Bureaucratic control

Behavior control

Output control

$q,$

$q,$ Normative control

$q,$ Concertive control

$q,$ Self$-$control

A$.$ Emily paints for a living and loves it$.$ She decides how many paintings she will create in any given time period and what kinds of paintings they will be$.$ Fortunately, Emily has the discipline to paint even when she doesn't feel like it$,$ and she has produced many pieces of art that have sold for good prices on the open market.

B$.$ Speed is the name of the game when you are picking apples$-$the more you pick, the more you get paid. Gustavo receives $$13$ per box. He and his coworkers know that if they pick fewer than five boxes a day, they will be asked to leave the orchard.

C$.$ Professors rarely receive formal performance reviews. Part of the reason is that it's not always easy to measure behaviors and outputs that advance knowledge. Fortunately, the professors at State $U$ have a strong belief in the value of good teaching and good research. They don't need an administrator telling them if they've done well on the joball they need is the satisfaction that comes from knowing that they've acted in accordanc with their love of knowledge and their fields. Colleges are very careful about whom they hire as professors. They want only those people who truly care about their fields and their students.

Police work is changing. More and more police departments today are implementing community policing practices: working with the public to create a safer environment for all. For this reason, performance evaluations for police officers are starting to include criteria such as helpfulness and friendliness, which are measures of actions, not outcomes.

Most students know that class teams have their own distinct personalities. Professors often give class teams a lot of autonomy in completing their projects, and sometimes teams form close bonds around common values. When this happens, teams are a joy to experience. There's no need for management$-$everyone just does what it takes to get the job done in the way that matches the team's values and beliefs.

Creativity is terrific, but sometimes creativity can go too far. Izzy's Ice Cream is known for its unusual flavors, but last week, the employees came up with something called Poop. Sure, it was just chocolate ice cream, but Izzy had to tell his workers, $"$No naming ice cream after bodily functions!"