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Construction Methods And Management 8th Edition Stephens W.Nunnally - Solutions
When sloping the sides of an excavation in type A soil, what maximum slope may be used if the excavation will be 15 ft (4.6 m) deep and will be open less than 24 h?
Explain the significance of a soil’s effective grain size(D10) to the process of dewatering the soil.
Briefly describe the four major types of pressure grouting.
How does a pile support its applied load?
Briefly explain the process of vibratory compaction as used in soil improvement.
Using Equation 3 and the driving data below, determine the safe load of this bulb pile.Hammer weight = 2.5 tons Height of hammer drop = 22 ft Volume in last batch driven = 4 cu ft Number of blows to drive last batch = 36 Volume of base and plug = 27 cu ft Soil K value = 28
Briefly describe the process of installing a shell pile.
List the three major types of foundation systems and briefly describe their advantages and disadvantages.
What three methods meet OSHA requirements for protecting workers in an excavation when worker protection against cave-in is required?
The vertical reaction at the end of a 2 × 6 in. (50 ×150 cm) floor joist is 524 pounds (2.33 kN). If the allowable shear stress in the joist is 180 psi (1241 kPa), what is the maximum depth that the joist can be safely endnotched?Assume that the notch is a square notch on the tension side of the
Briefly explain the meaning of the term “glulam” and identify the characteristics of this material.
What is FRTW wood? What advantages does it have over conventional lumber?
Sketch and briefly explain the construction of a thickened-edge slab.
Explain the limitations which should be observed when notching joists for the passage of pipe or electrical conduit.
What purpose does a collar beam serve in a roof framed with rafters and ceiling joists?
Explain the major safety hazards involved in erecting the roof trusses for a two-story frame building.
What precautions should be observed in storing roof trusses at the construction site?
Briefly describe the following wood products and their uses.a. Laminated veneer lumberb. Wood I-beamc. Particleboard
Develop a computer program to calculate the safe vertical end reaction of an end-notched beam (Equations 1 and 2).The program input should include the allowable shear stress, depth of notch, and distance over which the notch is beveled.Using your program, solve Problem 1.
When placing parallel No. 8 (metric no. 25) reinforcing bars in a column form, what minimum clear distance between bars should be obtained if the maximum concrete aggregate size is 2 in. (51 mm)?
What purpose do form ties serve in a concrete wall form?
Give at least three major safety precautions which should be observed in constructing and utilizing concrete formwork.
What component usually accounts for the largest portion of concrete construction cost for a reinforced concrete building?
What tests may be performed on plastic concrete delivered to the job site to ensure that it meets specification requirements? How might a rapid strength test be performed on plastic concrete?
Explain the importance of the water/cement ratio of a concrete mix in determining the properties of the resulting concrete.
Why should interior columns be isolated from floor slabs? How is this usually accomplished?
What are the principal requirements that concrete formwork must satisfy?
A steel reinforcing bar contains the markings “B 8 N 60.”What is the size and strength of the bar?
Develop a computer program to determine the minimum concrete cover over reinforcing bars, the minimum clear distance between parallel reinforcing bars, and the placement tolerances for a specified reinforced concrete design.
Determine the maximum allowable spacing of joists used with nominal 1-in. (25-mm) lumber decking if the design load is 200 lb/sq ft (9.6 kPa). Assume the decking is continuous over three or more spans and is Hem-Fir.Limit deflection to I/360.
What loads must formwork for elevated slabs be designed to resist?
Determine the maximum allowable span of nominal 2 × 4 in. (50 × 100 mm) wall form studs carrying a design load of 1000 lb/sq ft (47.9 kPa). Tie stud spacing is 16 in. (406 mm) on center. Use the allowable stresses for Douglas Fir from Table 8 and 7-day load duration.Assume that studs are
Derive the equations for bending given in Table 5 using the relationships of Table 4 and Equation 5.
Design the formwork for a concrete slab 8-in. (203-mm)thick whose net width between beam faces is 15 ft(4.58 m). Concrete will be placed using a crane and bucket. The formwork is estimated to weigh 5 lb/sq ft(24.4 kg/m2). Decking will be 3⁄4 in. (19 mm) Class I Plyform with face grain across
Calculate the appropriate design load due to concrete pressure for a wall form 9-ft (2.75-m) high to be poured at a rate of 6.5 ft (2.0 m) per hour at a temperature of 68°F (20°C). Type I cement without a retarder will be used. The concrete weighs 150 lb/cu ft (2403 kg/m3).
Design the formwork for a wall 8-ft (2.44-m) high to be poured at the rate of 5 ft/h (1.53 m/h) at a temperature of 77°F (25°C). The concrete mixture will use Type I cement without retarders and is estimated to weigh 150 lb/cu ft (2403 kg/m3). All lumber is Southern Pine.Sheathing will be
Calculate the maximum allowable span for 3/4-in.(19-mm) Class I Plyform decking with face grain across supports carrying a design load of 150 lb/sq ft (7.2 kPa).Assume that the decking is continuous over three or more spans and limit deflection to 1/240 of span length.
Calculate the design load for the form of a floor slab 8-in. (203-mm) thick if the hand buggies are to be used and the formwork weighs 10 lb/sq ft (48.8 kg/m2).
Develop a computer program to calculate the maximum span of a plywood deck used as an elevated slab form based on the equations of Table 5 and the Plyform properties given in Table
Input should include design load, support conditions, allowable deflection, Plyform type, and thickness, and the data whether face grain is across supports or parallel to supports.
What is the minimum mortar cover required for a No. 3 rebar located near the exterior face of a reinforced concrete masonry wall exposed to weather?
What is the nominal size and typical weight of a standard concrete block?
Find the maximum safe unsupported height of a 6-in.(150-mm) lightweight concrete block wall if the design wind load is 15 lb/sq ft (0.72 kPa).
How many 33⁄4 × 21⁄4 × 8 in. (95 × 57 × 203mm) bricks are required for a double wythe wall 8 ft (2.44 m) high ×30 ft (9.14 m) wide having one opening 48 × 72 in.(1220 × 1830 mm) and three openings 26 × 48 in. (660 ×1219 mm). Mortar joints are 1⁄2 in. (13mm). Allow 3%for brick waste.
Estimate the amount of mortar required for the brick wall of Problem 4 if the joint between wythes is 5⁄8 in.(16 mm). Assume 25% mortar waste.
Describe the use and method of construction of reinforced concrete masonry.
What are the limitations on the use of Type N mortar?
How long after initial mixing may mortar be used before discarding?
If the cost of brick construction in place is $880 per 1000 bricks, estimate the cost of the brick exterior wall for the following building. The building is rectangular with a perimeter of 100 ft (30.5 m). The wall is 8 ft (2.44 m)high with one opening 36 × 80 in. (914 × 2032 mm) and 10 openings
Develop a computer program to calculate the maximum safe height of an unbraced masonry wall under construction using Equation
Solve Problem 3 using your program.
Explain the meaning of the term blocking as used in steel construction.
Identify at least six safety precautions which should be observed in structural steel construction.
Identify the following steel sections:a. W36 × 260b. S24 × 90c. HP14 × 89d. L8 × 4 × 1⁄2
When erecting a steel building structure, what is the maximum height that the erection deck can be above the highest completed permanent floor?
Describe how high-strength steel bolts may be identified.
Describe the principal characteristics of Series LH open-web steel joists.
Describe the procedure for tightening tension control or tension set bolts.
What is the yield strength of type A36 steel?
Identify the maximum fabrication tolerance of a steel column in terms of depth,width, length, and squareness.
Develop a computer program to provide an inventory of structural steel required for a building project. Provide for all shapes listed in Table
Input should include shape and size, length, quantity, and unit weight. Output should include a summary by steel shape as well as the total weight of steel for the project. Using your program, provide an inventory example.
Redraw the accompanying network diagram, adding early and late event times to the diagram. Mark the critical path. Prepare an activity-time tabulation showing early start, late start, early finish, late finish, and total float. 3 2 5 3 5 6 6
Prepare an Early Start schedule for the network shown.Indicate the allowable time span for each activity. Activity durations are in days. 1 9 2 7 6 7 5 5 8 13 15 13 3 9 3 4 7 8
What advantages do CPM diagrams have over conventional bar graph schedules?
For the LSM diagram of Figure 22, how long does it take to complete the Base activity at a specified location?
Compare the actual progress with the scheduled progress at the end of the third week in Figure 1.Express your answer as the percentage by which the project is ahead or behind schedule at the end of the third week.
For the network of Problem 1, assign resources based on an early start schedule. Indicate the total resource requirements for each time period. Level the resource requirements as much as possible utilizing float. The resource requirements for each activity are as follows. Activity Workers Required
Redraw the precedence diagram of Figure 15 adding the relationships given below. Enter the early start, late start, early finish, late finish, and total float times on the diagram.Mark the critical path. Activity Relationships Start to Start Finish to Finish to Start Finish Lag Time 8-7 3 7-10 2
Redraw the accompanying network diagram adding early and late event times to the diagram. Mark the critical path. Prepare an activity-time tabulation showing early start, late start, early finish, late finish, and total float. 7 2 3 2 15 5 9 3 9 6 10 10 8 8
Draw an activity-on-arrow network diagram representing the following logical relationships. Activity Depends on Completion of Activity A B C D A E B F C G H B D and G B I J K I and F
Utilizing a personal computer program, solve Problem 1.
Find the hourly operating cost for the first year of life of the tractor of Problem
Use the following additional data.Rated power = 300 hp (224 kW)Fuel price = $1.50/gal ($0.396/)Load conditions = average Operating conditions = average Hours operated = 2000 h/year Operator cost = $20.00/h
Determine the probable average cost per hour over the life of the equipment for owning and operating a bottomdump wagon under the conditions listed below. Use the straight-line method of depreciation.Operator cost = $20.00/h Operating conditions = average Delivered price = $142,000 Cost of a set of
A crawler tractor costs $250,000 and has an estimated salvage value of $50,000 and a 5-year life. Find the annual depreciation and book value at the end of each year using the double-declining-balance method of depreciation.
Analyze the cost of renting, leasing, and purchasing a backhoe loader using the data given below. Evaluate after-tax cash flow and its present value.Basic assumptions:Marginal tax rate = 46%After-tax rate of return = 7%Planned equipment use = 2000 h/year for 5 years Present value factors (i =
For the project whose data are shown below, plot the cumulative project expenditures, value of work, and progress payments received versus time.What is the contractor’s maximum negative cash flow and when does it occur?Progress payments are calculated at the end of each month and received the
What are the advantages and disadvantages of equipment rental compared with equipment purchase?
For the tractor of Problem 3, find the annual depreciation and book value at the end of each year using the sum-of-the-years’-digits method of depreciation.
Find the present value (present worth) of $40,000 when a piece of equipment is sold 5 years from now if the rate of return on investment is 7% per year.
Briefly explain the principal elements of financial planning for a construction project.
Develop a computer program to determine the probable average hourly owning and operating cost of a piece of construction equipment over the life of the equipment.Use the straight-line method of depreciation.Solve Problem 4 using your program.
Explain the purpose and operation of a value engineering clause in a construction contract.
Briefly explain the legal basis for issuing change orders to a construction contract.Who issues the change order and how are the project cost and duration affected?
List and briefly describe the documents making up a construction contract.
Briefly describe the two principal types of construction specifications.
What alternate dispute resolution (ADR) methods are available for resolving construction contract disputes?What advantages do these methods have over court proceedings?
What are shop drawings and who prepares them?
What type of construction contract provides the greatest incentive for a construction contractor to minimize project cost?
What are the legally essential elements of a construction contract?
How does a construction company’s bonding capacity(bonding limit established by a bonding company) affect the ability of the construction firm to bid on projects?
Develop a computer program that can be used to maintain the current status of all active contracts of a construction firm. Input should include contract number and description, contract amount, date of contract award, date work started, required completion date, current work status (percent
What construction activities are responsible for the majority of serious construction accidents?
What job-site conditions serve to increase the chance of an excavation slope failure?
What are PM indicators?
When should equipment fuel tanks be filled? Why?
Explain the action that should be taken if an excavator ruptures a gas line.
Identify the major safety hazards involved in crane operations and describe how these hazards might be minimized.
Where may the OSHA regulations pertaining to construction be found?
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