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engineering
introduction to biotechnology

Questions and Answers of Introduction To Biotechnology

When the researcher determines if _______________ can be ____________ or rejected, he or she must be careful not to go beyond reaching _______________ based on the __________________ ______________.
When the journal editors receive research _______________ they send it out to other scientist for ______________ to make sure the research was properly _______________ and reported and to ensure that
The scientific___________ is widely used to make certain that research is performed in a ______________ manner that ensures the _________________ of the research.
Modern scientists usually make discoveries and progress working entirely by themselves. True/False
Companies and land grant universities often work together to make the most out of scientificresearch and developments. True/False
Intellectual property laws in agriculture and biotechnology are universally agreed on.True/False
The main advantage of using the scientific method is that scientists can be sure the results oftheir research and experimentation are consistent. True/False
A null hypothesis states that there will be no difference between the treatment group and thecontrol group.True/False
How well an experiment is designed and conducted often determines the credibilityof a study. True/False
Ina valid experiment, the treatment group and the control group may have manydifferences. True/False
If two sets of data are correlated, then we can prove that one set of data is causing a changein the other. True/False
A significance level of .05 (95%) is always considered adequate. True/False
Scientific research has greatly improved our standard of living. True/Flase
What does patent protection mean?
List the seven steps of the scientific method.
Why should scientists spend time formulating a well-defined statement of the problem?
Why is it inaccurate to say that a hypothesis is simply a guess?
What is reliability? What is validity?
Explain the importance of using a journal while conducting scientific research.
Why is peer reviewing such an important part of the research process?
We can use ______________, ______________, and ________________ cells to provide useful ________________, processes and services.
________________ and _________________cells are similar in that they are both filled with ____________________, _________________ a gel-like substance that is about 80% ________________ and contains
Viral particles or __________________ and have some________________ to cells in that they contain _______________ _________________ and _______________ ________________.
Prokaryotic cells contain genetic material, but unlike ___________________ cells, this material is localized to the ______________ ________________ of the cell _______________.
_______________can easily exchange or share genetic information through_______________ ______________ _____________ where or fragments of _____________ may move between cells.
The functions of the cell membrane, or _____. membrane, are to enclose and the cell’s contents; _________ the movement of materials in and out of the cell; and allow —______ with other cells.
One of the most important __________ is the peanut-shaped _________, which functions to break down food ______ and supply the cell with
Transporting proteins and other needed molecules throughout the cell is a team effort that involves the ________ membrane, the cell membrane, the _________ _________ the ___________ ____________and
endomembrane system Early _______ cells divide and group together to form a ball-shaped mass called the _________, where the cells ______ and clump into a mass in a process called ______________.
Scientists learned about cells through the processes of gene splicing and genetic engineering. True/False
The invention of the electron microscope allowed scientists to see small cell parts and viruses for the first time. True/False
Only eukaryotic cells contain genetic material. True/False
Prokaryotes are the most numerous forms ofl ife on Earth. True/False
Bacterial cells such as Escherichia coli and Lactobacillus played an important role in early biotechnology. True/False
All plants and animals are made up of prokaryotic cells. True/False False
The cell membrane is semipermeable, which means that it allows only certain materials to pass into and out of the cell.
The process of meiosis creates two identical daughter cells.
Interphase is not considered a true phase of mitosis because the cell is not actively dividingand is completing normal functions, such as growing and synthesizing materials.
Explain how the electron microscope works and why it was so important for biotechnology.
Explain why viruses are not considered cells.
Compare and contrast eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells.
Discuss the differences between osmosis and diffusion.
Explain the function of chromatin, DNA, and genes.
Compare and contrast the structures of plant cells and animal cells.
List the differences between oogenesis and spermatogenesis.
List the phases of mitosis.
Describe the phases of mitosis.
Compare and contrast the three different kinds of stem cells.
Two scientists, __________________ and ____________discovered how the building block of genetic transfer, known as___________ or________ __________are organized in the cell and the process by which
DNA is composed of units called_____________ that are made up of a _____________ molecule, a ___________ and a_____________ molecule containing chemicals called____________.
____________traits are an exception to the rule of ________________ and result in a phenotype that is a blending of traits.
Genes that are not ______________may interact to cause an expression that is _________________ from the coding on the _________________ the interaction is called _____________.
When the_____________ and____________ are united at_____________ the chromosomes are ________________ together and form new sets of chromosomes for the new organism.
The genetic code is copied using ____________ _____________ (RNA) a substance in the living cells of all organisms that carries. ____________ ___________ . needed to form____________ in the cells.
______________ ________________are the building blocks of ____________and most organisms are largely _____________of protein.
The genetic____________ for each amino acid is contained in a series of three_________________, called a ____________, that tells the cell to ________________ a certain type of amino acid.
Originally, scientists thought the human genome contained over ____________ genes, but while mapping the human genome, they found that humans contain only _____________ genes About _______________of
Some areas of the genome that do not code for______________ contain sequences called ___________ ______________ that actually turn on or turn off a particular_______________.
Adenine can pair only with cytosine, and thymine can pair only with guanine. True/False
Genes are always made of the same number of nucleotides. True/False
If a dominant allele is present in an organism, the organism will display the dominant phenotype. True/False
Autosomes are the chromosomes that carry the genes for sex determination. True/False
Genetic information is transcribed into messenger RNA in the nucleus. True/False
Transfer RNA (tRNA) synthesizes amino acids. True/False
Cell organelles called ribosomes are necessary for translation to occur. True/False
DNA sequencing technologies have not progressed much over the past 20 years. True/False
Once the genetic sequence of an organism has been mapped, only scientists may access and use the information. True/False
There are more genetic differences among humans of the same racial group than there are between humans of different racial groups. True/False
Explain Mendel’s law of segregation and law of independent assortment.
Distinguish between the genotype and phenotype of an organism.
Explain how two organisms can be genetically identical yet still have physical differences.
Explain the difference between heterozygous and homozygous genes.
How is sex determined in higher animals?
Identify the products of transcription and translation.
Distinguish between exons and introns.
Why do scientists think it is important to map the genomes of organisms?
Discuss the limitations of gene mapping.

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