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engineering
introduction mechanical engineering

Questions and Answers of Introduction Mechanical Engineering

Which calorimeter is used for a very wet steam ?
Steam enters a turbine at \(10 \mathrm{bar}, 300^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) with a velocity of \(50 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}\). The steam leaves the turbine at 1.5 bar with a velocity of \(200 \mathrm{~m}
Superheating of steam is done at constant(a) volume(b) pressure(c) temperature(d) enthalpy
Distinguish between gas and vapour.
A vessel of \(1.35 \mathrm{~m}^{3}\) capacity is filled with steam at 13 bar absolute and \(95 \%\) dry. The vessel and its contents cool until the pressure is 2 bar absolute. Calculate the mass of
With the increase of pressure the enthalpy of evaporation of water(a) decreases(b) increases(c) remains same(d) changes randomly
Differentiate between wet, dry saturated and superheated steam.
Steam at a pressure of 5 bar and temperature \(200^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) is expanded adiabatically to a pressure of 0.7 bar absolute. Determine the final condition of steam. For superheated steam,
Only throttling calorimeter is used for measuring(a) very low dryness fraction upto 0.7(b) very high dryness fraction upto 0.98(c) dryness fraction of only low pressure steam(d) dryness fraction of
Explain the term internal energy of steam.
Steam at a pressure of 20 bar absolute and dryness fraction 0.8 is throttled to a pressure of 0.5 bar. Determine the final condition of steam.
Constant pressure lines in the superheated region of the Mollier diagram have(a) a positive sloped(b) a negative slope(c) zero slope(d) both positive and negative slope
Why steam is superheated ?
2 kg of wet steam at \(10 \mathrm{bar}\) and \(90 \%\) dry is expanded according to the law \(p v=\) const. to a pressure of 1 bar. Determine the final condition of steam and the change in internal
Specific volume of wet steam with dryness fraction \(x\) is(a) \(x v_{f}\)(b) \(x v_{g}\)(c) \(x^{2} v_{g}\)(d) \(x^{3} v_{g}\)
Describe the process of formation of steam on T-Q diagram.
While conducting the dryness fraction test with a throttling calorimeter, it was found that the entering steam was at a pressure of 12 bar and a sample after being reduced to \(1 \mathrm{bar}\) in
Enthalpy of superheated steam is given by(a) \(h_{g}+c_{p s} \ln \frac{\mathrm{T}_{\text {sup }}}{\mathrm{T}_{s}}\)(b) \(h_{f}+h_{f g}\)(c) \(s_{g}+x s_{f g}\)(d) \(x s_{f}\)
Explain the volume changes during formation of steam with the help of T-V diagram.
In a test with a separating and throttling calorimeter, the following observations were made : Water separated \(=2.04 \mathrm{~kg}\)Steam discharged from throttling calorimeter \(=20.6
Entropy of wet steam is given by(a) \(s_{f}+x s_{f g}\)(b) \(x s_{g}\)(c) \(s_{g}+s_{f g}\)(d) \(x s_{f}\)
What do you understand by the term priming ?
Determine the change in internal energy when one \(\mathrm{kg}\) of steam expands from \(10 \mathrm{bar} 300^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) to 0.5 bar and 0.9 dry. Take \(c_{p s}=2.1 \mathrm{~kJ} /
Entropy of \(1 \mathrm{~kg}\) of water at \(T K\) is given by(a) \(c_{p w} \ln \frac{\mathrm{T}}{273}\)(b) \(c_{p w} \log \frac{\mathrm{T}}{273}\)(c) \(c_{p w} \ln \frac{\mathrm{T}}{273}\)(d) \(c_{p
State limitations of throttling calorimeter.
One \(\mathrm{kg}\) of steam at 10 bar exists at \(200^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) Calculate the enthalpy, specific volume, density internal energy and entropy. Take \(c_{p s}=2.1 \mathrm{~kJ} /
A vessel contains one \(\mathrm{kg}\) of steam which contains \(\frac{1}{3} \mathrm{rd}\) liquid and \(\frac{2}{3} \mathrm{rd}\) vapour by volume. The temperature of steam is \(151.86^{\circ}
A cylinder fitted with a piston contains \(0.5 \mathrm{~kg}\) of steam at 4 bar. The initial volume of steam is \(0.1 \mathrm{~m}^{3}\). Heat is transferred to steam at constant pressure until the
Steam at 10 bar and 0.9 dry initially occupies \(0.35 \mathrm{~m}^{3}\). It is expanded according to the law \(p v^{1.25}=\) const until the pressure falls to 2 bar. Determine(a) the mass of steam
One \(\mathrm{kg}\) of steam at 8.5 bar and 0.95 dry expands adiabatically to a pressure of \(1.5 \mathrm{bar}\). The law of expansion is \(p v^{1.2}=\) const. Determine(a) the final dryness fraction
A throttling calorimeter is used to measure the dryness fraction of steam in the steam mass where the steam is flowing at a pressure of 6 bar. The steam after passing through the calorimeter comes
A separating and throttling calorimeter was used to determine the dryness fraction of steam flowing through a steam main at \(900 \mathrm{kPa}\). The pressure and temperature after throttling was
(a) Explain the terms : melting point, boiling point and critical point.(b) State the difference between(i) Superheated steam and wet steam.(ii) Sensible heat of water and latent heat of
(a) Explain with a neat sketch working of a separating and throttling calorimeter.(b) Explain the following terms : dryness fraction, priming, superheated steam.
Calculate the quantity of the required to generate \(1 \mathrm{~kg}\) of steam at a pressure of 8 bar from water at \(30^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\)(a) when dryness fraction is 0.9 ,(b) when steam is just
Which of the following are boiler accessories ?(a) Safety valve(b) Stop valve(c) Economiser(d) Blow-off cock
What is a steam generator ?
The following readings are taken during trial on a boiler for one hour :Calculate(a) equivalent evaporation per \(\mathrm{kg}\) of fuel without and with superheater,(b) thermal efficiency of the
How do you classify steam generators ?
Describe the construction features of a Cochran boiler. Discuss its working briefly.
5400 m3/h of wet steam 0.92 dry and at 10 bar is to be supplied by a boiler for a processing plant. Calculate(a) the mass of steam supplied per hour, and(b) the quantity of coal of calorific value 15
The main objective of a boiler tail is(a) to determine the thermal efficiency of the boiler when working at a definite pressure(b) to draw up heat balance sheet for the boiler(c) both(a) and (b)(d)
The following data refer to a boiler trial:Calculate(a) boiler efficiency,(b) equivalent evaporation, and(c) percentage heat unaccounted Feed water Feed water temperature Steam pressure Steam
What are the merits of water tube boilers ?
Where a water tube boiler is exclusively used ? Discuss the construction and working of Babcock and Wilcox boiler.
Find the internal energy of \(1 \mathrm{~kg}\) of super heated steam at a pressure of 10 bar and \(300^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). If this steam is expanded to 1.5 bar and 0.9 dryness, find the change in
Economiser is generally placed between(a) last superheater/preheater and air preheater(b) air preheater and chimney(c) electrostatic precipitators(d) induced draft fan and forced draft fan
What are the demerits of fire tube boilers ?
At tempering is(a) reduction of steam pressure(b) reduction of steam temperature(c) discharge of flue gases at certain height(d) conditioning of disposable fluids for minimum pollution
The air preheater of a boiler plant is located(a) between forced draught fan and furnace(b) between furnace and economiser(c) between economiser and chimney(d) near superheater
Enumerate the factors affecting boiler selection.
In a boiler test \(1200 \mathrm{~kg}\) of coal is burnt in 24 hours. The mass of water evaporated is \(12,500 \mathrm{~kg}\). Steam pressure is \(7.6 \mathrm{bar}\). The feed water temperature was
With the help of a neat sketch discuss the working principle of Velox high pressure boiler.
What are the advantages of high pressure boilers ?
1 kg of steam 0.85 dry at a pressure of 1 bar is compressed in a cylinder to a pressure of 2 bar according to p \(v^{1.25}=\) const. Determine the final condition of steam and the heat transfer
The following type of safety valve is most suitable for locomotive boiler(a) Dead weight safety valve(b) Spring loaded safety valve(c) Lever loaded safety valve(d) None of the above
A boiler produces \(10 \mathrm{~kg}\) of steam \(/ \mathrm{kg}\) of coal burnt at \(50^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). The steam pressure is 10 bar. Find the equivalent evaporation from and at \(100^{\circ}
In a boiler trial, \(1360 \mathrm{~kg}\) of coal were consumed in 24 hours. The mass of water evaporated was \(13600 \mathrm{~kg}\) and steam pressure was \(7.5 \mathrm{bar}\). The feed water
Steam at a pressure of 10 bar and 0.9 dry expands to 1 bar hyperbolically. Find(a) work done and heat absorbed,(b) internal energy and change in enthalpy.Take specific heat of steam at constant
The manhole provided in a fire tube boiler is used for(a) Inspecting the drum when the boiler is in operation(b) Inspecting the drum when the boiler is shutdown(c) Inspecting the drum and clean the
List the advantages of forced circulation boilers.
A boiler produces \(900 \mathrm{~kg}\) of wet steam per hour at a pressure of 7 bar. The dryness fraction of steam is 0.96 . Feed water temperature is \(20^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). If boiler efficiency
A boiler generates \(8.5 \mathrm{Kg}\) of steam per \(\mathrm{kg}\) of coal burned at a pressure of \(13.5 \mathrm{bar}\) from feed water having absolute temperature of \(350 \mathrm{~K}\). The
Steam initially dry saturated, expands isentropically from pressure of 15 bar to 0.15 bar. Find the index of isentropic expansion.
Consider the following statements:Blow down is necessary on boilers, because 1. the boiler water level is lowered rapidly in case it accidentally rises too high.2. the precipitated sediment of sludge
What is a boiler mounting ? List the various boiler mountings ?
The data obtained during a boiler trial is given below:Calculate(a) equivalent evaporation,(b) thermal efficiency of plant, and(c) percentage of heat energy of fuel energy utilised by the economiser.
A boiler produces \(15000 \mathrm{~kg} / \mathrm{h}\) of steam at 7 bar, \(300^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). The feed water temperature is \(70^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). The calorific value of fuel \(=30,000
A device whose function is to heat feed water by utilizing the heat in the exhaust flue gases before leaving through the chimney is called(a) Superheater(b) Economiser(c) Air preheater(d) Feed pump
The following data relate to a boiler trial :Ultimate mass analysis of dry coal : \(\mathrm{C}=84 \%, \mathrm{O}_{2}=4 \%\), ash \(=8 \%\) Coal burnt per hour Moisture content in coal H.C.V. of coal
A boiler generates \(8 \mathrm{~kg} / \mathrm{kg}\) of coal burnt at a pressure of 10 bar. The feed water temperature is \(70^{\circ} \mathrm{C}, \eta_{\text {boiler }}=75 \%\) and factor of
3 kg of steam at a pressure of 30 bar exists in the following conditions :(a) wet steam with a dryness fraction of 0.85.(b) superheated steam with temperature of \(300^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). Assume
A device which is used for pumping water in to the boiler is called(a) Economiser(b) Feed pump(c) Injector(d) Air preheater
Name the various accessories used on a boiler.
The mass of a pendulum bob of a cuckoo clock is \(30 \mathrm{~g}\). How far from the pin support should the bob be placed such that its period is \(1.0 \mathrm{~s}\) ?
A ceiling fan assembly of five blades is driven by a motor. The assembly is attached to the ceiling by a thin shaft fixed at the ceiling. What is the natural frequency of torsional oscillations of
The cylindrical container of Figure P3.3 has a mass of \(25 \mathrm{~kg}\) and floats stably on the surface of an unknown fluid. When disturbed, the period of free oscillations is measured as \(0.2
When the \(5.1 \mathrm{~kg}\) connecting rod of Figure P3.4 is placed in the position shown, the spring deflects \(0.5 \mathrm{~mm}\). When the end of the rod is displaced and released, the resulting
When a \(2000 \mathrm{lb}\) vehicle is empty, the static deflection of its suspension system is measured as \(0.8 \mathrm{in}\). What is the natural frequency of the vehicle when it is carrying \(700
A \(400 \mathrm{~kg}\) machine is placed at the midspan of a \(3.2-\mathrm{m}\) simply supported steel \(\left(E=200 \times 10^{9} \mathrm{~N} / \mathrm{m}^{2}\right)\) beam. The machine is observed
A one degree-of-freedom model of a 9 -m steel flagpole ( \(ho=7400 \mathrm{~kg} / \mathrm{m}^{3}\), \(\left.E=200 \times 10^{9} \mathrm{~N} / \mathrm{m}^{2}, G=80 \times 10^{9} \mathrm{~N} /
A \(250 \mathrm{~kg}\) compressor is to be placed at the end of a \(2.5-\mathrm{m}\) fixed-free steel \(\left(E=200 \times 10^{9} \mathrm{~N} / \mathrm{m}^{2}\right)\) beam. Specify the allowable
A \(50 \mathrm{~kg}\) pump is to be placed at the midspan of a \(2.8-\mathrm{m}\) simply supported steel \(\left(E=200 \times 10^{9} \mathrm{~N} / \mathrm{m}^{2}\right)\) beam. The beam is of
A diving board is modeled as a simply supported beam with an overhang. What is the natural frequency of a 140-1b diver at the end of the diving board of Figure P3.10 4 ft- E-100x10 N/m FIGURE P3.10 1
A diver is able to slightly adjust the location of the intermediate support on the diving board in Figure P3.10. What is the range of natural frequencies a \(140 \mathrm{lb}\) diver can attain if the
A \(60 \mathrm{~kg}\) drum of waste material is being hoisted by an overhead crane and winch system as illustrated in Figure P3.12. The system is modeled as a simply supported beam to which the cable
A 200-kg package is being hoisted by a \(120-\mathrm{mm}\)-diameter steel cable \(\left(E=200 \times 10^{9} \mathrm{~N} / \mathrm{m}^{2}\right)\) at a constant velocity \(v\). What is the largest
Determine the natural frequency of the system of Figure P2.43. m 2r FIGURE P 2.43
Determine the natural frequency and damping ratio of the system of Figure P2.45. FIGUREP 2.45 12c k Slender bar of mass m
Determine the natural frequency and damping ratio for the system of Figure P2.47. mmm 13 m 2k -Rigid massless link 14 C 17 FIGURE P 2.47 Identical slender bars of mass m, length L
Determine the natural frequency and damping ratio for the system of Figure P2.49. m hmm 12 B 2m ww Slender bar of mass m connected to blocks through rigid links at A and B FIGURE P 2.49
Determine the natural frequency and damping ratio for the system of Figure P2.53. m 2r FIGURE P 2.53 E
The inertia of the elastic elements is negligible. What is the natural frequency of the system assuming a SDOF model is used? See Figures P3.19. 0.8 m FIGURE P3.19 E = 210 x 10 N/m I = 1.6 10m x 150
The inertia of the elastic elements is negligible. What is the natural frequency of the system assuming a SDOF model is used? See Figures P3.20. x E 210 x 10 N/m A = 2.1 104 m L = 0.65 m FIGURE
The inertia of the elastic elements is negligible. What is the natural frequency of the system assuming a SDOF model is used? See Figures P3.21. 0.6 m 0.4 m FIGURE P3.21 Imm E 180 x 109 N/m 1= 4.6
The inertia of the elastic elements is negligible. What is the natural frequency of the system assuming a SDOF model is used? See Figures P3.22. uu 1.8 m- 5 x 104 N/m E 200 x 109 N/m 8 x 10 N/m I
The inertia of the elastic elements is negligible. What is the natural frequency of the system assuming a SDOF model is used? See Figures P3.23. 60 cm G-60 109 N/m r = 8 mm FIGURE P3.23 40 cm G 80 x
The center of the disk of Figure P3.24 is displaced a distance \(\delta\) from its equilibrium position and released. Determine \(x(t)\) if the disk rolls without slip. k www Thin disk of mass m, no
The coefficient of friction between the disk and the surface in Figure P3.24 is \(\mu\). What is the largest initial velocity of the mass center that can be imparted such that the disk rolls without
For the systems shown in Figures P3.26.(a) Determine the damping ratio(b) State whether the system is underdamped, critically damped, or overdamped(c) Determine \(x(t)\) or \(\theta(t)\) for the

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