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software testing and quality assurance
Software Engineering Principles And Practice 3rd Edition Hans Vliet - Solutions
Consider the following two program fragments:Fragment 1:found:= false; counter:= 1;while (counter < n) and (not found)do if table[counter] = element then found:= true end;counter:= counter + 1 end;if found then writeln (”found”) else writeln (”not found”) end;Fragment 2:found:= false;
For the example routine from exercise 9, construct a test set that achieves All-Uses coverage.
For the example routine from exercise 9, construct a test set that yields 100%branch coverage.
Consider the following routine (in Modula-2):procedure SiftDown(var A: array of integer; k, n: integer);var parent, child, insert, Ak: integer;begin parent:= k; child:= k + k;Ak:= A[k]; insert:= Ak;loop if child > n then exit end;if child < n then if A[child] > A[child+1] then child:= child+1 end
Define the following categories of control-flow coverage: All-Paths coverage, All-Edges coverage, All-Statements coverage.
What is test-driven development?
What is a Fagan inspection?
Define the following terms: error, fault, and failure.
What is the difference between black-box testing and white-box testing?
What assumptions underlie the mutation testing strategy?
Describe the following categories of test technique: coverage-based testing, fault-based testing, and error-based testing.
What is a test adequacy criterion? Which kinds of uses does it have?
To be aware of some mathematical models to estimate the reliability of software
To be able to distinguish different test stages
To be aware of the contents and structure of the test documentation
To understand the role and contents of testing activities in different life cycle phases
To be able to compare testing techniques with respect to their theoretical power as well as practical value
To appreciate a classification of testing techniques, based on the objectives they try to reach
To see how different test objectives lead to the selection of different testing techniques
To be aware of the major software testing techniques
~ How do design patterns impact the quality of a design?
~ The Document--View pattern relaxes the separation of view and controller in MVC. Describe the Document--View pattern in terms of the context in which it arises, the problem addressed, and its solution. Compare your solution with the Observer pattern in (Gamma et al., 1995, p. 293).
Discuss the assertion ‘The view that object-oriented methods make change easy is far too simplistic’. Consult (Lubars et al., 1992), who found that changes to object models were fairly localized, whereas changes to behavior models had more far-reaching consequences.
~ Why would object-oriented design be more ‘natural’ than, say, data flow design?
Write an essay on the differences and similarities of analysis and design activities in object-oriented analysis and design.
~ Extend the model from the previous exercise such that it also includes the attributes and services of objects.
~ Extend the object model of figure 12.27 such that it also models user queries to the catalog.
~ According to (Fenton and Pfleeger, 1996), any tree impurity metric m should have the following properties:a. m(G) = 0 if and only if G is a tree;b. m(G1) > m(G2) if G1 differs from G2 only by the insertion of an extra arc;c. For i = 1; 2 let Ai denote the number of arcs in Gi and Ni the number of
Augment IEEE Standard 1016 such that it also describes the design rationale. Which user roles are in need of this type of information?
Discuss the possible merits of those design techniques with respect to reusability.
Discuss the pros and cons of:– functional decomposition,– data flow design,– design based on data structures, and– object-oriented design for the design of each of:– a compiler,– a patient monitoring system, and– a stock control system.
Write the design documentation for a project you have been involved in, following IEEE 1016.
~ Make it plausible that the formula for the cyclomatic complexity should read CV = e n + p + 1 rather than CV = e n + 2p. (Hint: consider the following program:begin if A then B else C endif;call P;print(”done”)en procedure P;begin if X then Y else Z endif end P;Draw the flow graph for this
What are the properties of a design pattern?
What are the differences between object-oriented design and the simple application of the information hiding principle?
Discuss the general flavor of RUP˘s Analysis and Design workflow.
What is the main difference between problem-oriented and product-oriented design methods?
Explain what a structure clash is in JSP.
Give a global sketch of the Data Flow Design method.
What is functional decomposition?
Discuss the relative merits and drawbacks of deep and narrow versus wide and shallow inheritance trees.
How does the Law of Demeter relate to the maintainability of object-oriented systems?
What does RFC -- Response For a Class -- measure?
Why is DIT -- the depth of a class in the inheritance tree -- a useful metric to consider when assessing the quality of an object-oriented system?
Compute Henri and Kafura’s information flow metric for the design of two systems you have been involved in. Do these numbers agree with our intuitive understanding?
Draw the call graphs for a non-trivial program you have written, and determine its tree impurity. Does the number obtained agree with our intuitive idea about the ‘quality’ of the decomposition?
Is cyclomatic complexity a good indicator of system complexity?
Give the formula and a rationale for the information flow complexity metric.
Would the cyclomatic complexity be any different if the last if-statement were written as follows:if average 8 then if no 6 then print(”with distinction”)endif endif;Does this concur with your own ideas of a control complexity measure, i.e.does it fulfill the representation condition?
Determine the cyclomatic complexity of the following program:no 6:= true; sum:= 0;for i to no of courses do if grade[i] < 7 then no 6:= false endif;sum:= sum + grade[i]endfor;average:= sum / no of courses;if average 8 and no 6 then print(”with distinction”)endif;
Give an outline of Halstead’s software science.
What is the essence of information hiding?
In what sense are the various notions of coupling technology-dependent?
Explain the notions cohesion and coupling.
List and explain Yourdon and Constantine’s seven levels of cohesion.
What is the difference between procedural abstraction and data abstraction?
To be aware of guidelines for the design documentation
To understand the role of design patterns and be able to illustrate their properties
To be aware of a global classification scheme for design methods
To understand the general flavor of object-oriented analysis and design methods
To be aware of some widely-known classical design methods
To be aware of some object-oriented metrics
To understand different notions of complexity, at both the module and system level
To be able to discern desirable properties of a software design
Write an essay on the role of the software architect. See for example(Kruchten, 1999)
Write an essay on the influence of social and organizational issues on software architecture. See for example (Cockburn, 1996).
~ What are the possible roles of software architecture and design patterns during software comprehension?
~ For that same system, develop a business oriented view. Indicate the concerns this view addresses.
~ For that same system, develop a module view. Indicate the concerns this view addresses.
~ Take a software system you have been involved in. Identify and document three important design decisions for that system.
To what extent may the development organization, background and expertise of the designer, and the technical environment have influenced the architecture of the World Wide Web? See also (Bass et al., 2003, chapter 13).
Explain the steps of ATAM.
What is a software architecture assessment?
In what sense may the layers in a layered architecture be viewed as virtual machines?
Define the following connector types: data flow, message passing, shared data.
Define the following component types: computational, memory, manager.
Why is language so important in software design?
Why is error-handling difficult in the pipes-and-filter architectural style?
In what sense does the abstract-data-type architectural style constrain the designer?
Describe in your own words the essence of the implicit-invocation architectural style.
Explain the difference between module, component and connector, and allocation viewpoints.
What is the difference between the conceptual or logical viewpoint and the implementation viewpoint?
What is the difference between the notions software architecture and design pattern?
What is the role of the backlog in design?
Explain the architecture design method ADD (Attribute Driven Design).
What is the relation between design decisions and software architecture?
What is the main purpose of a software architecture?
What is the difference between software architecture and top-level design?
Give a definition of the term ‘software architecture’. Explain the different elements in this definition.
To understand the role and purpose of software architecture assessments
To be able to characterize some important software architectural styles
To be able to document a software architecture in different views
To understand the relation between software architecture and design decisions
To appreciate the role of software architecture in software development
~ In what sense can the interface to a class be considered a contract? What are the repercussions of this for subtyping relations? (See (Meyer, 1992)).
In what respects does a UML state diagram differ from a state transition diagram?
What are CRC cards and use-case scenarios used for in object-oriented analysis and design?
Explain the difference between a class diagram and a component diagram.
Explain the difference between a sequence diagram and a communication diagram.
Explain the difference between a class diagram and a state machine diagram.
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