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systems analysis and design

Analysis And Design Of Energy Systems 3rd Edition B. Hodge, Robert Taylor - Solutions

=+10-24.Rework Problem 10-23 for a bladder-type expansion tank.
=+10-23.Determine the volume of a free surface expansion tank for a system similar to that shown in Fig. 10-53. The system volume is 600 gal (2.27 m3). Assume a system gage pressure of 18 po(124 kPa) and an operating temperature of 45 F (7 C). A maximum temperature and pressur of 110 F (43 C) and
=+distance from the condenser to the cooling tower is 80 ft (24 m). The vertical distance from the pump to the top of the tower is 30 ft (9.1 m). The tower sump is 12 ft (3.7 m) above the pure
=+Figure 10-53 Sketch for Problem 10-21, Lengths are in feet with meters in parentheses.Table 10-8 Data for Problem 10-21 Head Loss Flow Rate Coil C. Value Unit gpm m3/s ft mgpm/psi m /(s-kPa)30 0.0019 15 512 0.000290 40 0.0025 12 418 0.000434 so 0.0032 10 424 0.000578
=+10-22.shown in Fig. 10-18. The volume flow rate of the water is 500 gpm (0.032 m'/s). The piping is commercial steel. Assume that fittings are as shown. The head loss in the condenser is 20 ft(6.1 m) of water. C, for the strainer is 250 gpm/psi [0.00603 m3/(s-kPa)]. The horizontal 15 (2)10 (3)10
=+Size the piping and specify pump requirements for a cooling tower installation similar to that
=+10-21.that all the turns and fittings are as shown on the diagram. The pipe is commercial steel. Table 10-8 gives the required data,
=+Size the piping for the layout shown in Fig. 10-53 and specify the pump requirements. Assume
=+10-20.Size the piping for the open cooling tower circuit shown in Fig. 10-52. The water flow rate is 475 gpm (0.03 m3/s) and the total equivalent length of the pipe and fittings is 656 ft (200 m).The pressure loss for the condenser coil is 5 psi (35 kPa) and the strainer has a C, of 300
=+10-19.A control valve has a C, of 60. It has been selected to control the flow in a coil that requires 130 gpm. What head loss can be expected for the valve?
=+10-18. Determine the lost head for each of the following fittings: (a) 2 in. standard elbow with flow rate of 40 gpm (2.5 L/s), (b) 4 in, globe valve with flow rate of 200 gpm (12.6 L/s), (e) branch of 3 in. standard tee with 150 gpm (9.5 L/s).
=+10-17.Size commercial steel pipe, schedule 40, for the following flow rates, Comment on your selec-tions. (a) 25 gpm (1.6 L/s), (b) 40 gpm (2.5 L/s), (c) 15 gpm (0.95 L/s), (d) 60 gpm (3,8 L/s),(e) 200 gpm (12.6 L/s). (f) 2000 gpm (126 L/s).
=+10-16.Refer to Problem 10-14b. To what diameter must the 7 in. impeller be trimmed to obtain a flow rate of 235 gpm (14.2 L/s)? Find the head, efficiency, and shaft power.
=+10-15.Refer to Problem 10-14b. Suppose that the pump speed is reduced to obtain 210 gpm(13.25 L/s): find the rpm, head, efficiency, and shaft power.
=+10-14.A system requires a flow rate of 225 gpm (14.2 L/s) and a head of 149 ft (45 m). (a) Select a pump from Fig. 10-11 that most closely matches the required flow rate and head, and list its shaft power and efficiency, (b) Suppose a 7 in. 3500 rpm pump was selected for the system and adjusted
=+10-13. A system requires a flow rate of 225 gpm (14.2 L/s) at a head of 140 ft (43 m) of water. Select a pump, using Fig. 10-11. (a) Sketch the pump and system characteristics, and show the oper-ating flow rate, efficiency, and power, assuming no adjustments. (b) Assume that the system has been
=+10-12.Lake water is to be transferred to a water-treatment plant by a 7 in. 3500 rpm pump, shown in Fig. 10-11. The flow rate is to be 300 gpm. What is the maximum height that the pump can be located above the lake surface without risk of cavitation? Assume that the water has a mar-mum
=+10-11.Two hundred fifty gpm of water is delivered at 35 ft of head by two 62 in .. 1750 rpm purres connected in parallel, Fig. 10-11a. (a) Sketch the system and pump characteristics. (b) What the shaft power requirement of each pump? (e) If one pump fails, what are the flow rate and shaft power
=+10-10.Saturated water vapor at 14.696 psia (101.35 kPa) flows in a standard 6 in, pipe (154 mm ID)A pitot tube located at the center of the pipe shows a velocity head of 0.05 in. Hg (12 mm of Hg). Find (a) the velocity of the water vapor at this location, and (b) the mass flow rate, assum ing
=+10-9.A square-edged orifice is installed in standard 6 in, water pipe. The orifice diameter is 3.3 in(84.8 mm) and a head differential across the orifice of 3.9 in. (98 mm) of mercury is observed Compute the volume flow rate of the water assuming a temperature of 50 F (10 C). What is the Reynolds
=+10-8.Solve Problem 10-7 assuming that the characteristic of each circuit can be represented by H = aQª where a is a constant for each circuit.
=+(d) What is the flow rate in each circuit of part (c)?
=+(1.9 L/s); and circuit C requires 30 ft (9 m) of head with a flow rate of 45 gpm (2.8 L))(a) Construct the characteristic for each circuit, and find the characteristic for the combinatie of A, B, and C. (b) What is the flow rate in each circuit when the total flow rate is 100 gon(6.3 L/s)? (c)
=+10-7.rate of 50 gpm (3.2 L/s): circuit B requires 25 ft (7.5 m) of head with a flow rate of 30 gpm 60 gpm b2 H14 = 15 ft A2 = A1 1Hb2 = 10 ft 40 gpm Ha = 50 ft Figure 10-51 Schematic for Problem 10-4.
=+10-6.ing through 300 ft (100 m) of 4 in. (102.3 mm ID) schedule 40 commercial steel pipe. The tem-perature of the solution is 60 F (16 C).A piping system has three parallel circuits. Circuit A requires 20 ft (6 m) of head with a flow
=+10-5.where a is a constant, His head, Q is flow rate, and z is elevation change. Derive an expression to represent the characteristic for pipe sections connected in (a) series and (b) parallel.Compute the lost head for 250 gpm (0.016 m3/s) of 30 percent ethylene glycol solution flow-
=+10-4.bine them to obtain the characteristic for the complete system. The system is horizontal.The characteristic for a section of pipe may be represented by a function of the form H = aQ2 + z
=+Sketch the characteristics for each separate part of the system shown in Fig. 10-51 and com-
=+10-3.same on the twenty-fifth floor as supplied by the city water main. Assuming a lost head of 25 ft(8 m) in the distribution riser to the twenty-fifth floor, how much head must a booster pump produce?
=+10-2.head in a vertical riser from the pump to an equipment room on the twenty-fifth floor is 30 ft(9 m) of water, and the pump produces 250 ft (76 m) of head. What is the pressure on the suc-tion side of the pump for a pressure of 8 psig (55 kPa gage) to exist in the riser on the twenty-fifth
=+The chilled water system for a 25-story building has a pump located at ground level. The lost
=+(a) Compute the pressure at points 2, 3, and 4 if the pressure at point 1 is 20 psig (138 kPa gage). (b) Sketch the system characteristic for the complete run of pipe. Assume a flow rate of 150 gpm (9.5 L/s).
=+The piping of Fig. 10-50 is all the same size and part of a larger water distribution system.10-1.
14. Which of the data structures discussed in this appendix would be best for creating a dictionary that would be used by a spelling checker in a word processor?
13. Design an algorithm, with suitable data structures, that implements Dijkstra’s algorithm.
12. Suggest a way an adjacency matrix could be stored so that it would occupy less main memory space.
11. Using Dijkstra’s algorithm, find a shorter route from New York to Chicago using the mileages given in the adjacency matrix below. The value “infinity” (∞) indicates no direct connection between two given cities. Albany Buffalo Chicago Cleveland Erie New York Pittsburgh St. Louis Albany
10. Regarding the trie root node shown in Figure A.6, what complications arise if we discover a famous mathematician whose name is Ethel? How can we prevent this problem?
9. Most books concerning algorithms and data structures present traversal algorithms as recursive procedures. (Recursive procedures are subroutines or functions that call themselves.) However, the computer achieves this recursion using iteration! The algorithm below uses a stack to perform an
8. A graph traversal is the act of interrogating (or visiting) every node in the graph. Traversals are useful when nodes are added to a tree in a certain order (perhaps random) and retrieved in some other given order. Three frequently used traversals, preorder, inorder, and postorder, are shown in
7. Devise a formula for the maximum number of nodes that can be placed in a binary tree with n levels.
6. The memory map shown below describes a binary tree. The leaves contain the keys H (48), I (49), J (4A), K (4B), L (4C), M (4D), N (4E), and O (4F). Draw the tree. 0123456789 ABCDE E F 00 2E 46 39 00 4B 00 48 35 44 04 14 11 41 08. 35 FF 19 42 22 3F FF 01 43 3C 00 48 00 48 20 41 00 4A 15 00 49 00
5. The memory map shown below describes a binary tree. Draw the tree. 0 1 2 3 4 56789A 0 -- -- -- 1 30 00 45 00 2 -- -- -- -- OE 47 00 3 00 44 00 24 46 12 B C D -- E F 00 42 -- 00 43 00 -- -- 08 41 2A
4. The memory map shown below describes a binary tree. Draw the tree. 0123456789ABCDE E F -- 05 46 37 -- 0 00 45 00 -- 1 00 41 00 2 43 00 3 2C 44 19 8118 00 47 00 10 42 1F 00
3. Suppose you didn’t want to maintain a set of sorted data elements as a tree, but chose a linked list implementation instead, despite its obvious inefficiencies. The list is ordered by key values in ascending order; that is, the lowest key value is at the head of the list. To locate a data
2. As stated in the text, a priority queue is a queue in which certain items are allowed to jump to the head of the line if they meet certain conditions. Devise a data structure and a suitable algorithm to implement a priority queue.
1. Give at least one example of applications where each of the following data structures would be most suitable:a) Arraysb) Queuesc) Linked listsd) Stackse) Trees
12. Storage systems increasingly rely on the Internet infrastructure as a transport medium. What are the advantages of this approach? What problems are present in terms of security and reliability?
11. One of the engineers who works for you is proposing changes to the bus architecture of the systems that your company manufactures. She claims that if the bus is modified to support network protocols directly, the systems will have no need for network cards. She claims that you could also
6. How does SCSI-2 differ from the principles behind the SCSI Architecture Model-3?
5. You have just upgraded your system to a Fast and Wide SCSI interface. This system has a floppy disk, a CD-ROM, and five 8GB fixed disks. What is the device number of the host adapter? Why?
4. Your manager has decided that the throughput of your file server can be improved by replacing your old SCSI-2 host adapter with a Fast and Wide SCSI-3 adapter. She also decides that the old SCSI-2 drives will be replaced with Fast and Wide SCSI-3 drives that are much larger than the old ones.
3. Suppose during an asynchronous parallel SCSI data transfer someone removes a floppy disk from the drive that is the intended target of the transfer. How would the initiator know that the error has occurred during these phases:• Bus-free• Status• Selection• Message• Command•
10. What two features of USB make it so desirable for portable devices?
9. What is ATA? In what ways is SATA an improvement?
8. What are the advantages and disadvantages of iSCSI?
6. Define SAN. How is it different from NAS?
5. Define NAS.
4. What drawbacks of SCSI-2 does IEEE 1394 improve upon?
3. What is another name for IEEE 1394?
2. How is SAM-3 different from classic parallel SCSI?
22. With reference to Figure 12.21, suppose Router 4 derives its routing table from the routing tables of Router 1 and Router 3. Complete the routing table for Router 4 using the same format as the routing table of the other three routers.
21. It looks like the 4B/5B bit cells in Figure 12.14 are fairly small. How long, in reality, is such a bit cell on a 125MHz line? (Use the constants and formulas from the previous question.)
20. How big is a physical PDU? The answer to this question determines the number of simultaneous transmissions for many network architectures.If a signal propagates through copper wire at a rate of 2 × 108m/s, then on a carrier running at 10Mbps the length of each bit pulse is given by:If a data
19.a) The signal power for a particular class of network wiring is 2,898dB, and the noise rating at that particular signal strength at 100MHz is 40dB. Find the signal-to-noise ratio for this conductor.b) Suppose the noise rating for the network wiring in part a is 0.32dB and the noise rating is
17. Section 12.6.1 states that when using 4B/5B encoding, a signal-carrying capacity of 125MHz is required for a transmission medium to have a bit rate of 100Mbps.a) What signal-carrying capacity would be required if Manchester coding were used instead?b) What signal-carrying capacity would be
15. What problems would present themselves if TCP did not allow senders and receivers to negotiate a timeout window?
13. Two stations running TCP/IP are engaged in transferring a file. This file is 100KB long, the payload size is 100 bytes, and the negotiated window size is 300 bytes. The sender receives an ACK 1,500 from the receiver.a) Which bytes will be sent next?b) What is the last byte number that can be
12. A station running TCP/IP needs to transfer a file to a host. The file contains 2,048 bytes. How many bytes, including all of the TCP/IP overhead, would be sent, assuming a payload size of 512 bytes and that both systems are running IPv4? (Also assume that the three-way handshake and window size
11. A station running TCP/IP needs to transfer a file to a host. The file contains 1,024 bytes. How many bytes, including all of the TCP/IP overhead, would be sent, assuming a payload size of 128 bytes and that both systems are running IPv4? (Also assume that the three-way handshake and window size
10. Into which class of networks do the following IP addresses fall?a) 223.52.176.62b) 127.255.255.2c) 191.57.229.163
7. Why is the length of a TCP segment limited to 65,515 bytes? (Hint: Look at the definition of the Data Offset field of the TCP segment format.)
5. In our description of the Window field in the TCP header, we said:Notice that if the receiver’s application is running very slowly, say it’s pulling data 1 or 2 bytes at a time from its buffer, the TCP process running at the receiver should wait until the application buffer is empty enough
24. In what ways is the Internet threatened?
23. What are SCADA systems?
22. In what ways does a firewall provide security?
21. What are the three main problems that arise from distance vector routing?
20. Give two important ways in which link state routing differs from distance vector routing.
19. When is it not a very good idea to use static routing?
18. What is the difference between a bridge and a gateway? Which one is faster and why?
17. Briefly describe how repeaters, hubs, switches, and routers differ from one another.
16. Where does one find a MAC address? How many bytes are in a MAC address?
15. What are the three types of fiber-optic cable? Which of these can transmit signals the fastest?
14. What is the difference between the baud rate and the bit rate of a line?
13. What are the principal causes of attenuation? What can help reduce it?
12. What determines the quality of a transmission medium? What metric is used?
11. What is the difference between guided and unguided data transmission media? List some examples of each.
10. How does IPv6 improve upon IPv4?
9. Explain the general purpose of the TCP protocol.
8. Why have certain types of IP addresses become scarce?
7. According to the IPv4 format described in Section 12.5.1, what bit positions does the IP Protocol Number occupy? What is the purpose of this field?
4. What is the formal name given to Internet standards?
3. Who establishes standards for the Internet?
26. Herbert Grosch (b. 1918) has been an eminent computer scientist since the 1940s. In 1965, he put forth a claim that he “humbly” called Grosch’s Law. This law can be paraphrased as:Computer performance increases as the square of the cost. If Computer A costs twice as much as Computer B,
25. A certain microprocessor requires either 2, 4, 8, 12, or 16 machine cycles to perform various operations. A total of 17.5% of its instructions require 2 machine cycles, 12.5% require 4 machine cycles, 35% require 8 machine cycles, 20% require 12 machine cycles, and 15% require 16 machine
24. A certain microprocessor requires either 2, 3, 4, 8, or 12 machine cycles to perform various operations. A total of 25% of its instructions require 2 machine cycles, 20% require 3 machine cycles, 17.5% require 4 machine cycles, 12.5% require 8 machine cycles, and 25% require 12 machine
22. Repeat exercise 21 for the following disk tracks (assuming the read/write head is at track 50, moving outward):48, 14, 85, 35, 84, 61, 30, 22
21. On a particular brand of disk drive, the time that it takes for the disk arm to pass over a single disk track without stopping is 500ns. However, once the head reaches the track for which it has a service request, it needs 2ms to “settle” over the required track before it can start reading
19. Calculate the number of disk tracks traversed using the FCFS, SSTF, SCAN, and LOOK algorithms for the series of disk track service requests given below. At the time the first request arrives in the disk request queue, the read/write head is at track 50, moving toward the outer
18. In our discussion of the physical aspects of disk performance, we stated that replacing 7,200rpm disks with 10,000rpm disks can bring a 10% to 50% performance improvement. Why would an improvement of only 10% occur? Could it be that no improvement at all would occur? Explain.(Hint: Rotational

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