Mathematical Statistics For Economics And Business 2nd Edition Ron C.Mittelhammer - Solutions

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Use the “Recode into Different Variables” dialog box to create a new version of V197. Call this new variable scitech. Code the categories assigned −5, −2, and−1 as missing data. Combine categories 1 through 10 into just three categories:1 (values 1 through 4), 2 (5), and 3 (values 6
Toggle to “Data View” in the “Data Editor” window to assign the following labels to the three categories: “worse off” (1–4), “neutral” (5), and “better off”(6–10).
Generate a frequency distribution for scitech. Explain how you can use the frequency distribution for V197 to confirm that the recoding proceeded properly.
Use the “Graphs” menu to generate a bar graph showing the distribution of respondents across the categories of scitech. What does it show us about global attitudes regarding the role of science and technology in improving the world?
Coachella has been a popular summer music festival in the United States since it started in 1999. When Beyoncé headlined the festival in 2018, she became the first black woman headliner. Table 3.19 lists the race and gender of each artist who performed as an individual headlining act at Coachella
In 2017, the Pew Research Center asked respondents about their experiences taking time off work for the birth or adoption of a child. In a sample of 1,106 people who took time off from work, a large number of people reported that their leaves had been unpaid.a. Use the following information to
The Pew Research Center polled the American public about their attitudes toward guns in 2017. Researchers asked gun owners how important owning a gun was to their identity. They also asked respondents whether they thought that people who wanted to do harm would do so regardless of whether they had
Reconstruct the cross-tabulation in Table 3.20 using row percentages. Explain how the results of this new table differ from the results in Table 3.20.
A blogger wrote a blog post about gun culture in the United States that went viral.In it, he claimed that American gun culture was “steeped in sexism.” He didn’t show any data to support his claim. Table 3.21 shows a cross-tabulation of the importance of gun ownership to gun owners’
The Pew Research Center surveyed a nationally representative sample of U.S.residents in 2018 and found generational differences in support for expanding the wall along the U.S. border with Mexico, as shown in Figure 3.15. (Millennials were born between 1981 and 1996, Generation X-ers between 1965
A local reporter notices that Figure 3.15 from Problem 6 includes a “don’t know” category for opinions about extending the border wall. She suspects that those “don’t know” respondents lean toward support and decides to report the results with those respondents categorized as supporting
Table 3.22 shows the effect of family income on smartphone and computer access at home for U.S. teenagers in 2018.a. Is there a relationship between family income and smartphone access at home?b. Is there a relationship between family income and computer access at home?c. Offer one reason why
Use the following data to generate a cross-tabulation between parents’ feelings about how technology affects their own well-being and how it affects their children’s well-being. It should report total percentages and the appropriate frequencies in each cell. Present parents’ attitudes about
In the cross-tabulation that you generated for Problem 9, explain what the numbers in these two cells mean: (1) parents who feel positively affected or unaffected by technology AND that technology is a dangerous influence on their children and (2) parents who feel positively affected or unaffected
Publicized incidences of civilians being shot by police have led to calls for police to wear body cameras to record their interactions with the public. Figure 3.16 shows clustered bar graphs of attitudes about body cameras among police and the general public. Panel A shows opinions about whether
Open WVSWave6.dta. Follow the same steps that you used in chapter 2 to generate the variable called scitech, measuring respondents’ attitudes about whether science and technology improve the world. (Scitech is a new version of V197. See page 119 for a reminder.)
Use the “generate” and “recode” commands to create a new version of V147, which categorizes respondents as religious, not religious, or atheist. Call this new variable religious. For the new religious variable, keep the “religious person,”“not a religious person,” and “atheist”
Use the “tabulate” command to generate a cross-tabulation of scitech and religious, with religious displayed across the columns and scitech down the rows.Use the “row” and “column” options in your command to include row and column percentages in the cells of the table.
Examine the table shown in the output. Be sure to pay attention to the table’s Key.a. Examining column percentages, which is the dependent variable, and which is the independent variable?b. Show by hand how the column percentage was calculated in the cell for respondents who are religious and
Open WVSWave6.sav. Follow the same steps that you used in Chapter 2 to generate the variable called scitech, measuring respondents’ attitudes about whether science and technology improve the world. (Scitech is a new version of V197. See page 120 for a reminder.)
Use the “recode” procedure to create a new version of V147, which categorizes respondents as religious, not religious, or atheist. Call this new variable religious. For the new religious variable, keep the “religious person,” “not a religious person,” and “atheist” categories, and
Use the “crosstab” procedure to generate a cross-tabulation of scitech and religious, with religious displayed across the columns and scitech down the rows.Select the “row” and “column” options to include row and column percentages in the table.
Examine the table shown in the output.a. When you examine column percentages, which is the dependent variable, and which is the independent variable?b. Show by hand how the column percentage was calculated in the cell for respondents who are religious and feel that science and technology have
Open WVSWave6.sav. Use the “Frequencies” dialog box to produce summary statistics for V96.
Find the mean in the output and explain what it tells us about respondents’attitudes about income inequality.
Find the median in the output and explain what it tells us about respondents’attitudes about income inequality.
Find the mode in the output and explain what it tells us about respondents’attitudes.
Compare the mean, median, and mode for V96. What do these measures of central tendency suggest about the shape of the distribution?
Use the “Histogram” dialog box to generate a histogram of V96.
Which measure(s) of central tendency should you report based on the histogram?
Open WVSWave6.dta. Use the “summarize” command to produce summary statistics for V96. Find the mean in the output and explain what it tells us about respondents’ attitudes about income inequality.
Use the “tabstat” command to find the median for V96. Explain what the median tells us about respondents’ attitudes about income inequality.
Use the “tabulate” command to find the mode for V96. Explain what it tells us about respondents’ attitudes.
Compare the mean, median, and mode for V96. What do these measures of central tendency suggest about the shape of the distribution?
Use the “histogram” command to generate a histogram of V96.
Which measure(s) of central tendency should you report based on the histogram?
Table 4.10 shows the scores for each of the four games in the 2018 NBA finals between the Cleveland Cavaliers and the Golden State Warriors.a. What was the mean score for the Warriors in the series? For the Cavaliers?What is the difference between the mean scores?b. For each game, by how many
In 2018, the Pew Research Center found that 61% of American adults thought that higher education in the United States was heading in the wrong direction.Imagine a follow-up study that wanted to know how strongly people agreed or disagreed that higher education was headed in the wrong direction. The
Figure 4.21 shows the distribution of responses from the sample described in Problem 2.a. What is the shape of the distribution in Figure 4.21?b. Given the shape of the distribution, which measure of central tendency is most appropriate to present for this sample? Explain your answer.
Figures 4.22a and 4.22b show the separate distributions of the sample from Problem 3 for Republicans and Democrats, respectively.a. What is the shape of the distribution for Republicans? For Democrats?b. Discuss the differences in Republicans’ and Democrats’ views of the direction of higher
The following list shows the dollar values of assets owned by a group of forty-fiveyear-olds: 15,000; 27,000; 0; 3,000; 100,000; 32,000; 20,500; 1,000; 37,700; 55,000;117,000; −20,000. Positive values indicate that the person has more assets than debt, and negative numbers indicate that the
Table 4.11 shows how many paid days off employees are legally entitled to in twenty-one countries.a. Complete the Cumulative Frequency column.b. Find the mean for this distribution. Explain the mean in words.c. Find the median for this distribution. Explain the median in words.d. Find the mode for
The United States is the only country from Problem 6 where employees are not legally entitled to any paid days off from work.a. Remove the United States from the distribution and recalculate the mean, median, and mode for the distribution.b. Are these measures of central tendency different from
A student makes Table 4.12 showing how he calculated the mean for a variable measuring respondents’ hair color in his data set. The student concludes that the mean of 5.1 means that grey is the typical hair color for his respondents. Do you agree with the student? Explain your answer.
In 2018, Saudi Arabia ended a ban on women driving. Prior to the ban being lifted, Saudi activist and writer Wajeha al-Huwaider filmed a video of herself driving a car and calling for an end to the ban. The video was posted on YouTube and received more than 600,000 views. A young data scientist
The data scientist categorized 437,521 comments as positive and 151,500 as negative. She found that 10,979 of the comments could not be categorized as either positive or negative, and she decided to define these as“missing data.”a. Find the mean for this variable, using the values assigned to
Now the variable has three categories:negative (0), positive (1), and indeterminate (2). Is it still appropriate to find the mean for this variable? Explain your answer.d. What is the mode for the second version of the variable, with three categories?
The New York Times asked its readers to suggest names for the generation after millennials, people born between roughly 1995 and 2015. Imagine that the most frequently submitted suggestions were “Generation Z” (N = 231), “Homeland Generation” (N = 20), “Post-Millennials” (N = 101), and
At the January 2018 Women’s March in Boston, researchers from Boston University surveyed a group of 1,000 march participants, asking them about their incomes, ages, and jobs. Figure 4.23 shows the income distribution of the participants.a. What is the shape of the distribution in Figure 4.23?b.
Parts a through f list variables and measurements, and Figures 4.24a through 4.24f show visual representations of how their values are distributed. For each variable, identify the measure(s) of central tendency that would be appropriate to report.a. Countries’ gross domestic product in dollarsb.
A study of Americans’ consumer behavior finds that the mean number of credit cards for the sample is 3.6. After reading the study, a blogger writes in a post:“The average American has 3.6 credit cards.”a. Explain how it is possible for the mean to include a fraction of a credit card.b. Do you
Open ANES2016.sav. Use the appropriate “Descriptives” procedure to ask SPSS for the following statistics for each feeling thermometer: standard deviation; mean;interquartile range; values for the 25th, 75th, and 50th percentiles; and range.
Which Clinton’s interquartile range is larger? What is the low and high value of the interquartile range for each Clinton? What does this say about variability in voters’ opinions about each of them?
What is the range for each Clinton? What must be the highest and lowest value for each of them?
What is the standard deviation for each Clinton? Explain what they mean in words.
Use the appropriate “Descriptives” procedure to generate box plots of the feeling thermometers for Hillary and Bill Clinton.
Open the ANES2016.dta. Use the “tabstat” command to ask Stata for the following statistics for each feeling thermometer: standard deviation; mean;interquartile range; values for the 25th, 75th, and 50th percentiles; and range.
Which Clinton’s interquartile range is larger? What is the low and high value of the interquartile range for each Clinton? What does this say about variability in voters’ opinions about each of them?
What is the range for each Clinton? What must be the highest and lowest value for each of them?
What is the standard deviation for each Clinton? Explain what they mean in words.
Use the “graph box” command to generate box plots of the feeling thermometers for Hillary and Bill Clinton.
Table 5.9 shows the rents for fourteen renters of two-bedroom apartments from three cities.a. How many respondents answered this question?b. The mean score for this variable is 5.5, indicating that, on average, respondents slightly agree that social media encourages bullying. What does the
Table 5.10 shows the eleven values for the social media variable described in Problem
The table includes two columns, deviation from the mean and squared deviation.a. Given that the sample mean is 5.5, complete the two unfinished columns in Table 5.10.b. Use the information from the Squared Deviation column and the frequencies shown in Figure 5.20 to calculate the standard deviation
A researcher uses the data from Problem 2 to investigate whether there is more variation among boys or girls in attitudes about whether social media encourages bullying. She finds that the range is 10 for boys and girls. However, the standard deviation is 5.5 for boys and 2 for girls.a. Based on
Based on the information from Problems 2 and 3, which measures of variability are appropriate for characterizing diversity of social media attitudes in the sample overall: range, standard deviation, or interquartile range? Explain your answer.
The 2016 American National Election Survey (ANES) asked respondents to rate conservatives and liberals on a feeling thermometer ranging from 0 (very cold or unfavorable) to 100 (very warm or favorable). For both variables, the highest value given by a respondent was 100, and the lowest was 0.a.
The same sample of 366 ANES respondents from Problem 6 yielded the box plot shown in Figure 5.21, for the feeling thermometer for liberals.a. What is the interquartile range for the liberals feeling thermometer?b. Compare the interquartile ranges for the conservative and liberal feeling
Shiru Café serves college students free coffee every 2 hours in exchange for students’ names, email addresses, field of study, and professional interests. In exchange, students allow Shiru’s corporate sponsors to access their information.Figure 5.22 shows two distributions: the number of cups
A survey asked respondents whether they disagreed with (1), felt neutral about(2), or agreed with (3) the following statement: “When a musical artist says something that goes against your own beliefs, you should not buy that artist’s music.” Students in a class called Music and Politics
The instructor told them that the range for the item was 2.Why did the instructor say this? Do you agree that this is the range for the item? If not, how would you talk about the range differently?
The students in three sections of Mechanical Engineering took the same final exam. Figure 5.23 shows the scores for the students in each section. Each circle represents an exam score.a. What is the range of scores for each of the three classes? Do you think that the range gives a useful sense of
2.1. How would you find the index( es) of specified values within a vector? For example, where is the hill race (in hills) with a climb of 2100 feet?
2.2. The column ftv in data frame birthwts counts the number of visits.Reduce this to a factor with levels 0, 1 and '2 or more'. [Hint: manipulate the levels, or investigate functions cut and merge . levels .J
2.3. Write a simple function to compute the median absolute deviation (used in robust statistics; see Chapter 8) median [x - JLl with default JL the sample median.S-PLUS users should compare their answer with the function mad.
2.4. Use tapply or sapply to give the 95% confidence intervals for the mean income of professionals by Australian state based on the data in Section 2.9.
2.5. For a matrix X, we want to find for each row which row of a matrix M is nearest in Euclidean distance. Use apply to find out. (You may assume that there is a unique nearest row.)
2.6. Suppose x is an object with named components and out is a character string vector. How would you make a new object obtained from x by excluding any components whose names are in out?
3.1. The data frame survey contains the results of a survey of 237 firstyear Statistics students at Adelaide University. For a graphical summary of all the variables, use plot (survey) . Note that this produces a dotchart for factor variables, and a normal scores plot for the numeric variables.One
3.2. Make a plot of petal width vs petal length of the iris data for a partiallysighted audience, identifying the three species. You will need to double the annotation size, thicken the lines, and change the layout to allow larger margins for the larger annotation.
3.3. Plot sin(x) against x, using 200 values of x between -1f and 1f, but do not plot any axes yet (use parameter axes=F in the call to plot.) Add a y axis passing through the origin using the 'extended' style and horizontal labels. Add an x axis with tick-marks from -1f to 1f in increments of 1f
3.4. Cleveland (1993) recommends that the aspect ratio of line plots is chosen so that lines are 'banked' at 45°. By this he means that the peak slopes should be around ±45° over much of the plot. Write a function to achieve this for a time-series plot, and try it out on the sunspots dataset.
4.1. Write a function to determine which integers (less than 1010 ) in a given vector are prime.
4.2. Given two vectors a andb, compute s, where s [i] is the number of a [j] = b [j] .(Based on a question of Frank Harrell.)
4.3. Implement print, summary and plot method functions for the class"Ida" of Chapter 12. (Perhaps the plot method should give a barchart of the singular values or plot the data on the first few linear discriminants, identifying the groups and marking their means.)
4.4. The Wichmann-Hill (1982) pseudo-random number generator can be defined in FORTRAN as real function wh(x,y,z)integer x,y,z x = mod(171*x, 30269)y = mod(172*y, 30307)z = mod(170*z, 30323)wh = mod(x/30269.0 + y/30307.0 + z/30323.0, 1.0)end(a) Implement in S a version of runif using the
4.5. Write an S function to increment its argument object. [Not as easy as it looks: based on an example of David Lubinsky, Statistical Science 6, p. 356.]
4.6. Write an S function to produce a matrix whose rows contain the subsets of size r of the first n elements of the vector v. Ignore the possibility of repeated values in v and give this argument the default value 1: n .
4.7. For designed experiments it is often useful to predict the response at each combination of levels of the treatment factors. Write a function expand. factors which takes any number of factor arguments and returns a data frame with the factors as columns and each combination of levels occurring
5.1. Experiment with our dataset galaxies. How many modes do you think there are in the underlying density?
5.2. We can apply two-dimensional kernel analysis directly, as well as using ASH. This is most straightforward for the normal kernel aligned with axes, that is with variance diag(h2x, h2y) . Then the kernel estimate iswhich can be evaluated on a grid as XyT where Xis = ¢ ((gxi - X s) / hx)and
Define Covariance estimation
Explain Interpolation and kriging
Define an appropriate sample space for each of the experiments described below:a. At the close of business each day, the Acme Department Store's accountant counts the number of customer transactions that were made in cash. On a particular day, there were 100 customer transactions at the department
For each of the sample spaces you have defined above, indicate whether the sample space is finite, countably infinite, or uncountably infinite. Justify your answers.
The sales team of a large car dealership in Seattle consists of the following individuals:A customer visiting the dealership randomly chooses one of the salespersons to discuss the purchase of a new vehicle. Define the set and assign the probability associated with each of the following events:a. A
Assign probabilities to the events a to \(f\) in the preceding question, but include the condition "given that the individual chosen is \(\geq 30\) years old."
The manager of the cost accounting department of a large computer manufacturing firm always tells three jokes during her monthly report to the board of directors in an attempt to inject a bit of levity into an otherwise sobering presentation. She has an inventory of a dozen different jokes from
Schneider's Plumbing and Heating, located in Fargo, North Dakota, has 300 accounts receivable distributed as follows:An auditor is coming to inspect Schneider's financial records. Included in the auditor's analysis is a randomly chosen sample of four accounts from the company's collection of
A computer manufacturing firm produces three product lines: (1) desktop computer systems, (2) notebook computers, and (3) subnotebook computers. The sales department has convened its monthly meeting in which the four staff members of the department provide the department manager with their

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Mathematical Statistics For Economics And Business 2nd Edition Ron C.Mittelhammer - Solutions

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