teeth at almost the same low frequency when the punishment contingency is not in effect as when it is in effect. This is an example of LO6a. good stimulus control (good stimulus discrimination).b. poor stimulus control (poor stimulus discrimination).
Explain the relation between stimulus control and transfer of training to reduce teeth grinding.Warning: Quite a few students blow this one on the quiz. Please be sure you’ve got it. LO6
While you’re at it, it wouldn’t hurt to be sure you can correctly answer those little multiple-choice review questions, just in case one pops up on your quiz. LO6
Describe a procedure to help developmentally delayed people acquire a repertoire of safe street crossing. What was the LO6a. task analysis?b. training setting?c. training procedure?d. training responses?e. reinforcer?f. testing setting?g. testing responses?
The trainees could readily discriminate between all aspects of the training setting with the models and the real world on the streets. LO6a. trueb. false
The trainees showed much stimulus generalization between all aspects of the training setting with the models and the real world on the streets. LO6a. trueb. false
The trainees showed much response generalization between all aspects of the training setting with the models and the real world on the streets. LO6a. trueb. false
Their transfer of training is a good example of stimulus and response generalization. LO6a. trueb. false
Describe the role of rule control in the training and transfer of safe street crossing. LO6
Concerning the intervention to reduce a 5-yearold’s problem behaviors, give and explain an example of LO6a. the sick social cycleb. extinction of an inappropriate escape behaviorc. the use of avoidance of an aversive condition to train appropriate behaviord. punishment by the prevention of the
Analyze the transfer from doll play in the lab to the real activities in the home and school, in terms of rule control. LO6
Compare and contrast transfer and maintenance with nonverbal and verbal clients. LO6a. Construct and fill in the summary tables and describe their significance, know how to do this even if the labels are in a different order.b. Give an example of each aspect of the table.
Why did Patterson and Brodsky use an intervention package rather than a study of one variable at a time to modify Karl’s multiple problem behaviors? LO6
How could you do a follow-up study to isolate the crucial causal variables? LO6
Why should we do behavior analysis? LO7
What are the two main goals or values of science, including behavior analysis? LO7
What is the law of effect? LO7
Define functional assessment. LO7
List the six questions you should ask when doing a functional assessment. Give an example of each question. LO7
Should you do a functional assessment before or after designing an intervention? Explain. LO7
What is social validity? LO7

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Principles Of Behavior 7th Edition Richard W. Malott, Joseph T. Shane - Solutions

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