Buff Tech, Inc. sells computer components and plans to borrow some money to expand. The company has a 12/31 year-end. After reading about earnings management (refer back to Chapter 4), Bucky, the owner has decided he should try to accelerate some sales to improve his financial statement ratios. He has called his best customers and asked them to make their usual January purchases and take delivery of the goods by December 31. He told the customers he would allow them until the end of February to pay for the purchases, just as if they had made the purchases in January.

Note: For revenue recognition purposes, the performance obligation was satisfied by 12/31.

Question:

What are the ethical implications of this plan? What ratios will be improved by accelerating these sales? What about future implications?

(p) All Markov chains must have a finite number of states. (q) All irreducible Markov chains must have a finite number of states. (r) All irreducible Markov chains are periodic. (s) All irreducible Markov chains are aperiodic. (t) All discrete-time Markov chains are irreducible.4. Consider the Markov chain X" = {X,} with state space S = {0, 1, 2, ...} and transition probabilities 1 ifj=i-1 Puj = 10 otherwise , for i 2 1 and Poo = 0, Poj = for j > 1. (a) Is this Markov chain irreducible? Determine the period for every state. (b) Is the Markov chain recurrent or transient? Explain. (c) Is the Markov chain positive recurrent? If so, compute the sta- tionary probability distribution. (d) For each state i, what is the expected number of steps to return to state i if the Markov chain X starts at state i? 5. Consider a Markov chain X = {X} with state space S = {0, 1, 2, ...} and transition probability matrix 0 1 0 0 P 0 0 P = O p 0 q 0 0 . . . 0 0 P 0 4 0 Here p > 0, q > 0 and p+q =1. Determine when the chain is positive recurrent and compute its stationary distribution.public void actionPerformed (ActionEvent e) TextField of - (JTextField)e.getSource(); try int '1 = Integer.parseInt (ti. getText()), if (i