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Operations Management: Sustainability And Supply Chain Management 13th Edition Jay Heizer; Barry Render; Chuck Munson - Solutions

• • • D.13 Janson’s Department Store in Stark, Ohio, maintains a successful catalog sales department in which a clerk takes orders by telephone. If the clerk is occupied on one line, incoming phone calls to the catalog department are answered automatically by a recording machine and asked
• • • D.12 The wheat harvesting season in the American Midwest is short, and farmers deliver their truckloads of wheat to a giant central storage bin within a 2-week span. Because of this, wheatfilled trucks waiting to unload and return to the fields have been known to back up for a block at
• • D.11 Bill Youngdahl has been collecting data at the TU student grill. He has found that, between 5:00 p.m. and 7:00 p.m., students arrive at the grill at a rate of 25 per hour (Poisson distributed)and service time takes an average of 2 minutes (negative exponential distribution). There is
• • D.9 Neve Commercial Bank is the only bank in the town of York, Pennsylvania. On a typical Friday, an average of 10 customers per hour arrive at the bank to transact business. There is currently one teller at the bank, and the average time required to transact business is 4 minutes. It is
• D.8 Virginia’s Ron McPherson Electronics Corporation retains a service crew to repair machine breakdowns that occur on average l 5 3 per 8-hour workday (approximately Poisson in nature). The crew can service an average of m 5 8 machines per workday, with a repair time distribution that
• • D.7 Automobiles arrive at the drive-through window at the downtown Baton Rouge, Louisiana, post office at the rate of 4 every 10 minutes. The average service time is 2 minutes. The Poisson distribution is appropriate for the arrival rate and service times are negative exponentially
• D.6 Calls arrive at Lynn Ann Fish’s hotel switchboard at a rate of 2 per minute. The average time to handle each is 20 seconds.There is only one switchboard operator at the current time.The Poisson and negative exponential distributions appear to be relevant in this situation.a) What is the
• • D.5 The pharmacist at Arnold Palmer Hospital, Wende Huehn-Brown, receives 12 requests for prescriptions each hour, Poisson distributed. It takes her a mean time of 4 minutes to fill each, following a negative exponential distribution. Use the waiting-line table, Table D.5, and Wq 5 Lq >l,
• D.4 Dr. Tarun Gupta, a Michigan vet, is running a rabies vaccination clinic for dogs at the local grade school. Tarun can“shoot” a dog every 3 minutes. It is estimated that the dogs will arrive independently and randomly throughout the day at a rate of one dog every 6 minutes according to a
• • D.3 Twenty-four customers arrive every hour (Poisson distributed) at Andy Johnson’s food truck when it parks outside the Orlando Courthouse from 11–2 p.m. on weekdays. It takes Andy a mean time of 2 minutes to fill each order (following a negative exponential distribution). Using
• D.2 There is only one copying machine in the student lounge of the business school. Students arrive at the rate of l 5 40 per hour (according to a Poisson distribution). Copying takes an average of 40 seconds, or m 5 90 per hour (according to a negative exponential distribution). Compute the
• D.1 Customers arrive at Rich Dunn’s Styling Shop at a rate of 3 per hour, distributed in a Poisson fashion. Rich’s service times follow a negative exponential distribution, and Rich can complete an average of 5 haircuts per hour.a) Find the average number of customers waiting for
Mount Sinai Hospital’s orthopedic care unit has 5 beds, which are virtually always occupied by patients who have just undergone orthopedic surgery. One registered nurse is on duty in the unit in each of the three 8-hour shifts. About every 2 hours (following a Poisson distribution), one of the
Sid Das is considering building a second platform or gate to speed the process of loading trucks. This system, he thinks, will be even more efficient than simply hiring another loader to help out on the first platform (as in Solved Problem D.1).Assume that the worker at each platform will be able
Truck drivers working for Sid Das (see Solved Problem D.1)earn an average of $10 per hour. Brick loaders receive about$6 per hour. Truck drivers waiting in the queue or at the loading platform are drawing a salary but are productively idle and unable to generate revenue during that time. What would
Sid Das Brick Distributors in Jamaica currently employs 1 worker whose job is to load bricks on outgoing company trucks. An average of 24 trucks per day, or 3 per hour, arrive at the loading platform, according to a Poisson distribution.The worker loads them at a rate of 4 trucks per hour,
17. Why is Little’s Law a useful queuing concept?
16. What dollar value do you place on yourself per hour that you spend waiting in lines? What value do your classmates place on themselves? Why do the values differ?
15. What happens if two single-server systems have the same mean arrival and service rates, but the service time is constant in one and exponential in the other?
14. Do doctors’ offices generally have random arrival rates for patients? Are service times random? Under what circumstances might service times be constant?
13. What are the components of the following queuing systems?Draw and explain the configuration of each.a) Barbershopb) Car washc) Laundromatd) Small grocery store
12. Provide examples of four situations in which there is a limited, or finite, waiting line.
11. Discuss the likely outcome of a waiting line system where m . l but only by a tiny amount (e.g., m 5 4.1, l 5 4).
10. Describe the behavior of a waiting line where l . m. Use both analysis and intuition.
9. Briefly describe three situations in which the first-in, first-out(FIFO) discipline rule is not applicable in queuing analysis.
8. Which is larger, Ws or Wq? Explain.
7. Describe what is meant by the waiting-line terms balk and renege. Provide an example of each.
6. Is it good or bad to operate a supermarket bakery system on a strict first-come, first-served basis? Why?
5. State the assumptions of the “basic” single-server queuing model (Model A, or M/M/1).
4. State the seven common measures of queuing system performance.
3. Name the three factors that govern the structure of “arrivals”in a queuing system.
2. When designing a waiting line system, what “qualitative”concerns need to be considered?
1. Name the three parts of a typical queuing system.
Past records indicate that each of the 5 massive laser computer printers at the U.S. Department of Energy(DOE), in Washington, DC, needs repair after about 20 hours of use. Breakdowns have been determined to be Poisson distributed. The one technician on duty can service a printer in an average of 2
Customers walk into the local U.S. Post Office at an average rate of 20 per hour. On average, there are 5 people waiting in line to be served. The probability distributions that describe arrival and service times are unknown. The manager, Vicky Luo, wishes to determine how long customers are
Inman Recycling, Inc., collects and compacts aluminum cans and glass bottles in Reston, Louisiana. Its truck drivers currently wait an average of 15 minutes before emptying their loads for recycling. The cost of driver and truck time while they are in queues is valued at $60 per hour. A new
Alaska National Bank is trying to decide how many drive-in teller windows to open on a busy Saturday.CEO Ted Eschenbach estimates that customers arrive at a rate of about l 5 18 per hour, and that each teller can service about m 5 20 customers per hour.APPROACH c Ted decides to use Table D.5 to
The Golden Muffler Shop has decided to open a second garage bay and hire a second mechanic to handle installations. Customers, who arrive at the rate of about l 5 2 per hour, will wait in a single line until 1 of the 2 mechanics is free. Each mechanic installs mufflers at the rate of about m 5 3
Golden Muffler Shop’s owner is interested in cost factors as well as the queuing parameters computed in Example D1. He estimates that the cost of customer waiting time, in terms of customer dissatisfaction and lost goodwill, is $15 per hour spent waiting in line. Jones, the mechanic, is paid $11
Tom Jones, the mechanic at Golden Muffler Shop, is able to install new mufflers at an average rate of 3 per hour (or about 1 every 20 minutes), according to a negative exponential distribution. Customers seeking this service arrive at the shop on the average of 2 per hour, following a Poisson
Describe the characteristics of arrivals, waiting lines, and service systems
LO C.4 If a solution to a transportation problem is degenerate, then:a) it will be impossible to evaluate all empty cells without removing the degeneracy.b) a dummy row or column must be added.c) there will be more than one optimal solution.d) the problem has no feasible solution.e) increase the
LO C.3 The purpose of a dummy source or a dummy destination in a transportation problem is to:a) provide a means of representing a dummy problem.b) obtain a balance between total supply and total demand.c) prevent the solution from becoming degenerate.d) make certain that the total cost does not
LO C.2 The purpose of the stepping-stone method is to:a) develop the initial solution to a transportation problem.b) identify the relevant costs in a transportation problem.c) determine whether a given solution is feasible.d) assist one in moving from an initial feasible solution to the optimal
LO C.1 With the transportation technique, the initial solution can be generated in any fashion one chooses. The only restriction(s)is that:a) the solution be optimal.b) one use the northwest-corner method.c) the edge constraints for supply and demand be satisfied.d) the solution not be
Where would you locate the two new plants? Why? Custom Vans, Inc., specializes in converting standard vans into campers. Depending on the amount of work and customizing to be done, the customizing can cost from less than $1,000 to more than $5,000. In less than 4 years, Tony Rizzo was able to
• • C.14 A juice manufacturer produces juice at plants in Cairo, Alexandria, and Aswan. These are sent to regional distributors in Giza, Tanta, and Sohag. The shipping costs vary, and the company would like to find the least-cost way to meet the demands at each of the distribution centers. Giza
• • C.7 In Solved Problem C.1 (page 776), Williams Auto Top Carriers proposed opening a new plant in either New Orleans or Houston. Management found that the total system cost (of production plus distribution) would be $20,000 for the New Orleans site. What would be the total cost if Williams
In Solved Problem C.1, we examined the Williams Auto Top Carriers problem by using a transportation table. An alternative approach is to structure the same decision analysis using linear programming (LP), which we explained in detail in Business Analytics Module B.
13. Explain what is meant by the term degeneracy within the context of transportation modeling
12. How can the transportation method address production costs in addition to transportation costs?
11. Explain the significance of a negative improvement index in a transportation-minimizing problem.
10. How many occupied cells must all solutions use?
9. What is meant by an unbalanced transportation problem, and how would you balance it?
8. Develop a northeast-corner rule and explain how it would work. Set up an initial solution for the Arizona Plumbing problem analyzed in Example C1.
7. All of the transportation examples appear to apply to long distances. Is it possible for the transportation model to apply on a much smaller scale, for example, within the departments of a store or the offices of a building? Discuss.
6. The more sources and destinations there are for a transportation problem, the smaller the percentage of all cells that will be used in the optimal solution. Explain.
5. Which starting technique generally gives a better initial solution, and why?
4. How do you know when an optimal solution has been reached?
3. Identify the three “steps” in the northwest-corner rule.
2. What are the steps in the intuitive lowest-cost method?
1. What are the three information needs of the transportation model?
LO B.6 When applying LP to diet problems, the objective function is usually designed to:a) maximize profits from blends of nutrients.b) maximize ingredient blends.c) minimize production losses.d) maximize the number of products to be produced.e) minimize the costs of nutrient blends.
LO B.5 For these two constraints, which point is in the feasible region of this minimization problem?14x + 6y Ú 42 and x + y Ú 3a) x = -1, y = 1b) x = 0, y = 4c) x = 2, y = 1d) x = 5, y = 1e) x = 2, y = 0
LO B.4 A zero shadow price for a resource ordinarily means that:a) the resource is scarce.b) the resource constraint was redundant.c) the resource has not been used up.d) something is wrong with the problem formulation.e) none of the above.
LO B.3 Consider the following linear programming problem:Maximize 4X + 10Y Subject to: 3X + 4Y … 480 4X + 2Y … 360 X, Y Ú 0 The feasible corner points are (48,84), (0,120), (0,0), and (90,0). What is the maximum possible value for the objective function?a) 1,032b) 1,200c) 360d) 1,600e) 840
LO B.2 Using a graphical solution procedure to solve a maximization problem requires that we:a) move the iso-profit line up until it no longer intersects with any constraint equation.b) move the iso-profit line down until it no longer intersects with any constraint equation.c) apply the method of
LO B.1 Which of the following is not a valid LP constraint formulation?a) 3X + 4Y … 12b) 2X * 2Y … 12c) 3Y + 2Z = 18d) 100 Ú X + Ye) 2.5X + 1.5Z = 30.6
4. Estimate the direct costs to the airline should the crew “time out” and not be able to fly its Boeing 737 back to Seattle from Chicago on the same day. These direct variable costs should include moving and parking the plane overnight along with hotel and meal costs for the crew and
3. What were the risks of keeping the same crew on the Seattle—Chicago—Seattle route? Good airline scheduling is essential to delivering outstanding customer service with high plane utilization rates. Airlines must schedule pilots, flight attendants, aircraft, baggage handlers, customer service
2. What operational considerations may prohibit Alaska from adding flights and more cities to its network? Good airline scheduling is essential to delivering outstanding customer service with high plane utilization rates. Airlines must schedule pilots, flight attendants, aircraft, baggage handlers,
1. Why is scheduling for Alaska more complex than for other airlines? Good airline scheduling is essential to delivering outstanding customer service with high plane utilization rates. Airlines must schedule pilots, flight attendants, aircraft, baggage handlers, customer service agents, and ramp
• • B.39 The donkey driver Donkey King is using a donkey to carry goods from Harbor City to a village up in the mountains.The people living in the village are willing to buy gold, silk, salt, and sponge. Donkey King is able to earn €500 for each gold bullion, €200 for each roll of silk,
• • B.35 The Rio Credit Union has $250,000 available to invest in a 12-month commitment. The money can be placed in Brazilian treasury notes yielding an 8% return or in riskier highyield bonds at an average rate of return of 9%. Credit union regulations require diversification to the extent
• • B.33 Fixawy is a new mobile platform operative in Egypt to search for home service craftsmen. In order to expand its network, the company has decided to develop an aggressive social media marketing campaign on two different social media platforms:Instagram and Facebook. The objective of the
• • B.32 This is the slack time of year at JES, Inc. The firm would actually like to shut down the plant, but if it laid off its core employees, they would probably go to work for a competitor.JES could keep its core (full-time, year-round) employees busy by making 10,000 round tables per
• • B.31 A tailor sews dresses and suits. For a suit the tailor uses 3 m2 of wool and 1 m2 of cotton. For a dress the tailor uses 2 m2 of wool and 2 m2 of cotton. The tailor has 80 m2 of cotton and 120 m2 of wool in storage. How many dresses and suits will the tailor be able to sew to maximize
• B.30 Solve the following LP problem graphically:Minimize cost = 4X1 + 5X2 Subject to: X1 + 2X2 Ú 80 3X1 + X2 Ú 75 X1, X2 Ú 0
• B.29 Consider Paul Jordan’s following LP formulation:Minimize cost = +1X1 + +2X2 Subject to: X1 + 3X2 Ú 90 8X1 + 2X2 Ú 160 3X1 + 2X2 Ú 120 X2 … 70a) Graphically illustrate the feasible region to indicate to Jordan which corner point produces the optimal solution.b) What is the cost of
• B.28 The Sweet Smell Fertilizer Company markets bags of manure labeled “not less than 60 lb dry weight.” The packaged manure is a combination of compost and sewage wastes. To provide good-quality fertilizer, each bag should contain at least 30 lb of compost but no more than 40 lb of sewage.
• • B.27 Doug Turner Food Processors wishes to introduce a new brand of dog biscuits composed of chicken- and liverflavored biscuits that meet certain nutritional requirements.The liver-flavored biscuits contain 1 unit of nutrient A and 2 units of nutrient B; the chicken-flavored biscuits
• B.26 Solve the following LP problem graphically:Minimize cost = 24X + 15Y Subject to: 7X + 11Y Ú 77 16X + 4Y Ú 80 X, Y Ú 0
• B.25 Solve the following linear program graphically:Minimize cost = X1 + X2 Subject to: 8X1 + 16X2 Ú 64 X1 Ú 0 X2 Ú 92(Note: X2 values can be negative in this problem.)
B.21 Andy’s Bicycle Company (ABC) has the hottest new product on the upscale toy market—boys’ and girls’ bikes in bright fashion colors, with oversize hubs and axles; shell design safety tires; strong padded frames; chrome-plated chains, brackets, and valves; and non-slip handlebars. Due to
• • B.19 Mamlouk Design is an Egyptian manufacturer of handmade silk rugs. The company manufactures rugs in two different sizes:1.5 * 2.5 meters and 2 * 3 meters. The manufacturing process depends mainly on the labor required, where each 1.5 * 2.5 meter rug requires 6 labor hours and each 2 * 3
• B.17 The Outdoor Furniture Corporation manufactures two products, benches and picnic tables, for use in yards and parks.The firm has two main resources: its carpenters (labor force) and a supply of redwood for use in furniture. During the next production cycle, 1,200 hours of labor are
• B.15 Walter Wallace is trying to determine how many units each of two commercial multiline telephones to produce each day.One of these is the standard model; the other one is the deluxe model. The profit per unit on the standard model is $40, on the deluxe model $60. Each unit requires 30
• • B.13 An online retailer wants to optimize its marketing portfolio budget to maximize its return on investment (ROI). The retailer has decided to allocate a AED 1,000,000 budget across three different campaigns: print media, mobile advertising, and social media.The expected ROI is 3% from
• • B.11 Each coffee table produced by Kevin Watson Designers nets the firm a profit of $9. Each bookcase yields a $12 profit. Watson’s firm is small and its resources limited. During any given production period (of 1 week), 10 gallons of varnish and 12 lengths of high-quality redwood are
• B.10 A craftsman named William Barnes builds two kinds of birdhouses, one for wrens and a second for bluebirds. Each wren birdhouse takes 4 hours of labor and 4 units of lumber.Each bluebird house requires 2 hours of labor and 12 units of lumber. The craftsman has available 60 hours of labor
• B.8 The Lifang Wu Corporation manufactures two models of industrial robots, the Alpha 1 and the Beta 2. The firm employs 5 technicians, working 160 hours each per month, on its assembly line. Management insists that full employment (that is, all 160 hours of time) be maintained for each worker
• • B.7 Green Vehicle Inc. manufactures electric cars and small delivery trucks. It has just opened a new factory where the C1 car and the T1 truck can both be manufactured. To make either vehicle, processing in the assembly shop and in the paint shop are required. It takes 1/40 of a day and
• B.6 The Chris Beehner Company manufactures two lines of designer yard gates, called model A and model B. Every gate requires blending a certain amount of steel and zinc; the company has available a total of 25,000 lb of steel and 6,000 lb of zinc. Each model A gate requires a mixture of 125 lb
• B.5 The Attaran Corporation manufactures two electrical products: portable air conditioners and portable heaters.The assembly process for each is similar in that both require a certain amount of wiring and drilling. Each air conditioner takes 3 hours of wiring and 2 hours of drilling. Each
• B.1 Formulate your own optimization (maximization)problem with three variables, one objective, and three constraints
Smith’s, a Niagara, New York, clothing manufacturer that produces men’s shirts and pajamas, has two primary resources available: sewing-machine time (in the sewing department)and cutting-machine time (in the cutting department). Over the next month, owner Barbara Smith can schedule up to 280
13. Why is it not advisable to round optimal solutions to nearest integer?
12. Where a constraint crosses the vertical or horizontal axis, the quantity is fairly obvious. How does one go about finding the quantity coordinates where two constraints cross, not at an axis?
11. Compare how the corner-point and iso-profit line methods work for solving graphical problems.
10. Explain how to use the iso-cost line in a graphical minimization problem.

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