Mechanical And Electrical Systems In Architecture Engineering And Construction 5th Edition Frank R Dagostino, Joseph B Wujek - Solutions

How does elevation of a wind turbine affect turbine output?
Describe the following wind systems:a. Stand alone off gridb. Grid connected
What is Betz’s limit?
Selecting the best-suited HVAC system depends on factors such as: cost and availability of the energy source; appliance or system efficiency; cost to purchase, install, and maintain the appliance or system; and environmental impacts associated with the fuel. Energy prices vary because of type of
A photovoltaic (PV) system is being considered for a building with a load of 8 kW. The PV system will be approximately 16% efficient. Approximate the PV array size (in ft2) required to meet this load at the geographical location where you reside.
A PV system is being considered for a building with a load of 10 kW. The PV system will be approximately 14% efficient. Approximate the PV array size (in ft2) required to meet this load at the following locations:a. Seattle, Washingtonb. Phoenix, Arizonac. Los Angeles, Californiad. Miami, Floridae.
A PV system is being considered for a building with a load of 8 kW. The PV system will be approximately 16% efficient. Approximate the PV array size (in ft2) required to meet this load at the following locations:a. Seattle, Washingtonb. Phoenix, Arizonac. Los Angeles, Californiad. Miami, Floridae.
A PV system is being considered for a building with a load of 6 kW. The PV system will be approximately 18% efficient. Approximate the PV array size (in ft2) required to meet this load at the following locations:a. Seattle, Washingtonb. Phoenix, Arizonac. Los Angeles, Californiad. Miami, Floridae.
The known mean wind velocity is 13.2 mph at a site at a height of 33 ft (about 10 m). Approximate the wind velocity at a height of 100 ft (about 30 m) for the following sites:a. Site located in suburban area (clustered homes and small buildings)b. Site located in urban area (clustered large
The known mean wind velocity is 15.3 mph at a site at a height of 33 ft (about 10 m). Approximate the wind velocity at a height of 100 ft (about 30 m) for the following sites:a. Site located in forest with many treesb. Site located in an open field with short grassc. Site on island surrounded by
Approximate the theoretical power in wind moving at a speed of 7 m/s with an air temperature of 4°C striking a wind turbine with the following rotor sizes at a site at sea level:a. 2 mb. 4 mc. 6 md. 8 me. 10 m
Approximate the theoretical power in wind moving at a speed of 14 mph with an air temperature of 40°F striking wind turbine with the following rotor sizes at a site at sea level:a. 10 ftb. 15 ftc. 20 ftd. 25 fte. 30 ft
Approximate the theoretical power in the wind at a site at sea level with an air temperature of 50°F striking a wind turbine with a 15 ft rotor size at the following wind velocities:a. 10 mphb. 15 mphc. 20 mphd. 25 mphe. 30 mph
A horizontal axis wind turbine has a rotor diameter of 24 ft. The turbine coefficient of performance is 0.37, generator efficiency is 0.78, and gearbox transmission efficiency is 0.94. Air is at a temperature of 60°F. Determine the wind turbine power at sea level at wind at speeds of 10 mph, 20
A horizontal axis wind turbine has a rotor diameter of 24 ft. The turbine coefficient of performance is 0.37, generator efficiency is 0.80, and gearbox transmission efficiency is 0.94. Air is at a temperature of 60°F. Determine the wind turbine power at an elevation of 5000 ft above sea level at
Selecting the best-suited HVAC system depends on factors such as: cost and availability of the energy source; appliance or system efficiency; cost to purchase, install, and maintain the appliance or system; and environmental impacts associated with the fuel. Energy prices vary because of type of
With respect to a rainwater harvesting system, explain first-flush washing.
Describe a rainwater collection/harvesting systems.
Explain the components of a run-of-the-river hydropower system.
What is a hydropower system?
Describe the types of ventilation equipment.
Describe humidification and why is it needed in buildings.
Describe dehumidification and why is it needed in buildings.
Describe heat recovery ventilation.
Describe how cogeneration can be used in an HVAC system.
Describe district heating and district cooling.
The cooling load of a residence at summer design conditions is 46 800 Btu/hr. From the performance specifications for high-efficiency residential central air conditioners provided in Table 6.8, select an air conditioner that can efficiently meet this load in tons-cooling. Tons-Cooling 2.0 2.5 3.0
In a commercial building, the heating load at winter design conditions is 211 400 Btu/hr (with pick-up allowance) and the cooling load at summer design conditions is 232 800 Btu/hr. From the performance specifications for commercial, gas-electric, heating and cooling, packaged rooftop units
A school district is considering heating systems for a high school anticipated to have an annual heating load of 6200 MMBtu/year. Compute the annual cost of heating the building with these systems:a. A modern, high-efficiency boiler with a seasonal efficiency of 96% that is fired with natural gas
A school district is considering heating systems for a high school anticipated to have an annual heating load of 7200 GJ/year. Compute the annual cost of heating the building with these systems:a. A modern, high-efficiency boiler with a seasonal efficiency of 96% that is fired with natural gas with
Describe the following air distribution components:a. Ductworkb. Duct insulationc. Damperd. Diffuserse. Grillesf. Fansg. Coils
What is an air-handling unit? Describe its chief components. Where is it used?
What is the difference between a roof-mounted airhandling unit (AHU) and an rooftop unit (RTU)?
Describe the purpose of a fan filter unit (FFU) and where it may be used.
Describe the purpose of a makeup air unit (MAU) and where it may be used.
Describe the function of the following types of ducts:a. Supply airb. Outdoor airc. Return aird. Mixed air
Describe the types of multiblade dampers.
Describe the purpose of installing smoke and fire dampers.
How are duct joints sealed?
Why are filters needed in an air distribution system?
Identify materials that can serve as a semipermeable VDR.
What is the difference between a nonpermeable VDR and a semipermeable VDR?
Why does bitumen-impregnated kraft paper work effectively as a VDR?
How can moisture problems associated with water intrusion be reduced?
How can moisture problems associated with vapor diffusion be reduced?
How can moisture problems associated with airborne water vapor infiltration be reduced?
A 64 000 ft2 warehouse is designed to store electronic equipment in a big box retail store. Determine the minimum outdoor air (ventilation) rate for this space, in cfm.
For the conditions in the previous exercise, describe a good strategy for use of a VDR.Data from previous Exercise A building has indoor air conditions of 70°F dry bulbtemperature and 40% relative humidity. Determinethe direction of water vapor flow under the followingoutdoor air conditions that
A 7000 m2 warehouse is designed to store electronic equipment in a big box retail store. Determine the minimum outdoor air (ventilation) rate for this space, in liters per second.
A restaurant has an 800 ft2 cocktail lounge and a 3800 ft2 dining room, which are served by a single rooftop HVAC unit. Determine the outdoor (ventilation) air requirements for this unit based upon the selected occupancies.
A restaurant has a 90 m2 cocktail lounge and a 420 m2 dining room, which are served by a single rooftop HVAC unit. Determine the outdoor (ventilation) air requirements for this unit based on the selected occupancies.
A building has indoor air conditions of 70°F dry bulb temperature and 40% relative humidity. Determine the direction of water vapor flow under the following outdoor air conditions that represent a dry, heating climate:a. 32°F dry bulb temperature and 40% relative humidity (winter conditions)b.
A building has indoor air conditions of 70°F dry bulb temperature and 50% relative humidity. Determine the direction of water vapor flow under the following outdoor air conditions that represent a cooling climate that is warm and humid:a. 60°F dry bulb temperature and 60% relative humidity
For the conditions in the previous exercise, describe a good strategy for use of a VDR.Data From Previous Exercise:A building has indoor air conditions of 70°F dry bulb temperature and 50% relative humidity. Determine the direction of water vapor flow under the following outdoor air conditions
A building has indoor air conditions of 70°F dry bulb temperature and 40% relative humidity. Determine the direction of water vapor flow under the following outdoor air conditions that represent a climate that is warm and humid in the summer and cold and dry in the winter:a. 32°F dry bulb
What is a building air barrier, and where and why is it used in a construction assembly?
Describe the airtight drywall alternative to a VDR.
What is an ice dam and how can it be prevented?
Describe a dynamic buffer zone (DBZ) ventilation system.
For single-family dwellings in Denver, Colorado, the International Energy Conservation Code (IECC) offers the following minimum R-value ranges for the construction assemblies shown (depending on option). Convert these R-values to the metric equivalent thermal resistance (RSI).a. Ceiling: 38 to 49
For multifamily dwellings in Denver, Colorado, the IECC requires the following minimum R-values for the construction assemblies shown. Convert these R-values to the metric equivalent thermal resistance (RSI).a. Ceiling: 38 hr °F · ft2/Btub. Wall cavity: 17 hr °F · ft2/Btuc. Basement wall: 9 hr
For a three-story, 100 000 ft2 office building in Denver, Colorado, the IECC requires the following minimum R-values for the construction assemblies. Convert these R-values to the metric equivalent thermal resistance (RSI).a. Ceiling: 25 hr · °F · ft2/Btub. Wall cavity: 13 hr · °F · ft2/Btuc.
For single-family dwellings in Denver, Colorado, the IECC requires window assemblies to have minimum U-factors in the range of 0.35 to 0.45 Btu/hr · °F · ft2. Convert these U-factors to:a. The thermal resistance (R-values), in units of hr · °F · ft2/Btub. The metric equivalent thermal
For multifamily dwellings in Denver, Colorado, the IECC requires window assemblies to have a minimum U-factor of 0.45 Btu/hr · °F · ft2. Convert this U-factor to:a. The thermal resistance (R-values), in units of hr · °F · ft2/Btub. The metric equivalent thermal resistance (RSI), in units of
For a three-story, 100 000 ft2 office building in Denver, Colorado, the (IECC) requires window assemblies to have a minimum U-factor of 0.70 Btu/hr · °F · ft2 (for IECC climate zone 5). Convert this U-factor to:a. The thermal resistance (R-values), in units of hr · °F · ft2/Btub. The metric
A conference room is designed with seating for 20 occupants. Determine the minimum outdoor air (ventilation) rate for this space, in cfm. A classroom is designed with seating for 32 occupants. Determine the minimum outdoor air (ventilation) rate for this space, in cfm, based on:a. The International
An auditorium-like lecture room is designed with seating for 300 occupants. Determine the minimum outdoor air (ventilation) rate for this space, in cfm, based on:a. International Mechanical Codeb. ASHRAE Standard 62.1
The transmission heat load is computed by the equation, UA(ΔT). Describe each term in this equation.
With respect to a heating load, what is a pick-up allowance?
Air infiltration rates (i.e., air change per hour) vary considerably. Describe typical infiltration rates in new and older buildings.
How is the outside design temperature determined?
When are the following winter design conditions used?a. 99.6% dry bulb temperatureb. 99.0% dry bulb temperature
Find the outside design temperature for the geographical location at which you reside.
Describe the degree-day, and how it will affect the amount of fuel used per year.
How does seasonal efficiency of the heating system affect heating costs?
List some of the ways in which the heat loss of a building can be controlled.
Why is limiting of window area important in keeping the heat loss low?
Describe three methods used to estimate energy consumption.
Calculate the number of simple degree-days in a day if the high temperature were 40°F and the low temperature were 0°F.a. For a base temperature of 65°F.b. For a base temperature of 60°F.c. For a base temperature of 55°F.
Calculate the number of simple degree-days in a day if the high temperature were 10°C and the low temperature were 0°C.a. For a base temperature of 18°C.b. For a base temperature of 15°C.c. For a base temperature of 12°C.
Calculate the number of simple degree-days in a day if the high temperature were 70°F and the low temperature were 50°F.a. For a base temperature of 65°F.b. For a base temperature of 60°F.c. For a base temperature of 55°F.
Calculate the number of degree-days in a 30-day month if every day had an average daily temperature of 30°F.a. For a base temperature of 65°F.b. For a base temperature of 60°F.c. For a base temperature of 55°F.
Calculate the number of degree-days in a 30-day month if every day had an average daily temperature of 10°C.a. For a base temperature of 18°C.b. For a base temperature of 15°C.c. For a base temperature of 12°C.
A building has a 9 ft deep basement (foundation) wall that is 160 ft long. The wall has no windows. On average, 8 ft of the wall is below grade (underground). Assume an outside air temperature of 10°F, an inside temperature of 70°F, and an average ground temperature of 45°F.a. Determine the rate
A building has a 2.4 m deep basement (foundation) wall that is 100 m long. The wall has no windows. On average, 2.1 m of the wall is below grade (underground). Assume the outside air temperature is - 10°C, the inside temperature is 20°C, and the average ground temperature is 10°C.a. Determine
A commercial building is built on a slab on grade foundation that is a 120 ft by 48 ft rectangular shape. Assume the outside design temperature is 5°F. Determine the rate of heat loss through the exterior edge of a concrete slab.a. For an uninsulated slab edge perimeter.b. For a slab edge
A commercial building is built on a slab on grade foundation that is a 40 m by 18 m rectangular shape. Assume the outside design temperature is 15°C. Determine the rate of heat loss through the exterior edge of a concrete slab.a. For an uninsulated slab edge perimeter.b. For a slab edge perimeter
Calculate the rate of infiltration heat loss of a room with a 380 ft2 floor area and 10 ft high ceilings. Use an inside temperature of 72°F, an outside ambient temperature of -5°F. Assume the heat capacity of air is 0.018 Btu/ ft3°F. Base the analysis on the following hourly air exchange
Calculate the rate of infiltration heat loss of a room with a 42 m2 floor area and 4 m high ceilings. Use an inside temperature of 21°C and an outside ambient temperature of -15°C. Assume the heat capacity of air is 0.35 W/m3・°C. Base the analysis on the following hourly air exchange rates:a.
A college lecture auditorium is designed for an occupancy of 300 persons. The ASHRAE Standard calls for a minimum outside airflow rate for classrooms of 15 cfm per person. The target inside design temperature is 74°F and the outside design temperature is -5°F. Determine the sensible heating load
A college lecture auditorium is designed for an occupancy of 300 persons. The ASHRAE Standard calls for a minimum outside airflow rate for classrooms of 2 L/s per person. The target inside design temperature is 22°C and the outside design temperature is -15°C. Determine the sensible heating load
A building has a heat loss of 100 MBtu/hr at design conditions at the geographical location where you reside.Calculate fuel consumed over the heating season at the geographical location where you reside. Base your analysis on the following fuels and efficiencies:a. Natural gas (80% efficiency)b.
For the office building in the preceding table, compute the following for 2006:a. Monthly natural gas consumption based on Btu/ft2 of floor area.b. Annual natural gas consumption based on Btu/ft2 of floor area.c. Monthly natural gas consumption normalized for weather conditions (degree-days), based
A building has a heat loss of 100 MJ/hr at design conditions at the geographical location where you reside. Calculate fuel consumed over the heating season at the geographical location where you reside. Base your analysis on the following fuels and efficiencies:a. Natural gas (80% efficiency)b.
For the office building in the preceding table, compute the following for 2007:a. Monthly natural gas consumption based on Btu/ft2 of floor area.b. Annual natural gas consumption based on Btu/ft2 of floor area.c. Monthly natural gas consumption normalized for weather conditions (degree-days), based
Calculate the heat loss for the residence in Appendix D on a room-by-room basis. Assume the residence will be built at the geographical location where you reside.Residence in Appendix D 988 FRONT ELEVATION
Calculate the heat loss for a top-floor apartment and an apartment that is below the top floor, using the apartment building in Appendix A. Assume the apartment will be built at the geographical location where you reside.Apartment building in Appendix A BEDROOM
Describe the factors that must be considered when determining heat gain in buildings.
Define sensible and latent heat.
Describe a ton of refrigeration.

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Mechanical And Electrical Systems In Architecture Engineering And Construction 5th Edition Frank R Dagostino, Joseph B Wujek - Solutions

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