Answer BOTH parts a$)$ and b$).$

a$)$ Molecule $5$ is converted in a single, palladium$-$catalysed reaction into

product $a$

i$)$ What feature does molecule $5$ have so that the hydrogen shown in

bold can be substituted in a palladium$-$catalysed reaction? Draw the

palladium$-$containing intermediate to illustrate the discussion.

ii$)$ Which compounds $/$ reagents are required to obtain product $6$ from

$5?$

iii$)$ Product $6$ is a chiral compound. How would you modify the

palladium$-$catalysed reaction to obtain an enantiomerically enriched

product?

b$)$ Devise a synthesis of the racemic target molecule $7$ from phenol $8.$ Other

simple starting materials are also required $($containing seven or less

carbon atoms and one functional group$).$ Include a clear retrosynthetic

analysis.