Describe a hybridization scheme for the central S atom in the molecule SF₄ that is consistent with the geometric shape pictured in Table 10.1. Which orbitals of the S atom are involved in overlaps, and which are occupied by lone-pair electrons?

Table 10.1

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TABLE 10.1 Molecular Geometry as a Function of Electron-Group Geometry Number of Electron Groups 2 3 4 5 6 Electron- Group Geometry linear trigonal planar trigonal planar tetrahedral tetrahedral tetrahedral trigonal bipyramidal trigonal bipyramidal trigonal bipyramidal trigonal bipyramidal octahedral octahedral octahedral Number of Lone Pairs 0 0 1 1 2 0 AX4 1 2 3 Molecular VSEPR Notation Geometry 0 AX₂ AX3 0 AX5 2 AX₂E AX₂E AX₂E₂ AX₂Eb AX₂E2 AX₂E3 AX6 1 AX-E AX4E2 (linear) X (trigonal planar) X X (bent) (tetrahedral) .. X (trigonal pyramidal) (bent) X X (seesaw) X X (trigonal bipyramidal) X (linear) (T-shaped) X X +4+ (octahedral) X X (square pyramidal) (square planar) Ideal Bond Angles Example 180⁰ 120⁰ 120⁰ 109.5⁰ 109.5⁰ 109.5⁰ NH3 90° 180° BeCl₂ 90° BF3 90⁰, 120° PC15 90° SO₂ 90⁰, 120° SF4 90° CH4 OH₂ CIF₁ XeF₂ SF6 BrF5 XeF4 Carey B. Van Loon Carey B. Van Loon Carey B. Van Loon Carey B. Van Loon Carey B. Van Loon