Questions and Answers of Introduction To Biotechnology

How could the use of biodiesel have a long-term positive effect on the environment and the economy?
How is it possible for two similar experiments to have drastically different results?
In animals, the advent of methods such as _____________ ________________ and _________________ coupled with computerized ___________ _______________ have allowed great strides in animal improvement.
Organisms produced by ________________ DNA technologies to ________________ genetic materials between different types of _______________ are called genetically modified organisms or _____________
Genes for many different types of useful ______________ such as therapeutic __________________ _________________ and industrial _____________ have been genetically engineered into bacteria and fungi
______________ have circular-shaped pieces of DNA called _______________ that float freely in the cells __________________.
_______________ control _________________ of genes by interacting with the ________________ machinery of the cell.
During ___________________ screening, to increase the chance of finding an _______________ trait a mutation population is often generated using _____________ or ________________.
A group of ____________________called the ____________ ______________ . recognize specific DNA sequences and _______________ the DNA into pieces.
In a process called _________________plasmids used in genetic engineering are placed in bacterial ______________ and the bacteria make _____________ of the plasmid DNA during cell _______________ .
_________________are generally found by comparing DNA ______________on fragments of DNA from an organism having the ____________ characteristic to DNA fragments from a very____________ organism not
_______________ literally blasts ______________ DNA into plant cells using tiny bullets composed of ___________ or _______________particles, coated with the DNA of interest.
Currently, the use of genetically modified organisms is widespread through the agriculture and medical industries. True/False
Genes of interest that are moved into an organism using recombinant DNA technology are called recombigenes. True/False
The first organisms to undergo gene splicing and be useful transgenic organisms were bacteria. True/False
Cultures of bacteria, fungi, insect, plant, and animal cells can all be used for biomanufacturing proteins. True/False
It is harder to genetically engineer prokaryotes than it is to genetically engineer eukaryotes. True/False
In reverse genetics, scientists observe the physical characteristics to find organisms with interesting or useful characteristics. True/False
Competent cells are cells that have been treated so that they will accept a vector. True/False
During electrophoresis, DNA fragments are sorted by size. True/False
We are using transgenic technology to its fullest extent in the agriculture industry. True/False
In order for foreign genetic material to be expressed in the next generation of animals, it must be inserted into the germ cells (egg or sperm) or in the embryo during early developmental stages.
What is a genetically modified organism?
Compare and contrast selective breeding and genetic engineering.
Explain the role of enzymes in genetic engineering.
Why was Escherichia coli a good choice for biomanufacturing insulin?
Explain the process of biomanufacturing insulin.
List the questions that must be considered in order to genetically engineer organisms.
Explain how plasmids can function as vectors.
Describe the process of Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP).
What is tissue culture?
List and describe two techniques for creating transgenic animals.
The first cloned animal, a ______________ named was cloned from ________________ cells of an adult sheep in _________________.
_________________clones derived from____________________ cells first became a reality back in _______________when a scientist named John Gurdon of Oxford University developed a procedure called
Cells go through periods of_____________ and are said to be ____________________ when there is no need for rapid cell _________________.
When Dolly was cloned, _______________cloned embryos resulted in only __________________ lamb, and of the __________________ ewes that received ________________ healthy embryos, only Dolly was
An interesting ________________ about cloning is that there can be observable _______________ in ________________.
If cells can be harvested, grown into ____________ in the lab, and _______________ into _____________ ______________ ______________ _____________can take place much more rapidly.
The process of ____________DNA into________________ cells is a very ____________ _____________ _____________ process.
Critics of cloning contend that if all animals in a __________________ are genetically _______________ there will not be enough ______________in the population should some problem, such as a new
While the genetic _______________ is passed along through the clone to its ___________________ the animal is not guaranteed to be _________________ as ______________ factors play a large role in the
A group of animals selected for ______________ will have genetics even though they may be closely _________________ Often this may interfere with the_____________ of a research study.
Clones can never occur naturally. True/False
Once cells begin to differentiate, their genetic coding is locked into place, and they become a certain cell type such as muscle or bone. True/False
Nuclear transfer was first performed using frogs. True/False
Nuclear transfer is commonly used to clone adult organisms. True/False
The main challenge for scientists at this point is to make the cloning process easier and more efficient. True/False
Cloning can produce completely normal animals. True/False
Scientists now think they have a complete understanding of the process of cloning. True/False
Most scientists agree that cloning animals will never be financially feasible. True/False
One of the problems with selective breeding is that unfavorable characteristics can be passed on to offspring along with the favorable characteristics. True/False
One disadvantage to cloning is that the animal products produced from clones are uniform. True/False
What is the main disadvantage to animal cloning?
How can cloning increase genetic superiority in an animal herd?
What is a “super clone?”’
Why is it beneficial to make all the animals in a herd uniform?
How might cloning reduce the number of endangered and extinct animals?
Distinguish between a stem cell and a differentiated cell.
Explain how nuclear transfer works.
Why was the cloning of Dolly produce so much controversy?
How can clones of the same organism have different physical characteristics?
Many plants reproduce by means of_____________ through process known as ______________ or ____________ ____________.
To produce ________________ plants must complete an entire cycle of _________________production, ______________ seed _______________ and __________________>
Runners, or ________________ are specialized _________________ that grow on top of the ground and reach out ___________________.
New plants from__________________ are the result of _____________ __________________ and combine the ________________ of two _________________ plants.
Producers may __________________ plants by taking________________ taken from _________________ plants with __________________ traits.
A ________________ is an organism whose genetic makeup has been __________________ through a ________________ ____________ in the genetic code.
When ___________________ begin to grow on plant__________________ the process is stimulated by __________________ hormones called _______________________.
The procedure for ________________ involves the __________________ of two parts of a plant. The lower part is called a ________________ and the upper part is called a __________________.
The first step in the process of _______________ ______________ is the collection of tissue from a parent or ________________ plant. This tissue is called ___________________.
Working in a sterile _____________________ ___________________________ ("within the glass") system means that the plants grown in ____________ _____________ will be _____________ _____________ which
Plant cloning is one of the newest forms of biotechnology. True/False
Plants that have seedless fruit must be reproduced through vegetative propagation. True/False
There are male and female plants that have different physical characteristics. True/False
All plant cells have the ability to create an adult plant under the correct conditions. True/False
Cloning plants are much harder than cloning animals. True/False
A tuber is a specialized root. True/False
Corms differ from bulbs in that they are solid and have nodes and inner nodes. True/False
Cuttings are usually only taken from leaves. True/False
Plants that are not easily rooted from cuttings can often be propagated through layering. True/False
One of the disadvantages of tissue culture is that many genetically identical plants can be produced in a short period of time. True/False
Why is natural cloning in plants much more common than natural cloning in animals?
Distinguish between separation and division.
Compare and contrast tunicate bulbs and non-tunicate bulbs.
Describe the conditions necessary for a plant cutting to properly root.
What is a callus cell?
Explain the difference between xylem and phloem.
Describe the process of grafting.
Why is it important to clone plants that have been genetically altered
Even with the advent of today's highly effective __________________ and management techniques, it is estimated that about __________________ percent of the world's food supply is lost to
Scientists have known for many years that the bacteria____________ ___________________ (commonly known as ______________) was effective in _____________insects by disrupting their ______________
____________________ who have an opportunity to try. _________________crops often see a great _________________ benefit and adopt this new technology, but other members of the ___________ are slower
Another serious problem faced by producers are _____________ that ______________ with crops for soil ______________ and _____________.
In plants that have been engineered to resist __________________ infections , a gene for the viral _______________ coat is place in the plant _________________a strategy referred to as
During the ________________ the ________________ ________________ included the development of crop varieties that could be grown in specific ____________________ regions.
By studying the biology of ______________ _________________ plants and those that are salt loving or __________________ researchers have identified genes that help salt _____________ crop survive
___________________ that increase crop ___________________ or make crop less __________________ to grow are called ___________________ traits.
Ethanol made from crop _____________________ or _________________ is called ______________________ __________________.
A wide range of ___________________ can be _____________________ by placing medicine-producing genes into ____________________.
Interrupting an insect’s reproductive cycle is an effective way to control pests using biotechnology. True/False

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