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study help
life sciences
campbell biology
Questions and Answers of
Campbell Biology
Choose six of the mammals in the table and look up the data for each. Enter your results in the blank column. (Don’t forget to write in a column heading.)
For the resource you selected, answer the following questions:• Who is your audience?• How do you expect people will use this resource?• What are their likely questions?• What information can
Following figure shows a fossil of footprints made by an anthracosaur, an amphibian from the Upper Carboniferous. We can calculate the magnification of this image because we know that the scale bar
Optional. Conduct the experiment you designed using the software provided in Chapter 41, Investigation: What Role Does Amylase Play in Digestion? found on MasteringBiology. Turn in a screen capture
In the following table, indicate the results you would expect if your hypothesis were not supported (use “1” and “2” for the test indicator that you chose).Benedict’sTest Tube 1Test Tube
In the following table, indicate the results you would expect if your hypothesis were supported (use “1” and “2” for the test indicator that you chose).Benedict’sTest Tube 1Test Tube 2
Are any of these characters shared by all five taxa?
Provide a hypothesis about the length of gestation with respect to the animals involved. For example, the larger the typical litter, the shorter the gestation period.MammalApproximate Length of
What single data column would you add to Table 7.2 to help you test your hypothesis?
All five characters are present in which taxon? (A) (B) (C) (G) (H)
Fill in the worksheet in the following figure to estimate the relative effectiveness of these two different population control methods. The Chicken or the Egg Worksheet Find the differences in
Suggest some reasons for the absence today of dog-size amphibians, tree-size club mosses, and giant dragonflies.
List five other terrestrial organisms (not listed elsewhere in this case) that likely lived during the Carboniferous. Include organisms from at least three kingdoms. You may use common names.
Which of these gull control methods is more effective?
How long ago was the Carboniferous?
Consider the use of cyclopamine as a chemotherapeutic agent in cases of spontaneous BCC. Researchers discovered that this cancer results from a mutation of Patched. If cyclopamine was approved for
What can you conclude from these results?
Population growth is greatly influenced by environmental factors. The activities of a human population impact nearby gull populations. For example, the potential for collisions between aircraft and
The secondary antibody includes a fluorescent marker in its tail region. Why?
Consider reasons why differences in these gull populations occur. List three ways that the environment in which the birds live could affect their rates of reproduction.
Consider the antibodies for hedgehog proteins listed in the following table. Which one of these primary antibodies would you choose for the experiment described earlier? Why?
1. Molecular sequence data are helpful, but these data should be considered carefully. Molecules change over time at different rates. Some are quite highly conserved. Certainly any tree based on a
If you were asked to test this hypothesis, which technique do you think would be more useful Western blots or immunohistochemistry? Explain your choice.
Review the data in the following table.a. Are the four gull populations all increasing in size at the same rate? Explain.b. Which rates are the most similar?c. While doing further research on gull
How could this lead to cancer?
Is there any behavioral significance to the product’s feature that allows for playing distress calls in random sequence?
Choose one of the claims and briefly describe an experiment that would test its validity.
What are three biological claims in this advertisement?
Describe the experimental results that would support your hypothesis.
List 3 variables that you will control.
Choose data from two stations, one from the upper Chesapeake Bay and one from the lower Chesapeake Bay near the ocean. Click on the icon to open the stations site. Look at the following
At the first meeting, the artists from Wall Works gave the biology students a list of organisms from their image files. Please evaluate whether or not the organisms listed in the following table
At the Eyes on the Bay website, examine differences in salinity across the Chesapeake Bay by first switching to “full-screen map” and then running your cursor over the red square icons and
List four animal phyla that you would expect to find living in the aquatic environments of the Carboniferous including swamps and oceans.
One methodology that has proven useful in developing cladograms is to include a taxon that is less related to the other taxa. This “outgroup” is assumed to have ancestral forms of the characters
Which of these two control methods would you advocate? Explain your choice.
List three characters that you could observe in living whales that white-tailed deer or other even-toed ungulates do not seem to share.
List 3 variables that you will control.
During fermentation in yeast, alcohol dehydrogenase catalyzes a reaction that breaks down acetaldehyde into ethanol and regenerates NAD1. This is the reverse of the reaction catalyzed by the enzyme
Refer to the hedgehog pathway diagram (See the following figure) and explain what happens when the Patched protein is nonfunctional. (a) (b) Hedgehog ligand (Shh) When Shh binds at Ptch, Smo is
Describe the experiment.a. What will the treatment(s) be? Which animals will receive each treatment?b. What will you measure as the response to the treatment?
Treatment for methanol ingestion involves giving the patient an alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor. Explain why this is helpful.
Restate the question being studied as a testable hypothesis.
What is oxidized and reduced in this reaction? Explain.
Design an experiment to examine the following question. Is the response to distress calls (moving away from the area) learned in herring gulls? Materials: You will have access to newly hatched,
Consumption of methanol can be fatal because alcohol dehydrogenase converts methanol to formaldehyde, a highly toxic substance that can cause the death of cells in the human body. Formaldehyde is the
You observe that some gulls continue to respond to taped distress calls when no danger is present. Do you think that these gulls are more or less fit than those that stop responding to such calls?
Briefly describe what you can learn about a target protein by using each of these two techniques.
Explain why ethanol is considered an electron donor in this redox reaction.
Birds other than this gull species ignore the taped distress calls.a. What might account for the observed behavior in the other birds?b. Researchers switched young of one species of bird with those
Draw molecules of ethanol and acetaldehyde.
Do you think molecular sequence data are helpful characters to use to infer phylogenetic relationships? What concerns might you have if a tree were based on a single molecule?
To preserve flavor in modern times, brewed soy sauces are not boiled but are pasteurized (heated to a temperature of about 60°C [140°F]) before being bottled. Pasteurized soy sauce tastes better
Does either tree in Figure 4.10 support hypothesis B in tree B? Explain. 125 rDNA k-casein
Bottled soy sauce does not taste the same as fresh soy sauce. What do you think causes this change?
Explain how an antibody is able to recognize a specific antigen. (Include an explanation of an epitope in your answer.)
The same species of gull resumes its response to the tape when dead gulls are displayed in the immediate area of the sound.a. What might account for the change in the gulls’ response?b. Do you
Which of the trees based on molecular sequence data shown in Figure 4.10 supports hypothesis A in tree B? Explain. 125 rDNA k-casein
When the soy sauce was not boiled before it was bottled, the bottles sometimes burst during the voyage. What do you think caused this?
A year later, the same species of gull remains when the tape plays.a. What might account for the change in the gulls’ response?b. Do you think this response is primarily learned or primarily
Which of the trees based on molecular sequence data shown in Figure 4.10 supports hypothesis A in tree B? Explain.
Explain why placing soy sauce in airtight bottles was more successful for long-distance shipping than simply placing the sauce in barrels.
Only one species of gull leaves the area when the tape plays.a. Explain the gulls’ response.b. Do you think this response is primarily learned or primarily genetic? Explain.c. Could the call be
What does hypothesis D tell us about the relationship between perissodactyls and artiodactyls?
Why do you think the alcohol levels increase more rapidly in one of the containers? Use data from Day 3.75 to support your hypothesis.
Tree thinking is a term biologists use to describe the process of approaching biological problem solving by considering the role of descent with modification based on phylogenetic evidence. This can
Assuming alcohol level affects the growth of yeast, which yeast has a higher tolerance for alcohol? At approximately what percentage alcohol do the two yeast populations in the different containers
Use of adult stem cells is well accepted; however, these cells have limited use as donor cells. Human embryonic stem cells have greater potential uses in a wider variety of tissues; however, the use
Which tree shows whales and hippos sharing the closest relationship? hippos Tree A pigs ruminants carmels whales Perissodactyls odd-toed ungulates hippos Tree B whales ruminants pigs camols
A bottle of wine may spoil if it is allowed to sit for some time after being opened or if its cork does not form a tight seal. Explain what causes the wine to spoil under these conditions.
What is the hypothesized outgroup for both trees?
If you removed the alcohol as it was produced, would you predict an increase or a decrease in the amount of grape sugars at 10 days? An increase or decrease in the population of yeast at 10 days?
Molecular data can also be used to examine relationships between organisms, but the inaccessibility of comparative DNA samples for extinct taxa limits the usefulness of these data. Evidence for
What product of alcohol fermentation is not shown in the preceeding graph?
Raising horses is at best an artificial system in which the horse’s normal movement, choice of feed, population size, and breeding are restricted. What evolutionary implications might this have for
What molecules provide the earliest evidence that a cell is committed to a particular cell fate?
Can you estimate how much time passed between the development of character 2 and character 4? Explain.
Why isn’t the remaining grape sugar converted to ethanol and carbon dioxide?
How might the prosecuting attorney answer this argument?
Look at the complete group of taxa in Figure 4.2. Select a taxon with a morphological character (other than those you used in Table 4.1) that you think is a shared derived character. What makes it
Provide an example of how treatment with cultured embryonic stem cells could be used to supply cells for the repair of damaged or diseased organs in human patients.
Although well adapted for running, modern horses are susceptible to a foot condition called laminitis, a deterioration of connective tissues within the hoof (See following figure). Strong fibrous
An attorney defending a whale meat supplier accused of improperly labeling meat would most likely claim that the inferences drawn from the prosecution’s evidence were questionable. Provide a
Examine the following figure and fill in the information below.a. The grape sugar level starts at g and ends at
What kind of food did the extinct equid likely eat?
Divergence of cetacean species occurred within the last 50 to 65 million years (O’Leary and Geisler, 1999). Explain the difference between the use of a fragment of hypervariable mitochondrial DNA
Examine following figure. Compare the teeth of the extinct and extant equid jaws.
Phylogenetic trees are hypotheses that show a pattern of evolutionary relationships, based on analyses of multiple characters, for multiple taxa. A phylogenetic tree implies a chronological sequence
Describe why human adult stem cells from bone marrow are used to treat patients who have undergone radiation treatments.
Which cetacean does the unknown sample most closely match?
Summarize the changes in feeding habits, foot structure, and overall size of the animals depicted in Figure 25.29 on the one branch leading from Hyracotherium to Equus. The trends you see on this
Based on your reading in the case, why do you think vendors would substitute horse meat for whale meat in some of the Asian markets?
Why was it important for a systematist to identify the “known” cetacean species from which DNA was extracted and sequenced?
To gain an overview of over 50 million years of horse evolution, examine Figure 25.29, the branched evolution of horses (cladogenesis). At one time, horse evolution was often depicted as a straight
The researchers combined systematics with the use of biotechnology to do their forensic work. Define systematics.
a. To test your hypothesis, construct a line graph with the data from the table. What will be on the x-axis of the graph? What will be on the y-axis of the graph?b. Plot your graph in the space
What types of biotechnology techniques were used to investigate products sold as whale meat?
Use the character information from taxon F to redraw the cladogram (See the following figure). A 5. 1,3 2.
To what kinds of cells can adult bone marrow cells give rise?
Enter your observations of taxon F in table (a). These are the same five characters used in table (b).(a)(b) 2 Elongated Sepals Tubelike Petals Flower with Bilateral, Selected Taxa Leaves United
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