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Operations Management: Sustainability And Supply Chain Management 13th Edition Jay Heizer; Barry Render; Chuck Munson - Solutions
9. Define shadow price (or dual value).
8. When introducing an additional constraint, what will happen to the solution of the optimization problem?
7. Why is the diet problem, in practice, applicable for animals but not particularly for people?
6. How does a minimizing problem differ from a maximizing problem?
5. Under what circumstances is the objective function more important than the constraints in an LP model?
4. A calculated optimal solution to a LP max problem is not always chosen. Explain why.
3. Define the feasible region of a graphical LP problem. What is a feasible solution?
2. What is a “corner point”? Explain why solutions to LP problems focus on corner points.
1. List at least four applications of LP problems.
Cohen Chemicals, Inc., produces two types of photo-developing fluids. The first, a black-and-white picture chemical, costs Cohen $2,500 per ton to produce. The second, a color photo chemical, costs $3,000 per ton.Based on an analysis of current inventory levels and outstanding orders, Cohen’s
LO A.7 A decision tree is preferable to a decision table when:a) a number of sequential decisions are to be made.b) probabilities are available.c) the maximax criterion is used.d) the objective is to maximize regret.
LO A.6 On a decision tree, once the tree has been drawn and the payoffs and probabilities have been placed on the tree, the analysis (computing EMVs and selecting the best alternative):a) is done by working backward (starting on the right and moving to the left).b) is done by working forward
LO A.5 The most that a person should pay for perfect information is:a) the EVPI.b) the maximum EMV minus the minimum EMV.c) the minimum EMV.d) the maximum EMV.
LO A.3 If probabilities are available to the decision maker, then the decision-making environment is called:a) certainty.b) uncertainty.c) risk.d) none of the above.
LO A.2 In decision table terminology, a course of action or a strategy that may be chosen by a decision maker is called a(n):a) payoff.b) alternative.c) state of nature.d) all of the above.
LO A.1 On a decision tree, at each state-of-nature node:a) the alternative with the greatest EMV is selected.b) an EMV is calculated.c) all probabilities are added together.d) the branch with the highest probability is selected.
• • A.31 Chris Suit is an administrator for Lowell Hospital.She is trying to determine whether to build a large wing on the existing hospital, a small wing, or no wing at all. If the population of Lowell continues to grow, a large wing could return $150,000 to the hospital each year. If a small
A.28 The Machine Shop is a retailer of tools for carpenters.Their top selling product is a revolutionary saw, which sells for€999. However, they are short on cash and try to hold the storage as short as possible. A customer interested in the saw buys with a probability of 0.8 if the saw is in the
• • • A.27 A construction company wants to decide on whether to bid for a new project or not. If the company decides to bid, there is a KWD 10,000 cost associated with preparing the preliminary proposal.The probability that the company will be shortlisted for the project is 60%. If the
• • A.26 The pharmaceutical company Neuronome is in late clinical phase of a new cancer treatment. However, their competitor Immunoneuron is also in the late clinical phase of a pharmaceutical for the same treatment. They have to make a decision about increasing the speed of the project to beat
• • A.25 A large investment firm wants to decide on how to invest one million dollars. The board is considering three options:invest in stocks, invest in T-Bills, or do nothing. There are two possibilities for the market: favorable and unfavorable. The CEO has suggested conducting a market
• A.24 Abdulla wants to decide on the best route to take for work from two possible routes: A and B. The time taken to work on each route depends on the traffic. If Abdulla takes route A, it will take him 25 minutes if the traffic is moderate and 45 minutes if the traffic is high. If Abdulla
• • A.23 A car manufacturer supplies brake pads from two main suppliers. Historical quality information indicates that for Supplier 1, there is a 65% probability that a given lot would contain 3% defects, 25% portability that a given lot would contain 2% defects, and a 10% probability that a
• • • A.21 Al-Andalus retail store in Saudi Arabia wants to decide on whether to build a large or a small store in the city of Dammam.The expected net present value of the return per month of the decision will depend on the future demand, which is expected to be either low with a probability
• • A.12 Palmer Jam Company is a small manufacturer of several different jam products. One product is an organic jam that has no preservatives, sold to retail outlets. Susan Palmer must decide how many cases of jam to manufacture each month. The probability that demand will be 6 cases is .1,
• A.5 Howard Weiss, Inc., is considering building a sensitive new radiation scanning device. His managers believe that there is a probability of 0.4 that the ATR Co. will come out with a competitive product. If Weiss adds an assembly line for the product and ATR Co. does not follow with a
Daily demand for cases of Tidy Bowl cleaner at Ravinder Nath’s Supermarket has always been 5, 6, or 7 cases. Develop a decision tree that illustrates her decision alternatives as to whether to stock 5, 6, or 7 cases.
12. Why is a decision tree appropriate for making decisions under risk?
11. Describe a case where a decision tree will not be the optimal model for decisions.
10. Why are the maximax and maximin strategies considered to be optimistic and pessimistic, respectively?
9. Describe how and when making a decision tree will make you do the right decisions.
8. What is the expected value with perfect information(EVwPI)?
7. What is the expected value of perfect information (EVPI)?
6. Explain how decision trees might be used in several of the 10 OM decisions.
5. What is a decision tree?
4. Discuss the differences between decision making under certainty, under risk, and under uncertainty.
3. What is the equally likely decision model?
2. Give an example of a good decision you made that resulted in a bad outcome. Also give an example of a bad decision you made that had a good outcome. Why was each decision good or bad?
1. Identify the six steps in the decision process.
The Getz operations manager would like to calculate the maximum that he would pay for information—that is, the expected value of perfect information, or EVPI.APPROACH c Referring to Table A.3 in Example 4, he follows a two-stage process. First, the expected value with perfect information (EVwPI)
Getz would like to find the EMV for each alternative.APPROACH c Getz Products’ operations manager believes that the probability of a favorable market is 0.6, and that of an unfavorable market is 0.4. He can now determine the EMV for each alternative (see Table A.3).
Getz Products Company would like to apply each of these three approaches now.APPROACH c Given Getz’s decision table from Example A2, he determines the maximax, maximin, and equally likely decision criteria
Getz Products now wishes to organize the following information into a table. With a favorable market, a large facility will give Getz Products a net profit of $200,000. If the market is unfavorable, a $180,000 net loss will occur. A small plant will result in a net profit of $100,000 in a favorable
Getz Products Company is investigating the possibility of producing and marketing backyard storage sheds. Undertaking this project would require the construction of either a large or a small manufacturing plant. The market for the product produced—storage sheds—could be either favorable or
Explain when to use each of the three types of decision-making environments
LO 17.5 The two main tactics for improving maintenance are _______ and _______.
LO 17.7 ______ maintenance partners operators with maintenance personnel to observe, check, adjust, clean, and notify.a) Partneringb) Operatorc) Breakdownd) Six Sigmae) Autonomous
LO 17.6 The appropriate maintenance policy is developed by balancing preventive maintenance costs with breakdown maintenance costs. The problem is that:a) preventive maintenance costs are very difficult to identify.b) full breakdown costs are seldom considered.c) preventive maintenance should be
LO 17.4 The process that involves monitoring equipment and facilities, and performing routine inspections and service to keep equipment and facilities reliable is known as:a) breakdown maintenance.b) failure maintenance.c) preventive maintenance.d) all of the above.
LO 17.3 What is the formula for the mean time between failures?a) Number of failures 4 Number of unit-hours of operating timeb) Number of unit-hours of operating time ÷ Number of failuresc) (Number of failures 4 Number of units tested) 3 100%d) (Number of units tested 4 Number of failures) 3
LO 17.2 The reliability of a system with n independent components equals:a) the sum of the individual reliabilities.b) the minimum reliability among all components.c) the maximum reliability among all components.d) the product of the individual reliabilities.e) the average of the individual
LO 17.1 The two main tactics for improving reliability are _______ and _______.
3. Discuss the pros and cons of hiring multi-craft maintenance personnel.Frito-Lay, the multi-billion-dollar subsidiary of food and beverage giant PepsiCo, maintains 36 plants in the U.S. and Canada.These facilities produce dozen of snacks, including the wellknown Lay’s, Fritos, Cheetos, Doritos,
2. What are the advantages and disadvantages of giving more responsibility for machine maintenance to the operator?Frito-Lay, the multi-billion-dollar subsidiary of food and beverage giant PepsiCo, maintains 36 plants in the U.S. and Canada.These facilities produce dozen of snacks, including the
1. What might be done to help take Frito-Lay to the next level of outstanding maintenance? Consider factors such as sophisticated software.Frito-Lay, the multi-billion-dollar subsidiary of food and beverage giant PepsiCo, maintains 36 plants in the U.S. and Canada.These facilities produce dozen of
• 17.16 The credit card issuing process at Atlanta Bank’s VISA program consists of 10 steps performed in series by different bank employees. The average reliability of each employee is 98%. Use Figure 17.2 in the text to help manager Yusen Xia find the overall reliability of the credit card
• • 17.13 Rick Wing, salesperson for Wave Soldering Systems, Inc. (WSSI), has provided you with a proposal for improving the temperature control on your present machine. The machine uses a hot-air knife to cleanly remove excess solder from printed circuit boards; this is a great concept, but
• 17.11 How much would reliability improve if the medical control system shown in Problem 17.9 changed to the redundant parallel system shown in Problem 17.10?
• • 17.8 Merrill Kim Sharp has a system composed of three components in parallel. The components have the following reliabilities:R1 = 0.90, R2 = 0.95, R3 = 0.85 What is the reliability of the system? (Hint: See Example 4.)
• • 17.5 A manufacturer of disk drives for notebook computers wants an MTBF of at least 50,000 hours. Recent test results for 10 units were one failure at 10,000 hours, another at 25,000 hours, and two more at 45,000 hours. The remaining units were still running at 60,000 hours. Determine the
• • 17.4 Robert Klassen Manufacturing, a medical equipment manufacturer, subjected 100 heart pacemakers to 5,000 hours of testing. Halfway through the testing, 5 pacemakers failed. What was the failure rate in terms of the following:a) Percentage of failures?b) Number of failures per unit-hour
• • 17.3 A new aircraft control system is being designed that must be 98% reliable. This system consists of three components in series. If all three of the components are to have the same level of reliability, what level of reliability is required?
• 17.2. A testing process at Boeing Aircraft has 400 components in series. The average reliability of each component is 99.5%. Use Figure 17.2 to find the overall reliability of the whole testing process.
• 17.1 The Beta II computer’s electronic processing unit contains 50 components in series. The average reliability of each component is 99.0%. Using Figure 17.2, determine the overall reliability of the processing unit.
10. Will preventive maintenance eliminate all breakdowns?
9. During an argument as to the merits of preventive maintenance at Windsor Printers, the company owner asked, “Why fix it before it breaks?” How would you, as the director of maintenance, respond?
8. What roles can computerized maintenance management systems play in the maintenance function?
7. How does machine design contribute to either increasing or alleviating the maintenance problem?
6. How can a manager evaluate the effectiveness of the maintenance function?
5. What is the trade-off between operator-performed maintenance versus supplier-performed maintenance?
4. How could simulation be a useful technique for maintenance problems?
3. Explain the notion of “infant mortality” in the context of product reliability.
2. How does one identify a candidate for preventive maintenance?
1. What is the objective of maintenance and reliability?
The National Bank is disturbed that its loan-application process has a reliability of only .713 (see Example 1) and would like to improve this situation.APPROACH c The bank decides to provide redundancy for the two least reliable clerks, with clerks of equal competence.
Twenty air-conditioning systems designed for use by astronauts in Russia’s Soyuz spacecraft were each operated for 1,000 hours at a Russian test facility. Two of the systems failed during the test—one after 200 hours and the other after 600 hours.APPROACH c To determine the percentage of
Define autonomous maintenance
Compare preventive and breakdown maintenance costs
Describe how to improve maintenance
Distinguish between preventive and breakdown maintenance
Describe how to improve system reliability
Describe MRP II
Describe closed-loop MRP
Describe ERP
Speaker Kits, Inc., packages high-fidelity components for mail order. Components for the top-of-theline speaker kit, “Awesome” (A), include 2 Bs and 3 Cs.Each B consists of 2 Ds and 2 Es. Each of the Cs has 2 Fs and 2 Es. Each F includes 2 Ds and 1 G.It is an awesome sound system. (Most
Each Awesome speaker kit (item A of Example 1) requires all the items in the product structure for A.Lead times are shown in Table 14.2.APPROACH c Using the information in Example 1 and Table 14.2, we construct the gross material requirements plan with a production schedule that will satisfy the
Speaker Kits, Inc., developed a product structure from a bill of material in Example 1. Example 2 developed a gross requirements plan. Given the following on-hand inventory, Speaker Kits, Inc., now wants to construct a net requirements plan. The gross requirement remains 50 units in week 8, and
Speaker Kits, Inc., wants to compute its ordering and carrying cost of inventory on lot-for-lot criteria.APPROACH c With lot-for-lot, we order material only as it is needed. Once we have the cost of ordering(setting up), the cost of holding each unit for a given time period, and the production
With a setup cost of $100 and a holding cost per week of $1, Speaker Kits, Inc., wants to examine its cost for component B, with lot sizes based on an EOQ criteria.APPROACH c Using the same cost and production schedule as in Example 4, we determine net requirements and EOQ lot sizes.
With a setup cost of $100 and a holding cost per week of $1, Speaker Kits, Inc., wants to examine its cost for component B, with lot sizes based on POQ.APPROACH c Using the same cost and production schedule as in Example 5, we determine net requirements and POQ lot sizes.
Kevin Watson, the production planner at Wiz Products, needs to develop a capacity plan for a work center. He has the production orders shown below for the next 5 days. There are 12 hours available in the work cell each day. The parts being produced require 1 hour eachAPPROACH c Compute the time
3. What are the similarities between MRP and DRP?
4. How does MRP II differ from MRP?
10. What functions of the firm affect an MRP system? How?
11. What is the rationale for (a) a phantom bill of material, (b) a planning bill of material, and (c) a pseudo bill of material?
12. Identify five specific requirements of an effective MRP system.
13. What are the typical benefits of ERP?
14. What are the distinctions between MRP, DRP, and ERP?
15. As an approach to inventory management, how does MRP differ from the approach taken in Chapter 12, dealing with economic order quantities (EOQs)?
16. What are the disadvantages of ERP?
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