Construction Methods And Management 8th Edition Stephens W.Nunnally - Solutions

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Discuss the following major organizing concepts and how they influence organizing decisions Unity of direction Responsibility Chain of command Accountability Line and staff departments Span of control Unity of command Centralization and Delegation decentralization
Explain the concept of power and its sources
Define authority, and explain how line, staff, and functional authority differ
Describe and give an example of the four approaches to departmentalization
List and discuss the five steps in the organizing process
Determine the importance of the organizing process
Explain the relationship between planning and organizing
Management at Nokia is team oriented. Here is how it is explained in their (FAQs) Frequently Asked Questions. “Nokia’s success so far has been very much a team effort. Our management environment nurtures discussion and openness as well as encouraging entrepreneurism and risk-taking. At Nokia
Sharon Allen (Chairman of the Board, Deloitte & Touche USA LLP) addressing the Wharton Women in Business Conference, No vem ber 3–4, 2005, said,“Forget the negative things you might read and hear and forget the statistics that detail a tough business world where success is hard to come by.
Read “21st Century Organizational Trends” by Stephen P. Borgatti. Briefl y discuss the key trends affecting organizational structures today.
Describe the size of the U.S. construction industry and the distribution of contract value within the industry.
List and briefly explain three major characteristics of the U.S. construction industry.
Briefly explain the purpose of a building code.
Describe the principal methods by which construction of a facility may be accomplished.
Briefly explain the effect of construction productivity on the U.S. economy.
Are heavy (horizontal) construction projects more likely to be private or public projects? Explain.
What is construction quality control and whose responsibility is it?
Identify those construction operations which account for a majority of serious construction injuries.
What is an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) and how is it prepared?
Describe three specific construction applications of a personal computer which you believe would be valuable to a construction professional.
Eliminating the four points on the right-hand side of Example 8 (depths of 3.4, 3.0, 2.8, and 2.0 ft), calculate the volume of excavation in bank measure.
Find the size of a conical spoil bank created by the excavation of 500 BCY (382 BCM) of clay. The soil’s swell is 30% and its angle of repose is 35°.
Use the profile and mass diagram of Figure 6 to find the following values:a. The total volume of (1) cut, (2) fill, (3) waste, and(4) borrow.b. The average length of haul for Section 2.
A soil weighs 2400 lb/cu yd (1089 kg/m3) loose, 3050 lb/cu yd (1383 kg/m3) in-place, and 3600 lb/cu yd (1633 kg/m3)compacted. Find the swell and shrinkage of this soil.
Observations indicate that an excavator carries an average bucket load of 3.0 LCY (2.3 LCM) per cycle. The soil’s load factor is 0.80. Cycle time averages 0.35 min.Job conditions are rated fair, and management conditions are rated as good. Estimate the hourly excavator production in bank measure.
A ditch having a cross-sectional area of 50 sq ft (4.6 m2)is being excavated in common earth. The soil’s angle of repose is 35° and its swell is 25%. Find the height and base width of the triangular spoil bank that will result from the excavation.
The hourly cost of a hydraulic shovel is $65 and of a truck is $35. If an equipment fleet consisting of one shovel and a fleet of six trucks achieve a production of 300 BCY (180 BCM), what is the unit cost of loading and hauling?
Using the AASHTO System, classify the soil whose test results are shown below:
Develop a computer program to determine the height and base width (ft or m) of the triangular spoil bank that will result from a rectangular trench excavation. Input should include the ditch width and average depth (or crosssectional area) and length, or the bank volume of the excavation, as well
A small hydraulic excavator will be used to dig a trench in hard clay (bucket fill factor = 0.80). The minimum trench size is 26 in. (0.66 m) wide by 5 ft (1.53 m) deep.The excavator bucket available is 30 in. (0.76 m) wide and has a heaped capacity of 3⁄4 cu yd (0.57 m3). The maximum digging
A 3-yd dragline is excavating and stockpiling sand and gravel. Average depth of cut is 5.4 ft (1.65 m), average swing angle is 75°, and job efficiency is 45 min/h. Estimate the dragline’s hourly production in bank measure.
Estimate the time required to load 500 cu yd (382 m3) of gravel from a stockpile into trucks using a clamshell having a heaped capacity of 0.75 cu yd (0.57 m3). Estimated cycle time is 20 s. Job efficiency is estimated to be 50 min/h.
Estimate the actual bucket load in bank measure for a shovel bucket whose capacity is 3 yd (2.29 m3). The shovel is excavating sand and gravel.
A 4 yd (3.06 m3) (heaped) hydraulic shovel with a bottom-dump bucket is excavating tough clay. The swing angle is 150° and job efficiency is 50 min/h. Estimate the shovel’s hourly production in bank measure.
The tower crane whose capacity chart is shown in Table 10 is equipped with a 265-ft (80.8-m) boom.The crane is preparing to lift a load weighing 10,000 pounds (4536 kg). The weight of slings and the spreader bar to be used is 1200 pounds (544 kg). What is the maximum safe lift radius for this load?
A hydraulic excavator is excavating the basement for a large building. Heaped bucket capacity is 1.5 cu yd(1.15 m3). The material is common earth with a bucket fill factor of 0.90. Job efficiency is equivalent to a 50-min hour. The machine’s maximum depth of cut is 24 ft(7.3 m3), and the average
What is the minimum clearance required by OSHA regulations between a crane and a 100-kV power line?
How can a contractor verify that the desired alignment and depth are being maintained while performing horizontal earth boring?
Develop a computer program to estimate the production of a hydraulic shovel based on Equation 2 and Table
Input should include rated shovel size, type of material, angle of swing, heaped bucket capacity, bucket fill factor, soil load factor, and job efficiency. Output should be in bank measure if the soil load factor is input; otherwise, it should be in loose measure.
Using the data of Problem 7, calculate the expected production and unit cost of loading and hauling if the truck fleet consists of five trucks.
A scraper whose weight on the driving wheels is 36,000 lb(16,330 kg) has a gross weight of 64,000 lb (29,030 kg).If the road surface is wet earth having a rolling resistance factor of 120 lb/ton (60 kg/t), what is the maximum grade the scraper could ascend?
The tractor-scraper whose travel-time curves are shown in Figures 4 and 5 hauls its rated payload 4000 ft(1220 m) up a 5% grade from the cut to the fill and returns empty over the same route. The rolling resistance factor for the haul road is 120 lb/ton (60 kg/t).Estimate the scraper travel time.
A power-shift crawler tractor is excavating tough clay and pushing it a distance of 95 ft (29 m). Maximum reverse speeds are as follows: first range, 3 mi/h (4.8 km/h);second range, 5 mi/h (8.1 km/h); and third range, 8 mi/h(12.9 km/h). Rated blade capacity is 10 LCY (7.65 LCM).Estimate dozer
The load growth data for a scraper are given below. The scraper’s total cycle time minus load time is 3.0 min.Find the scraper’s optimum load time. Average Load Load Time min BCY BCM 0.2 11.4 8.37 0.4 18.7 14.3 0.6 22.7 17.4 0.8 24.8 19.0 1.0 26.1 20.0 1.2 26.8 20.5 1.4 27.2 20.8
How many hours should it take an articulated wheel loader equipped with a 4-yd (3.06-m3) bucket to load 3000 cu yd (2294 m3) of gravel from a stockpile into rail cars if the average haul distance is 300 ft (91.5 m)one way? The area is level with a rolling resistance factor of 120 lb/ton (60 kg/t).
A hydraulic shovel will be used to excavate sandy clay and load it into 12-BCY (9.2-BCM) dump trucks. The shovel’s production at 100% efficiency is estimated to be 300 BCY/h (229 BCM/h), and job efficiency is 0.80.Truck travel time is estimated to be 8.0 min, and truck fixed cycle time (excluding
A wheel tractor-scraper whose weight on the driving wheels is 38,720 lb (17,563 kg) has a gross weight of 70,400 lb (31,933 kg). If the road surface is dry earth having a rolling resistance factor of 100 lb/ton (50 kg/t), what is the maximum grade the scraper could ascend?
What is a pull-scraper? What advantages does it have over conventional scrapers?
Develop a computer program to calculate the number of pushers required to service a specified scraper fleet.Input should include scraper cycle time, method of push loading, and whether single or tandem pushers will be used. Using your program, verify the solution given in Example 10.
Why might the laboratory and field optimum moisture contents vary for a particular soil?
List the types of compactors which are available for compaction in confined areas.
a. What is a compaction wheel?b. What is the typical lift thickness for an excavatormounted compaction wheel?c. State the minimum pipe cover which should be used when compacting with an excavator-mounted compaction wheel.
What type of compactor would you expect to be most suitable for compacting a clean sand?
Estimate the production in compacted cubic yards(meters) per hour of a self-propelled tamping foot roller under the following conditions: average speed = 5 mph(8.0 km/h), compacted lift thickness = 6 in. (15.2 cm), effective roller width = 10 ft (3.05 m), job efficiency =0.75, and number of passes
Twenty miles (32 km) of gravel road require reshaping and leveling.You estimate that a motor grader will require two passes at 3 mph (4.8 km/h), two passes at 4 mph(6.4 km/h), and two pass at 5.5 mph (8.9 km/h) to accomplish the work. How many grader hours will be required for this work if the job
A highway embankment is being constructed of lowplasticity clay (CL) whose natural moisture content is slightly below the standard AASHTO optimum. Specifications require the use of a tamping foot roller for compaction.However, the roller being used does not always“walk out” as compaction
The data in the accompanying table resulted from performing Standard Proctor Tests on a soil. Plot thedata and determine the soil’s laboratory optimum moisture content. Dry Density Ib/cu ft g/cm Moisture Content (%) 100 1.602 14 103 1.650 16 16 106 1.698 18 108 1.730 20 105 1.682 102 1.631 225 22
List the four principal methods for achieving ground modification or soil stabilization. Provide one example of each.
Develop a computer program to calculate the time required (hours) for a motor grader to perform a finishing operation. Input should include section length, number of passes at each expected speed, and job efficiency.Solve Problem 6 using your computer program.
A parallel series electric blasting circuit consists of five branches of six caps each.Holes are spaced 10 ft (3.1 m)apart in a rectangular pattern. Cap legwire length is 24 ft(7.3 m). Each side of the cap circuit is connected by a No. 16 gauge buswire 40 ft (12.2 m) long. The lead wires are No. 12
List five safety precautions that should be observed in storing and handling blasting agents.
You measure a seismic velocity of 9000 ft/s (2743 m/s)in limestone.Would you expect this rock to be rippable by a D9H tractor equipped with a ripper (Figure 17)?If so, would you recommend using a single or tandem ripper in this situation? Why?
Estimate the hourly production and unit cost of rock excavation by drilling and blasting. The rock is a limestone having a seismic velocity of 6000 ft/s (1830 m/s).Trial blasting indicates that 31⁄2-in. (8.9-cm) holes drilled in an 8-ft (2.44-m) rectangular pattern will provide the desired
A tractor-mounted ripper will be used for excavating a limestone having a seismic velocity of 6000 ft/s (1830 m/s). Field tests indicate that the ripper can obtain satisfactory rock fracturing to a depth of 2 ft (0.61 m) with one pass of a single ripper shank at 3-ft (0.91-m) intervals.Average
What effect does increased air pressure at the drill have on drill production? What limitations must be observed in using increased air pressure and what are the disadvantages of using increased air pressure?
A parallel series electric blasting circuit consists of six branches of eight caps each. Holes are spaced 10 ft(3.1 m) apart in a rectangular pattern. Cap legwire length is 28 ft (8.5 m). Each side of the cap circuit is connected by a No. 16 gauge buswire 50 ft (15.3 m)long. The lead wires are No.
Using the seismograph test data in the table, find the seismic wave velocity in each layer and the depth of the upper layer. Distance (ft) (m) Time (ms) 10 3.05 5.0 20 6.10 10.0 30 9.15 15.0 40 12.20 20.0 50 15.25 21.0 60 18.3 22.0 70 21.25 23.0 80 24.4 24.0
Trial blasting operations indicate that a rectangular pattern with holes 21-ft (6.4-m) deep spaced on 10-ft(3.05-m) centers will yield a satisfactory rock break with an effective depth of 19 ft (5.8 m). Determine the rock volume produced per foot (meter) of drilling.
Develop a computer program to estimate hourly production and unit cost of rock excavation by ripping.Input should include length of each pass, average ripper speed, effective depth of ripping, spacing of passes, turning time at the end of each pass, job efficiency, hourly operator cost, and hourly
a. Determine the water–cement ratio of the mix of Problem 6.b. What difficulties might result from lowering the water–cement ratio of the mix and how might these be overcome?
Using the data of Example 2, determine the minimum size screen required for the 2-in. (51-mm) screen. The stone weighs 100 lb/cu ft (1602 kg/m3).
Select the crusher settings for a primary jaw crusher and a secondary roll crusher to produce 150 tons per hour(136 t/h) of aggregate meeting the following specifications.Indicate the output in tons per hour (t/h) and in percentage for each of the specified size ranges. Screen Size in. (mm) 2-12
Calculate the feed rate in tons per hour (tph) for a drummix asphalt plant under the following conditions:Asphalt content = 5%Aggregate composition:Coarse A = 45%Coarse B = 30%Sand = 20%Mineral filler = 5%Field moisture content of gravel and sand = 6%Drum capacity at required moisture removal = 138
Calculate the hot feed required per batch for an asphalt batch plant producing 3 tons (2.7 t) per batch under the following conditions:Asphalt content = 5%Aggregate composition:Coarse A = 45%Coarse B = 35%Sand = 15%Mineral filler = 5%
A one-sack trial mix that meets specification requirements has the proportions shown below. Determine the quantity of each ingredient by weight required to batch a 16S mixer with no overload using an integer number of sacks of cement. The field excess moisture of the sand is 4%. The gravel is
What are the characteristics of a Performance Grade PG 58-10 asphalt binder?
Determine the actual field weight (lb or kg) required to charge a 34E mixer with a 10% overload using the mix proportions given below. The field excess moisture content of the sand is 6% and that of the gravel is 2%. Weight Component lb kg Specific Gravity Cement 94 42.6 3.15 Gravel 415 188.2 2.66
Develop a computer program to calculate the feed rate for an asphalt plant. For drum-mix plants, output the cold feed rate in tons per hour (t/h) of coarse and fine aggregate, mineral filler, and asphalt cement. For batch plants, output the dry weight in tons (t) per batch for aggregates, mineral
Develop a computer program to calculate the field batch weight of each component for a specified concrete mix and mixer capacity. Input should include the rated mixer capacity, percent overload to be used, and mix proportions.For each mix component, input the SSD weight for the component, the
Identify the three surface temperature zones encountered when compacting an HMA pavement. In which of these zones are compaction problems likely to occur?
What methods are available for rapidly determining the density of a compacted HMA pavement?
Briefly explain the process of constructing a pavement using roller compacted concrete (RCC). What are the advantages and disadvantages of this method of construction?
Calculate the asphalt application rate (standard volume)actually achieved by a bituminous distributor under the following conditions: tank gauge reading before spread, 2200 gal (8327 ); tank gauge reading after spread, 200 gal(757 ); temperature 200°F (93°C);width of spray bar, 20 ft(6.1 m);
Describe the major steps in the recycling of an asphalt pavement.What are the principal advantages and disadvantages of recycling such pavements?//
Find the asphalt application rate obtained if the volume of asphalt used (standard conditions) was 700 gal (2650 ), asphalt temperature was 200°F (93°C), the spray bar length was 18 ft (5.5 m), and the length of road section sprayed was 1000 ft (305 m).
List the sequence of activities involved in constructing a single-pass bituminous surface treatment and identify the item(s) of equipment used for each step.
Find the bituminous distributor pump output required to obtain an application rate of 0.2 gal/sq yd ( ), when the spray bar length is 20 ft (6.1 m) and road speed is 450 ft/min (137.3 m/min).
Briefly explain the rolling sequence for a hot-mix asphalt (HMA) pavement.
Develop a computer program to determine the actual rate of application (standard conditions) of a bituminous distributor. Input should include tank readings before and after application, the asphalt temperature, the length of the spray bar, and the length of roadway treated.
Explain the method by which air compressor capacity is rated.
A compressed air system consists of a compressor and receiver, 1500 ft (458 m) of 4-in. (10.2-cm) pipe, two gate valves, six standard elbows, and a manifold. Four rock drills requiring 200 cu ft/min (5.7 m3/min) each are connected to the manifold by 1-1⁄4-in. (3.2-cm) hoses 100 ft(30.5 m) long.
An M-rated self-priming centrifugal pump will be used to dewater an excavation during construction. The required pumping volume is estimated at 250 gal/min(946 /min). The pump will be located 10 ft (3.1 m)above the bottom of the excavation. The suction line will consist of 20 ft (6.1 m) of 3-in.
Estimate the air consumption of the following equipment to be used on a rock excavation project. Assume an 8% leakage loss, a job load factor of 0.90, and average values of tool air consumption from Table 1.What is the minimum rated size of air compressor required if the project is located at an
Water must be pumped from a stream to a water tank 500 ft (153 m) away. The discharge point will be 30 ft (9.2 m) above the stream. The pipeline from the pump to the tank will consist of 550 ft (168 m) of 4-in. (10.2-cm) straight pipe, four standard elbows, two 45° elbows, and a gate valve. The
What is the maximum practical suction lift for a centrifugal pump located at an altitude of 6000 ft (1830 m) when the temperature is 95°F (35°C)?
You are designing an air delivery system to supply air from a receiver operated at 100 psig (690 kPa) through 1600 ft (488 m) of pipe and a manifold to three hand-held rock drills. Each drill requires 100 cfm (2.18 m3/min) of compressed air and is connected to the manifold by 75 ft(22.8 m) of 1-in
What types of pumps might be used to dewater an excavation in a situation where the suction lift for a conventional centrifugal pump would exceed 32 ft (9.8 m)?
How does the friction loss in a compressed air pipeline vary with pressure?
Develop a computer program which will determine the minimum rated size of air compressor required to service a compressed air system. Input should include (for each tool type) the type of tool, the number of tools, and the expected air consumption per tool. Additional input should include the job

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Construction Methods And Management 8th Edition Stephens W.Nunnally - Solutions

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