Berry and Worthington (2001) carried out research to identify predictors of stress for undergraduates involved in a relationship. They investigated several predictor variables and utilized advanced statistical techniques to analyze the data. In a simplified statement of their results, we can say that one variable that was found to be a significant predictor of relationship stress (measured by salivary cortisol) was trait anger. The data shown below are similar to the data obtained by these authors.

a. Calculate the standard error of estimate for these data assuming that the correlation between anger and stress is r = .47 and SS_y = 0.07.

b. Provide a rough interpretation of the standard error of estimate in the context of this research investigation.

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Trait Anger (X) Relationship Stress (Y) Predicted Relationship Stress (Y') 0.1 16 0.15 20 0.3 0.17 0.18 0.19 24 25 28 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.20 0.21 0.23 0.25 35 39 43 0.3 0.2 0.26 0.27 44 0.3