3. The continuous timing method in a direct time study was used to obtain the times for a worker-machine task as indicated in the Table below. Element e is a machine-controlled element and element d is an operator internal element. Elements a, b, c and fare operator-controlled element that are external to the machine. All the operator controlled elements were performance rated at 90%. : Element b f Observed time (min) 0.24 0.42 1.10 1.31 1.77 2.12 a d (a) Calculate the normal cycle time and the standard time for producing one part using a machine allowance of 14%, and PFD allowance of 16%. (b) If one part is produced each cycle how many parts will be produced in an 8 hour shift based on the standard cycle time? (c) What is the efficiency of the operator who produced 230 parts during one shift