Questions and Answers of Principles of Genetics

Compare the sizes and structures of prokaryotic and eukaryotic chromosomes.
Distinguish between the haploid and diploid states. What types of cells are haploid? What types of cells are diploid?
What are the principal differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
All cells are surrounded by a membrane; some cells are surrounded by a wall. What are the differences between cell membranes and cell walls?
Carbohydrates and proteins are linear polymers. What types of molecules combine to form these polymers?
Hemophilia is an inherited disorder in which the bloodclotting mechanism is defective. Because of this defect, people with hemophilia may die from cuts or bruises, especially if internal organs such
Sickle-cell anemia is caused by a mutation in one of the codons in the gene for β-globin; because of this mutation, the sixth amino acid in the β-globin polypeptide is a valine instead of a
The gene for a-globin is present in all vertebrate species. Over millions of years, the DNA sequence of this gene has changed in the lineage of each species. Consequently, the amino acid sequence of
RNA is synthesized using DNA as a template. Is DNA ever synthesized using RNA as a template? Explain.
What is the difference between transcription and translation?
The template strand of a gene being transcribed is CTTGCCAGT. What will be the sequence of the RNA made from this template?
A gene contains 141 codons. How many nucleotides are present in the gene’s coding sequence? How many amino acids are expected to be present in the polypeptide encoded by this gene?
The sequence of a strand of DNA is ATTGCCGTC. If this strand serves as the template for DNA synthesis, what will be the sequence of the newly synthesized strand?
What is a genome?
Which bases are present in DNA? Which bases are present in RNA? Which sugars are present in each of these nucleic acids?
Both DNA and RNA are composed of nucleotides. What molecules combine to form a nucleotide?
In a few sentences, what were Mendel’s key ideas about inheritance?

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