Questions and Answers of Fundamentals Momentum Heat

Repeat the previous problem without the assumption that the velocity in the heating section is negligible. The ratio of the flow area of the heating section to the chimney flow area is R.Data From
A fluid of density Ï1enters a chamber where the fluid is heated so that the density decreases to Ï2The fluid then escapes through a vertical chimney that has a height L.
Water in an open cylindrical tank 15 ft in diameter discharges into the atmosphere through a nozzle 2 in. in diameter. Neglecting friction and the unsteadiness of the flow, find the time required for
Assume that the level of water in the tank remains the same and that there is no friction loss in the pipe, entrance, or nozzle. Determinea. The volumetric discharge rate from the nozzleb. The
In Problem 6.31, find the rate of discharge if the frictional head loss in the pipe is 3.2 v2/g where v is the flow velocity in the pipe.Data From Problem 6.31Referring to the figure, assume the flow
Referring to the figure, assume the flow to be friction less in the siphon. Find the rate of discharge in cubic feet per second, and the pressure head at B if the pipe has a uniform diameter of 1 in.
Air of density 1.21 kg/m3 is flowing as shown. If v = 15m/s, determine the readings on manometers (a) and (b) in the figures below.a.b. Air Н.о U- 24 m/s Oil S.G. = 0.86
Rework Problem 6.28 with the assumption that the momentum of the incoming air at section (1) is zero. Determine the exit velocity, v, and the magnitude of the pressure drop at section (1). Data
The figure illustrates the operation of an air lift pump. Compressed air is forced into a perforated chamber to mix with the water so that the specific gravity of the air€“water mixture
Water flows through the pipe contraction shown at a rate of 1 ft3/s. Calculate the differential manometer reading in inches of mercury, assuming no energy loss in the flow. Be sure to give the
Water flows steadily up the vertical pipe and is then deflected to flow outward with a uniform radial velocity. If friction is neglected, what is the flow rate of water through the pipe if the
A liquid is heated in a vertical tube of constant diameter, 15 m long. The flow is upward. At the entrance the average velocity is 1 m/s, the pressure 340,000 Pa, and the density is 1001 kg/m3. If
A 1968 Volkswagen sedan is driving over a 7300-ft-high mountain pass at a speed of v m/s into a headwind of W m/s. Compute the gage pressure in mPa at a point on the auto where the velocity relative
Residential water use, exclusive of fire protection, runs about 80 gallons per person per day. If the water is delivered to a residence at 60 psig, estimate the monthly energy required to pump the
The solution to 5.22 isShow that Bernoulli's equation applied between sections 1 and 2 does not give this result. Derive all expressions for the change in total head across a hydraulic jump. 1/2 hị
An €œair cushion€ vehicle is designed to traverse terrain while floating on a cushion of air. Air, supplied by a compressor, escapes through the clearing between the ground and
Multnomah Falls in Oregon has a sheer drop of 165 m. Estimate the change in water temperature caused by this drop.
Determine the head loss between stations (1) and (2) in Problem 5.7.Data From Problem 5.7Oil (sp. gr. = 0.8) flows smoothly through the circular reducing section shown at 3 ft3/s. If the entering and
In order to maneuver a large ship while docking, pumps are used to issue a jet of water perpendicular to the bow of the ship as shown in the figure. The pump inlet is located far enough away from the
Using the data of Problem 6.27, determine the velocity head of the fluid leaving the impeller. What pressure rise would result from such a velocity head?Data From Problem 6.27Water flows through the
In the previous problem, determine the flow rate at which the pump inlet pressure is equal to the vapor pressure of the water. Assume that friction causes a head loss of 4 ft. The vapor pressure of
The pump shown in the figure delivers water at 59°F at a rate of 550 gal/min. The inlet pipe has an inside diameter of 5.95 in. and it is 10 ft long. The inlet pipe is submerged 6 ft into the
Water is discharged from a 1.0-cm-diameter nozzle that is inclined at a 30° angle above the horizontal. If the jet strikes the ground at a horizontal distance of 3.6 m and a vertical distance of
An automobile is driving into a 45-mph headwind at 40 mph. If the barometer reads 29 in. Hg and the temperature is 40°F, what is the pressure at a point on the auto where the wind velocity is 120
The pressurized tank shown has a circular cross section of 6 ft in diameter. Oil is drained through a nozzle 2 in. in diameter in the side of the tank. Assuming that the air pressure is maintained
A Venturi meter with an inlet diameter of 0.6 m is designed to handle 6 m3/s of standard air. What is the required throat diameter if this flow is to give a reading of 0.10 m of alcohol in a
In Problem 6.26, compute the upward force on the device from water and air. Use the results of Problem 6.26 as well as any other data given in that problem that you may need. Explain why you cannot
A liquid flows from A to B in a horizontal pipe line shown at a rate of 3 ft3/s with a friction loss of 0.45 ft of flowing fluid. For a pressure head at B of 24 in., what will be the pressure head at
For fully developed turbulent flow over a flat plate of length L, the local Sherwood number at position x(0 < x ‰¤ L) is estimated byDevelop an expression for the average Sh over
Find the change in temperature between stations (1) and (2) in terms of the quantities A1, A3, v1, v3, cv, and Î¸. The internal energy is given by cvT . The fluid is water and T1= T3, P1=
A fan draws air from the atmosphere through a 0.30-m diameter round duct that has a smoothly rounded entrance. A differential manometer connected to an opening in the wall of the duct shows a vacuum
During the test of a centrifugal pump, a Bourdon pressure gage just outside the casing of the 12-in.-diameter suction pipe reads -6 psig (i.e., vacuum). On the 10-in.-diameter discharge pipe, another
Boundary-layer analysis for fluid flow over a flat plate predicts the following relationships between the local Sherwood (Shx), Reynolds (Re), and Schmidt (Sc) numbers:with the transition beginning
During the flow of 200 ft3/s of water through the hydraulic turbine shown, the pressure indicated by gage A is 12 psig. What should gage B read if the turbine is delivering 600 hp at 82% efficiency?
Water flows through a 2-in.-diameter horizontal pipe at a flow rate of 35 gal/min. The heat transfer to the pipe can be neglected, and frictional forces result in a pressure drop of 10 psi. What is
Air at 70°F, Flows into a 10-ft3 reservoir at a velocity of 110 fps. If the reservoir pressure is 14 psig and the reservoir temperature 70°F, find the rate of temperature increase in the reservoir.
In a manufacturing process, an organic solvent (methyl ethyl ketone, MEK) is used to dissolve a thin coating of a polymer film away from a nonporous flat surface of length 20 cm and width 10 cm, as
Sea water, p = 1025 kg/m3, flows through a pump at 0:21 m3/s. The pump inlet is 0.25 m in diameter. At the inlet the pressure is -0.15 m of mercury. The pump outlet, 0.152 m in diameter, is 1.8 m
The velocity profile in the annular control volume of Example 3 is approximately linear, varying from a velocity of zero at the outer boundary to a value of ωd/2 at the inner boundary. Develop an
A water jet at 60°F with a flow rate of 250 ft3/s and a velocity of 75 ft/s hits a stationary V-shaped splitter such that half of the fluid is directed upward and the other half is directed
Benzene is flowing at steady state through the nozzle shown below at 80°F and at a constant flow rate of 3 ft3/sec. Note that the nozzle exit is at an angle of 50 degrees as shown. At the inlet
Water at 100°C flows through a 10 cm diameter pipe that has a 180 degree vertical turn as shown in the figure below. The volumetric flow rate is constant at 0.2 m3/s. The absolute pressure at
The horizontal Y-fitting (see figure on the next page) splits 80°F water into two equal parts. The first part goes through Exit 1 and the second part goes through Exit 2 (as shown in the figure).
You have been given a project where you must attach a particular reducing pipe fitting into a Freon-12 delivery system. Freon-12 is a potentially hazardous material so you must be certain that the
The illustration above (next column) shows a vane with a turning angle Î¸ that moves with a steady speed vc. The vane receives a jet that leaves a fixed nozzle with speed v.a. Assume that the vane
Water flows at 30 gal/min through the 0.75-in.-diameter double-pipe bend. The pressures are p1= 30 lbf/in.2and p2= 24 lbf/in.2. Compute the torque T at point B necessary to keep the pipe from
The pipe shown below has a slit of thickness 1/4 in. so shaped that a sheet of water of uniform thickness 1/4 in. issues out radially from the pipe. The velocity is constant along the pipe as shown
A lawn sprinkler consists of two sections of curved pipe rotating about a vertical axis as shown. The sprinkler rotates with an angular velocity Ï‰, and the effective discharge area is A,
A water sprinkler consists of two 1/2-in. diameter jets at the ends of a rotating hollow rod as shown. If the water leaves at 20 fps, what torque would be necessary to hold the sprinkler in place?
In Problem 5-27 determinea. The angle Î¸1such that the entering flow is parallel to the vanesb. The axial load on the shaft if the shaft diameter is 1 in. and the pressure at the pump inlet is
Sea water, Ï = 64 lbm/ft3, flows through the impeller of a centrifugal pump at the rate of 800 gal/min. Determine the torque exerted on the impeller by the fluid and the power required to
A liquid column of height h is confined in a vertical tube of cross-sectional area A by a stopper. At t = 0, the stopper is suddenly removed, exposing the bottom of the liquid to atmospheric
An open tank L ft long as shown below travels to the right at a velocity vcfps. A jet of area Ajexhausts fluid of density r at a velocity vjfps relative to the car. The tank car, at the same time,
An open tank car as shown travels to the right at a uniform velocity of 4.5 m/s. At the instant shown the car passes under a jet of water issuing from a stationary 0.1-m-diameter pipe with a velocity
For the pipe-flow-reducing section D1= 8 cm, D2= 5 cm, and p2= 1 atm. If v1= 5 m/s and the manometer reading is h = 58 cm, estimate the total force resisted by the flange bolts. Water Hg
As can often be seen in a kitchen sink when the faucet is running, a high-speed channel flow (v1, h1) may €œjump€ to a low-speed, low-energy condition (v2, h2). The pressure at
A liquid of density r flows through a sluice gate as shown. The upstream and downstream flows are uniform and parallel, so that the pressure variations at stations 1 and 2 may be considered hydro
A dam discharge into a channel of constant width as shown. It is observed that a region of still water backs up behind the jet to a height H. The velocity and height of the flow in the channel are
Water flows in a pipe at 3 m/s. A valve at the end of the pipe is suddenly closed. Determine the pressure rise in the pipe.
The pressure on the control volume illustrated below is constant. The x components of velocity are as illustrated. Determine the force exerted on the cylinder by the fluid. Assume in-compressible
The rocket nozzle shown below consists of three welded sections. Determine the axial stress at junctions 1 and 2 when the rocket is operating at sea level. The mass flow rate is 770 lbm/s. 3
Water flows steadily through the horizontal 30° pipe bend shown below. At station 1, the diameter is 0.3 m, the velocity is 12 m/s, and the pressure is 128 kPa gage. At station 2, the diameter is
Consider the differential control volume shown below. By applying the conservation of mass and the momentum theorem, show that dP + pv dv + g dy = 0 Р2, Р2я V2, A2 Дs (1) Ду P1, P1 V1, A1
If the shock-wave velocity in Problem 5-13 is approximated by the speed of sound, determine the pressure change causing a velocity change of 10 fps ina. Air at standard conditionsb. WaterData From
The shock wave illustrated below is moving to the right at vwfps. The properties in front and in back of the shock are not a function of time. By using the illustrated control volume, show that the
A plate moves perpendicularly toward a discharging jet at the rate of 5 fps. The jet discharges water at the rate of 3 ft3/s and a speed of 30 fps. Find the force of the fluid on the plate and
A steady, in-compressible, friction less, two-dimensional jet of fluid with breadth h, velocity v, and unit width impringes on a flat plate held at an angle a to its axis. Gravitational forces are to
If the plate shown is inclined at an angle as shown, what are the forces Fxand Fynecessary to maintain its position? The flow is friction less. 4 3 v = 100 fps - Fx m = 2 slugs/s Fy
A water jet pump has an area Aj= 0.06 ft2and a jet velocity vj= 90 fps, which entrains a secondary stream of water having a velocity vs= 10 fps in a constant-area pipe of total area A = 0.6 ft2. At
At the end of a water pipe of 3-in. diameter is a nozzle that discharges a jet having a diameter of 1 1/2 in into the open atmosphere. The pressure in the pipe is 60 psig (pounds per square inch
Oil (sp. gr. = 0.8) flows smoothly through the circular reducing section shown at 3 ft3/s. If the entering and leaving velocity profiles are uniform, estimate the force that must be applied to the
The pump in the boat shown pumps 6 ft3/s of water through a submerged water passage, which has an area of 0.25 ft2at the bow of the boat and 0.15 ft2at the stern. Determine the tension in the
a. Determine the magnitude of the x and y components of the force exerted on the fixed blade shown by a 3-ft3/s jet of water flowing at 25 fps.b. If the blade is moving to the right at 15 fps, find
A stationary jet engine is shown. Air with a density of 0.0805 lb/ft3enters as shown. The inlet and outlet cross sectional areas are both 10.8 ft2. The mass of fuel consumed is 2% of the mass of air
Rework Problem 5-1 if the exit velocity profile is given bywhen y is measure vertically from the center line of the water tunnel.Data From Problem 5.1A two-dimensional object is placed in a 4-ft-wide
If, in the system for Problem 5-1, the total drag on the object is measured to be 800 N/m of length normal to the direction of flow, and frictional forces at the walls are neglected, find the
A horizontal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) reactor similar to the configuration shown in Example 3, Figure 28.6 will be used for growth of gallium arsenide (GaAs) thin films. In this process,
A two-dimensional object is placed in a 4-ft-wide water tunnel as shown. The upstream velocity, v1is uniform across the cross section. For the downstream velocity profile as shown, find the value of
A well-mixed tank initially contains pure water. The tank has inlet and outlet ports both with a diameter of 1 cm, and the inlet port is 20 cm above the outlet port. Into the tank through the inlet
Rework Problem 4.14 if the plates are circular and have radius L.Data From Problem 4.14Two very long parallel plates of length 2L are separated a distance b. The upper plate moves downward at a
An in-compressible fluid flows past a flat plate, as in the figure below, with a uniform inlet profile and a polynomial exit profileCompute the volume flow Q across the top surface of the control
The velocity profile in circular pipe is given by v = vmax(1 - r/R)1/7, where R is the radius of the pipe. Find the average velocity in the pipe in terms of vmax.
The velocities in a circular duct of 20-in. diameter were measured as follows:Find (a) the average velocity; (b) the flow rate in cubic feet per second. Velocity Distance from Velocity Distance from
Using the velocity vector of the previous problem, determine (a) the equation of the streamline passing through point (2, 1); (b) the volume of flow that crosses a plane surface connecting points (1,
If the nitrogen tank in the figure below is at a pressure of 4500 lbf/ft2and the entire system is at 100°F, calculate the pressure at the bottom of the tank of glycerin. Freon 2 ft 12 ft Nitrogen
The maximum blood pressure in the upper arm of a healthy person is about 120 mm Hg (this is a gauge pressure). If a vertical tube open to the atmosphere is connected to the vein in the arm of a
A large industrial waste collection tank contains butyl alcohol, benzene, and water at 80Â°F that have separated into three distinct phases as shown in the figure. The diameter of the circular tank
A cubical piece of wood with an edge L in length floats in the water. The specific gravity of the wood is 0.90. What moment M is required to hold the cube in the position shown? The right hand edge
The float in a toilet tank is a sphere of radius R and is made of a material with density p. An upward buoyant force F is required to shut the ballcock valve. The density of water is designated pw.
The dam shown below is 100 m wide. Determine the magnitude and location of the force on the inclined surface. Water 128 m at 27°C –96 m–
The figure below shows an open triangular channel in which the two sides, AB and AC, are held together by cables, spaced 1 m apart, between B and C. Determine the cable tension. -Cable Water 8 m +6
The circular gate ABC has a 1 m radius and is hinged at B. Neglecting atmospheric pressure, determine the force P just sufficient to keep the gate from opening when h = 12 m. Pa Pa Water 1 m B 1 m
A watertight bulkhead 22 ft high forms a temporary dam for some construction work. The top 12 ft behind the bulkhead consists of sea water with a density of 2 slugs/ft3, but the bottom 10 ft begin a
It is desired to use a 0.75-m diameter beach ball to stop a drain in a swimming pool. Obtain an expression that relates the drain diameter D and the minimum water depth h for which the ball will
A dam spillway gate holds back water of depth h. The gate weights 500 1b/ft and is hinged at A. At what depth of water will the gate rise and permit water to flow under it? 15 ft CG 6 ft 60°, 10 ft
A rectangular block of concrete 3 ft × 3 ft × 6 in. has its 6- in. side half buried at the bottom of a lake 23 ft deep. What force is required to lift the block free of the bottom? What force is
A circular log of radius r is to be used as a barrier as shown in the figure below. If the point of contact is at O, determine the required density of the log.
Find the minimum value of h for which the gate shown will rotate counterclockwise if the gate cross section is (a) rectangular, 4 ft Ã— 4 ft; (b) triangular, 4 ft at the base
Glass viewing windows are to be installed in an aquarium. Each window is to be 0.6 m in diameter and to be centered 2 m below the surface level. Find the force and location of the force acting on the
The tank is accelerated upward at a uniform rate. Does the manometer level go up or down? P = 2 psig

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