The Essentials Of Statistics A Tool For Social Research 2nd Edition Joseph F. Healey - Solutions

Discover the comprehensive solution manual for "The Essentials Of Statistics: A Tool For Social Research, 2nd Edition" by Joseph F. Healey. Access step-by-step answers and solved problems that provide clear explanations to all questions and answers. Enhance your learning experience with our solutions PDF and instructor manual, perfect for students and educators. Our test bank and chapter solutions offer a deep dive into the textbook, ensuring you have all the resources needed to succeed. Enjoy the convenience of online answers key and free download options, making it easier than ever to master the material.

1. Measures of Center In what sense are the mean, median, mode, and midrange measures of “center”?
5. Consumer Survey The Consumer Advocacy Union mails a survey to 500 randomly selected car owners, and 185 responses are received. One question asks the amount spent for the cars that were purchased. A frequency distribution and histogram are constructed from those amounts. Can those results be
4. If a gambler learns that the last 500 spins of a particular roulette wheel resulted in numbers that have an average (mean) of 5, can that information be helpful in winning?
3. Examine the distribution of the results in the table. Given that the last class summarizes results from three slots, is its frequency of 25 approximately consistent with results that would be expected from an unbiased roulette wheel? In general, do the frequencies suggest that the roulette wheel
2. What is the level of measurement of the results?
1. Consider the numbers that result from spins. Do those numbers measure or count anything?
6. Time-Series Graph Refer to Table 2-1 and use the ages of Oscar-winning actresses.Those ages are listed in order. Construct a time-series graph. Is there a trend? Are the ages systematically changing over time?
5. Scatterplot of Ages of Actresses and Actors Refer to Table 2-1 and use only the first 10 ages of actresses and the first 10 ages of actors. Construct a scatterplot. Based on the result, does there appear to be an association between the ages of actresses and the ages of actors?
4. Stemplot of Ages of Best Actors Construct a stemplot of the ages of the Oscarwinning actors listed in Table 2-1. How does the result compare to the stemplot for the ages of the actresses? The stemplot for the ages of the Best Actresses is included in Section 2-4 (see page 59).
3. Dotplot of Ages of Best Actors Construct a dotplot of the ages of the Oscar-winning actors listed in Table 2-1. How does the result compare to the dotplot for the ages of the actresses? The dotplot for the ages of the Best Actresses is included in Section 2-4 (see page 58).
2. Histogram of Ages of Best Actors Construct the histogram that corresponds to the frequency distribution from Exercise 1. How does the result compare to the histogram for actresses (Figure 2-2)?
1. Frequency Distribution of Ages of Best Actors Construct a frequency distribution of the ages of the Oscar-winning actors listed in Table 2-1. Use the same class intervals that were used for the frequency distribution of the Oscar-winning actresses, as shown in Table 2-2. How does the result
4. Normal Distribution A histogram is constructed from a set of sample values. What are two key features of the histogram that would suggest that the data have a normal distribution?
3. Real Estate A real estate broker is investigating the selling prices of homes in his region over the past 50 years. Which graph would be better: a histogram or a time-series graph? Why?
2. Comparing Data When comparing two data sets, which is better: frequency distributions or relative frequency distributions? Why?
1. Exploring Data When investigating the distribution of a data set, which is more effective:a frequency distribution or a histogram? Why?
24. What is the coldest temperature endured by any of the men, and when was that coldest temperature reached?
23. Of the 320,000 men who marched from Vilna to Moscow, how many of them made it to Moscow? Approximately how far did they travel from Vilna to Moscow?
22. Find the number of men and the percentage of men who died crossing the Berezina River.
21. The number of men who began the campaign is shown as 422,000. Find the number of those men and the percentage of those men who survived the entire campaign.
20. Indoor Movie Theaters Given below are the numbers of indoor movie theaters, listed in order by row for each year beginning with 1987 (based on data from the National Association of Theater Owners). What is the trend? How does this trend compare to the trend for drive-in movie theaters? (A
19. Runway Near-Hits Given below are the numbers of runway near-hits by aircraft, listed in order for each year beginning with 1990 (based on data from the Federal Aviation Administration). Is there a trend? If so, what is it?281 242 219 186 200 240 275 292 325 321 421>2-4 Statistical Graphics 67
18. Energy Consumption and Temperature In Data Set 9, use the 10 average daily temperatures and use the corresponding 10 amounts of energy consumption (kWh). (Use the temperatures for the horizontal scale.) Based on the result, is there a relationship between the average daily temperatures and the
17. Cigarette Tar CO In Data Set 3, use tar for the horizontal scale and use carbon monoxide (CO) for the vertical scale. Determine whether there appears to be a relationship between cigarette tar and CO. If so, describe the relationship.
16. Fatal Occupational Injuries Refer to the data given in Exercise 15 and construct a Pareto chart. Compare the Pareto chart to the pie chart. Which graph is more effective in showing the relative importance of the causes of work-related deaths?In Exercises 17 and 18, use the given paired data
15. Fatal Occupational Injuries In a recent year, 5524 people were killed while working.Here is a breakdown of causes: transportation (2375); contact with objects or equipment(884); assaults or violent acts (829); falls (718); exposure to harmful substances or a harmful environment (552); fires or
14. Jobs Refer to the data given in Exercise 13, and construct a pie chart. Compare the pie chart to the Pareto chart. Can you determine which graph is more effective in showing the relative importance of job sources?
13. Jobs A study was conducted to determine how people get jobs. The table below lists data from 400 randomly selected subjects. The data are based on results from the National Center for Career Strategies. Construct a Pareto chart that corresponds to the given data. If someone would like to get a
12. Frequency Polygon Use the heights to construct a frequency polygon. For the horizontal axis, use the midpoint values obtained from these class intervals: 90–99, 100–109, 110–119, 120–129, 130–139, 140–149, 150–159.
11. Ogive Use the heights to construct an ogive. For the horizontal axis, use these class boundaries: 89.5, 99.5, 109.5, 119.5, 129.5, 139.5, 149.5, 159.5. How many eruptions were below 120 ft?
10. Dotplot Construct a dotplot of the heights. What does the dotplot suggest about the distribution of the heights?
9. Stemplot Use the heights to construct a stemplot. What does the stemplot suggest about the distribution of the heights?
8. Ogive Use the 35 actual high temperatures to construct an ogive. For the horizontal axis, use these class boundaries: 49.5, 59.5, 69.5, 79.5, 89.5. How many days was the actual high temperature below 80°F?In Exercises 9–12, use the 40 heights of eruptions of the Old Faithful geyser listed in
7. Frequency Polygon Use the 35 actual high temperatures to construct a frequency polygon. For the horizontal axis, use the midpoint values obtained from these class intervals:50–59, 60–69, 70–79, 80–89.
6. Stemplot Use the 35 actual high temperatures to construct a stemplot. What does the stemplot suggest about the distribution of the temperatures?
5. Dotplot Construct a dotplot of the actual high temperatures. What does the dotplot suggest about the distribution of the high temperatures?
4. Pie Chart versus Pareto Chart Why is it generally better to use a Pareto chart instead of a pie chart?In Exercises 5–8, use the given 35 actual high temperatures listed in Data Set 8 of Appendix B.
3. Time-Series Graph What type of data are required for the construction of a timeseries graph, and what does a time-series graph reveal about the data?
2. Scatterplot What type of data are required for the construction of a scatterplot, and what does the scatterplot reveal about the data?
1. Why Graph? What is the main objective in graphing data?
17. Comparing Ages of Actors and Actresses Refer to Table 2-8 and use the relative frequency distribution for the best actors to construct a relative frequency histogram.Compare the result to Figure 2-3, which is the relative frequency histogram for the best actresses. Do the two genders appear to
16. Regular Coke and Diet Coke Refer to Exercise 24 in Section 2-2 and use the two relative frequency distributions to construct the two corresponding relative frequency histograms. Compare the results and determine whether there appears to be a significant difference. If there is a difference, how
15. Weights of Pennies Refer to Exercise 23 in Section 2-2 and use the frequency distribution for the weights of the pre-1983 pennies. Construct the corresponding histogram.Do the weights appear to have a normal distribution?
14. Weather Data Refer to Exercise 22 in Section 2-2 and use the frequency distribution from the actual low temperatures to construct a histogram. Do the data appear to have a distribution that is approximately normal?
13. BMI Values Refer to Exercise 21 in Section 2-2 and use the frequency distribution to construct a histogram. Do the data appear to have a distribution that is approximately normal?
12. Nicotine in Cigarettes Refer to Exercise 20 in Section 2-2 and use the frequency distribution to construct a histogram. Do the data appear to have a distribution that is approximately normal?
11. Rainfall Amounts Refer to Exercise 19 in Section 2-2 and use the frequency distribution to construct a histogram. Do the data appear to have a distribution that is approximately normal?
10. Loaded Die Refer to Exercise 18 from Section 2-2 for the results from 180 rolls of a die that the author loaded. Use the frequency distribution to construct the corresponding histogram. What should the histogram look like if the die is perfectly fair and unbiased?Does the histogram for the
What can be concluded from the distribution of the digits? Specifically, do the heights appear to be reported or actually measured?
9. Analysis of Last Digits Refer to Exercise 17 from Section 2-2 for the last digits of heights of statistics students that were obtained as part of an experiment conducted for class. Use the frequency distribution from that exercise to construct a histogram.
8. Class Width What is the class width?
7. Gap What is a reasonable explanation for the large gap between the leftmost bar and the other bars?
6. Variation What is the minimum possible weight? What is the maximum possible weight?
5. Sample Size How many crew members are included in the histogram?
4. Normal Distribution After examining a histogram, what criterion can be used to determine whether the data have a distribution that is approximately normal? Is this criterion totally objective, or does it involve subjective judgment?
3. Small Data Set If a data set is small, such as one that has only five values, why should we not bother to construct a histogram?
2. Histogram and Frequency Distribution Given that a histogram is essentially a graphic representation of the same data in a frequency distribution, what major advantage does a histogram have over a frequency distribution?
1. Histogram What important characteristic of data can be better understood through examination of a histogram?
SOC The scores on four variables for 20 individuals are reported below: hours of TV (average number of hours of TV viewing each day), occupational prestige (higher scores indicate greater prestige), number of children, and age.Take TV viewing as the dependent variable and select two of the
Problem 14.8 presented per capita expenditures on education for 15 states, along with rank on income per capita and the percentage of the population that has graduated from high school.The data are reproduced below.Take educational expenditures as the dependent variable.a. Compute beta-weights for
SW Twelve families have been referred to a counselor, and she has rated each of them on a cohesiveness scale. Also, she has information on family income and number of children currently living at home. Take family cohesion as the dependent variable.Family Cohesion Score Income Number of Children A
PS Problem 14.4 presented data on 10 precincts.The information is reproduced here.Precinct Percent Democrat Percent Minority Voter Turnout A 50 10 56 B 45 12 55 C 56 8 52 D 78 15 60 E 13 5 89 F 85 20 25 G 62 18 64 H 33 9 88 I 25 0 42 J 49 9 36 Take voter turnout as the dependent variable and do the
SOC/CJ In Problem 14.5, crime and population data were presented for each of 10 states. The data are reproduced here.Take the three crime variables as the dependent variables (one at a time) and do the following.a. Find the multiple regression equations (unstandardized) with growth and mobility as
SOC Data on civil strife (number of incidents), unemployment, and urbanization have been gathered for 10 nations. Take civil strife as the dependent variable. Compute the zero-order correlations among all three variables.Number of Incidents of Civil Strife Unemployment Rate Percentage of Population
SOC A scale measuring support for increases in the national defense budget has been administered to a sample. The respondents have also been asked to indicate how many years of school they have completed and how manya. Compute the partial correlation coeffi cient for the relationship between
and see Section 15.2.)b. Compute the partial correlation coeffi cient for the relationship between turnout (Y ) and negative advertising (X ) while controlling for the effect of unemployment (Z ). What effect does this have on the bivariate relationship?Is the relationship between turnout and
PS In Problem 14.1 data regarding voter turnout in fi ve cities were presented. For the sake of convenience, the data for three of the variables are presented again here along with descriptive statistics and zero-order correlations.City Turnout Unemployment Rate% Negative Ads A 55 5 60 B 60 8 63 C
SOC Fifteen individuals were selected from a nationally representative sample, and their scores on fi ve variables are reproduced below. Is there a relationship between occupational prestige and age? Between occupational prestige and gender?Between church attendance and number of children? Between
SOC The table below presents the scores of 15 states on three variables. Compute r and r 2 for each combination of variables. Write a paragraph interpreting the relationship among these three variables.State Per Capita Expenditures on Education, 2005 Percent High School Graduates, 2006*Rank in Per
SOC The basketball coach at a small local college believes that his team plays better and scores more points in front of larger crowds. The number of points scored and attendance for all home games last season are reported below. Do these data support the coach’s argument?Game Points Scored
Data on three variables have been collected for 15 nations as of 2007. The variables are fertility rate (average number of children born to each woman), average life expectancy for females, and percent urban.Nation Fertility Life Expectancy for Females Percent Urban Niger 7.1 55 17 Cambodia 3.4 65
SOC/CJ The table below presents the scores of 10 states on each of six variables: three measures of criminal activity and three measures of population structure. Crime rates are number of incidents per 100,000 population as of 2005.For each combination of crime rate and population characteristic:a.
PS The variables below were collected for a random sample of 10 precincts during the last national election. Draw scattergrams and compute r and r 2 for each combination of variables.Write a paragraph interpreting the relationship between these variables.Precinct Percent Democrat Percent Minority
GER The residents of a housing development for senior citizens have completed a survey in which they indicated how physically active they are and how many visitors they receive each week. Are these two variables related for the 10 cases reported here? Draw a scattergram and compute r and r 2. Find
SOC Occupational prestige scores for a sample of fathers and their oldest son and oldest daughter are shown in the table.Family Father’s Prestige Son’s Prestige Daughter’s Prestige A 80 85 82 B 78 80 77 C 75 70 68 D 70 75 77 E 69 72 60 F 66 60 52 G 64 48 48 H 52 55 57 Analyze the relationship
PS Why does voter turnout vary from election to election? For municipal elections in fi ve different cities, information has been gathered on the percentage of registered voters who actually voted, unemployment rate, average years of education for the city, and the percentage of all political ads
Twenty ethnic, racial, or national groups were rated by a random sample of white and black students on a social distance scale. Lower scores represent less social distance and less prejudice. How similar are these rankings?
SOC Below are the scores of a sample of 15 nations on a measure of ethnic diversity(the higher the number, the greater the diversity) and a measure of economic inequality(the higher the score, the greater the inequality). Are these variables related? Are ethnically diverse nations more economically
SW Several years ago, a job-training program began, and a team of social workers screened the candidates for suitability for employment.Now the screening process is being evaluated, and the actual work performance of a sample of hired candidates has been rated. Did the screening process work? Is
SOC A random sample of 11 neighborhoods in Shinbone, Kansas, has been rated by an urban sociologist on a quality-of-life scale (which includes measures of affl uence, availability of medical care, and recreational facilities) and a social cohesion scale. The results are presented below in scores.
The tables below test the relationship between income and a set of dependent variables. For each table, calculate percentages and gamma.Describe the strength and direction of each relationship in a few sentences. Be careful in interpreting direction.a. Support for the legal right to an abortion by
SOC In a recent survey, a random sample of respondents was asked to indicate how happy they were with their situations in life. Are their responses related to income level? Describe the strength and direction of the relationship.Income Happiness Low Moderate High Totals Not happy 101 82 36 219
SOC Are prejudice and level of education related? State your conclusion in a few sentences.Level of Education Prejudice Elementary School High School Some College College Graduate Totals Low 48 50 61 42 201 High 45 43 33 27 148 Totals 93 93 94 69 349
SW A sample of children has been observed and rated for symptoms of depression. Their parents have been rated for authoritarianism. Is there any relationship between these variables? Write a few sentences stating your conclusions.Symptoms of Depression Authoritarianism Low Moderate High Totals Few
PA All applicants for municipal jobs in Shinbone, Kansas, are given an aptitude test, but the test has never been evaluated to see if test scores are in any way related to job performance. The following table reports aptitude test scores and job performance ratings for a random sample of 75 city
Is there a relationship between education and support for women in the paid labor force? Is the relationship between the variables different for different nations? The World Values Survey has been administered to random samples drawn from Canada, the United States, and Mexico. Respondents were
SOC Some research has shown that families vary by how they socialize their children to sports, games, and other leisure-time activities.In middle-class families, such activities are carefully monitored by parents and are, in general, dominated by adults (for example, Little League baseball). In
CJ A random sample of 150 cities has been classifi ed as small, medium, or large by population and as high or low on crime rate. Is there a relationship between city size and crime rate?City Size Crime Rate Small Medium Large Totals Low 21 17 8 46 High 29 33 42 104 Totals 50 50 50 150 Describe the
SOC A small sample of non-English-speaking immigrants to the United States has been interviewed about their level of assimilation. Is the pattern of adjustment affected by length of residence in the United States? For each table, compute gamma and summarize the relationship in terms of strength and
SOC Below are fi ve dependent variables crosstabulated against gender as an independent variable. Use column percentages, the maximum difference, and an appropriate measure of association to analyze these relationships.Summarize the results of your analysis in a paragraph that describes the
SOC A researcher has conducted a survey on sexual attitudes for a sample of 317 teenagers.The respondents were asked whether they considered premarital sex to be “always wrong” or“OK under certain circumstances.” The tables below summarize the relationship between responses to this item and
GER A survey of senior citizens who live in either a housing development specifi cally designed for retirees or an age-integrated neighborhood has been conducted. Is type of living arrangement related to sense of social isolation?Living Arrangement Sense of Isolation Housing Development Integrated
CJ About half the neighborhoods in a large city have instituted programs to increase citizen involvement in crime prevention. Do these areas experience less crime? Write a few sentences describing the relationship in terms of pattern and strength of the association. Use column percentages, the
SW As the state director of mental health programs, you note that some local mental health facilities have very high rates of staff turnover. You believe that part of this problem is a result of the fact that some of the local directors have very little training in administration and poorly
SOC A needs assessment survey has been distributed in a large retirement community. Residents were asked to check off the services or programs they thought should be added. Use column percentages, the maximum difference, and measures of association to describe the strength and direction of the
PS How consistent are people in their voting habits? Do people vote for the same party from election to election? Below are the results of a poll in which people were asked if they had voted Democrat or Republican in each of the last two presidential elections. Use column percentages, the maximum
SOC The administration of a local college campus has proposed an increase in the mandatory student fee in order to fi nance an upgrading of the intercollegiate football program. A member of the faculty has completed a survey on the issues. Is there any association between support for raising fees
PA Various supervisors in the city government of Shinbone, Kansas, have been rated on the extent to which they practice authoritarian styles of leadership and decision making. The effi ciency of each department has also been rated, and the results are summarized below. Use column percentages, the
SOC Some results from a survey administered to a nationally representative sample are presented below. For each table, conduct the chi square test of signifi cance and compute column percentages. Write a sentence or two of interpretation for each test.a. Support for the legal right to an abortion
SOC Does support for the legalization of marijuana vary by region of the country? The table displays the relationship between the two variables for a random sample of 1,020 adult citizens. Is the relationship signifi cant?Region Legalize? North Midwest South West Totals Yes 60 65 42 78 245 No 245

Showing 1600 - 1700 of 5564

First
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
Last

The Essentials Of Statistics A Tool For Social Research 2nd Edition Joseph F. Healey - Solutions

Step by Step Answers