13 The snapback timing method in direct time study was used to obtain the times for a workermachine task. The recorded times are listed in the table below. Element c is a machinecontrolled element and the time is constant. Elements a,b, and d are operator-controlled and were performance rated at 90%. Elements a and b are external to machine-controlled element c. Element d is internal to the machine element. The machine allowance is zero, and the PFD allowance is 13%. Determine (a) the normal time and (b) the standard time for the cycle. The worker's actual time spent working during an 8-hour shift was 7.08 hours, and he produced 420 units of output during this time. Determine (c) the worker's performance during the operator-controlled portions of the cycle and (d) the worker's efficiency during this shift