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27. Problems are usually classified as one of three types: A. programmed, nonprogrammed, and hybrid B. nonprogrammed, routine, and hybrid C. opportunity, crisis, and routine D. opportunity, crisis, and procedural 28. A manager states "Our problem is a 32-percent decline in sales." The manager has A. been influenced by selective perception B. identified a symptom as the problem C.defined the solution for the problem B-Identified a symptom D. stated the problem in a quantitative and therefore measurable fashion 29. Scenario analysis is A. an intense examination of changes in the external environment B. a method used to develop contingency plans. C. a means to focus management attention on past practices to find the best solution D. a processes to help 30. Risk describes A. the situation when the decision maker has no knowledge of outcome probabilities English (United States) Focus 12390 X DIA v 10 0.33" Alt Arrange 2" L WordArt Text les Styles D. UW WieLance to Change Text Format Pane 34. Cindy believes that a proposal will not increase profitability but will in fact increase costs and decrease profit potential. Cindy lobbies against the change. This form of resistance to change would be classified as A. parochial self-interest B. misunderstanding and lack of trust C. different assessments D. low tolerance for change 35. Which of the following is not an effective to decrease employee resistance to change? A. Education and communication B. Negotiation and agreement C. Manipulation D. None of the above I 36. When external change agents are charged with the diagnosis of the problem within the change model A. they often become immersed in theory and various conceptual frameworks that are less realistic than the managers would like B. they often tend to see each problem separately C. due to experience typically are better than top managers D. A and B 37. The attitude survey is a useful diagnostic approach if the potential focus of change is A. small units within the organization LE English (United States) Focus