2. The continuous timing method is used to direct time study a manual task cycle consisting of four elements: a, b, c, and d. Two parts are produced each cycle. Element d is an irregular element performed once every six cycles. All elements were performance rated at 90%. The PFD allowance is 11%. Determine (a) the normalized time for the cycle and (b) the standard time per part. (c) If the worker completes 844 parts in an 8-hour shift during which she works 7 hours and 10 min, what is the worker's efficiency? Element a b d Observed time (min) 0.35 0.60 0.86 1.46