please chose the write answer then briefly justified by explaining (in a 1-line sentence) your rationale for picking that choice as the answer , you may also explain your answer choice with an example to illustrate your rationale.

1. The unique identification number that a firm uses to distinguish its products in its inventory system and to order new stock when its numbers are depleted is called its: a. distinct stock size. b. universal parcel code. c. order quantity code. d. stock keeping unit. e. independent stock code. 2. Which of the following is not a characteristic of the growth stage of product life cycle? a. widespread distribution for products to reach markets b. growing proportion of initial purchasers would like to be repeat customers c. harvesting of offerings begins to occur d. profit margins could increase as sales forecasts improve e. none of the above 3. A product line is a group of products that are closely related because they , are used together, are sold to a similar customer group, are distributed through similar types of outlets, fall within a certain price range. a. satisfy a similar class of needs b. have the same length of warranty c. are sold to all kinds of people and organizations d. all require high levels of R&D e. always have the same brand 4. A product in the introduction stage of the product life cycle should have which of the following marketing objectives? a. to gain awareness and stimulate trial b. to stress differentiation c. to maintain brand loyalty d. to gain as much distribution as possible e. to reveal a marketing niche 5. Prego recently introduced a Pasta Bake Sauce, which was made so that it was not necessary to precook the pasta before blending pasta, sauce, meat, and cheese in a casserole. Legally, this product would only be considered new: a. for the first six months that it was regularly available. b. until a competitor had issued a similar product targeted to the same market. c. as long it retained these exact product characteristics. d. until every member of its target audience was aware of its existence. e. until its advertising had reached every member of its target audience. 6. In a typical services setting, the component refers to the facilities, amenities, layout, and aesthetics of the service: a. satisfaction b. servicescape c. core service d. employee service e. moment of truth 7. Among the many apparels that Zodiac Clothings Corp. makes, its paisley-design ties, which people buy for gifting to friends, represent a: a. product class. b. product mix. c. product line. d. marketing mix. e. product category. 8. The clubhouse that a subdivision developer had custom designed and built in his development to attract more new home buyers would be an example of a(n): a. production good. b. accessory equipment. c. supply. d. specialty good. e. installation. 9. Campbell Soup Company for years exhausted their market potential with wide variety of canned soups. Thereafter, they packaged their soups in plastic-wares \& microwaveable containers, and their advertising strategy started focusing on how their flavors of soup could be used also as a gravy-base in preparing entres and meal-dishes. This strategy adopted by the company is indicative of: a. harvesting of the offering. b. trading up the offering's value. c. creating new usage situation for the offering. d. trading down the offering's value. e. repositioning of the offering. 10. The Pharmacia Upjohn Company first targeted men for its 'Rogaine' topical solution, a drug to restore hair growth. Later it marketed this product to women too. The Company is this using which of the following market modification strategies? a. finding new users b. creating new use situations c. increasing use by existing customers d. modifying the product e. reacting to competitors' position 11. Frito-Lay's Multigrain-ingredient-based Sun Chips went through Concept Testing. Which of the following statements would absolutely not apply to this Concept Testing phase? a. employees would have helped to decide whether the new-product idea was technically feasible b. commercialization aspects were being looked at for the product's launch c. retailers who potentially stock their products would have participated in such focus groups d. before the product took a form utility, the market had to buy the idea of such an offering e. it formed a critical part of their idea generation and screening phase in their new product development process 12. During the latter stages of New Product Development, parallel development is a critical phase which entails the simultaneous synergistic work pertaining to the formulation of: a. marketing strategies and concept testing b. production operations and marketing strategies c. production operations and customer relationship management d. business analysis and marketing strategies e. financial budgeting and production operations 13. Promotional expenses at the maturity stage of the product life cycle are often designed to: a. allow a price increase. b. remind repeat purchasers. c. create primary demand. d. gain new distributors. e. eliminate distribution channels. 14. Caterpillar Corporation wishes to 'enter' the automobile industry \& market their sedans using their Caterpillar brand name. This is: a. line extension strategy b. flanker branding strategy c. brand extension strategy d. new brand development e. mixed branding strategy 15. Toyota Motor Company brands its economy-size, mid-size, and full-size sedans as respectively Toyota Corolla, Toyota Camry, and Toyota Avalon. Thus, the car company is using the following branding strategy: a. brand extension. b. co-branding. c. sub-branding. d. mixed branding. e. line branding. 16. Mars, Inc., sells several brands of candy products, namely Snickers, Milky Way, Twix, Skittles, Dove, Starburst, M\&Ms, and Three Musketeers. This variety of brand names adopted by the company represents strategy. a. co-branding b. multibranding c. multiproduct d. mixed brand e. private branding 17. Thirty-six percent of sales at supermarkets in the United Kingdom carry the stores' own brand names. These stores are using a strategy to sell consumer foods. a. co-branding b. positional branding c. multibranding d. private branding e. multiproduct branding 18. Sheetz Corp. booked its gasoline procurement order this month from Chevron Corp. The fuel customers buy at Sheetz gas stations is branded as Sheetz fuel - but it's made by Chevron. Hence, for Chevron Corp. (it makes its own fuel brand, \& for other firms' brands), this shows: a. cooperative branding b. fighting brand c. brand development d. brand extension e. mixed branding