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medical sciences
biology

Questions and Answers of Biology

Under what medical conditions do you mink that aspirin shout not be used? Why?
Are there other risk factors that you think should be considered that would exclude individuals from donating blood?
The transport function of blood is dependent on what components? The defence function of blood is dependent on what components? The regulatory functions of blood are dependent on what components?
Which of the following is not a formed element in the blood? a. Led blood cells b. Platelets c. White blood cells d. Organic molecules and salts
Match each description with a white blood cell in the key. Key: a. lymphocytes b. Neutrophils c. Basophils d. Monocytes E. Eosinophils U-shaped nucleus; blue-stained granules that release histamine?
Match each description with a white blood cell in the key. Key: a. Lymphocytes b. Neutrophils c. Basophils d. Monocytes e. Eosinophils Includes B cells and T cells that provide specific immunity?
Match each description with a white blood cell in the key. Key: a. Lymphocytes b. Neutrophils c. Basophils d. Monocytes e. Eosinophils Bibbed nucleus, red-stained granules, allergic reactbns, and
Match each description with a white blood cell in the key. Key: a. Lymphocytes b. Neutrophils c. Basophils d. Monocytes e. Eosinophils Largest: no granules: become macrophages?
Match each description with a white blood cell in the key. Key: a. Lymphocytes b. Neutrophils c. Basophils d. Monocytes e. Eosinophils Most abundant: multilobed nucleus: first responders to invasion?
Which of the plasma proteins contribute/s most to osmotic pressure? a. Albumin b. Globulins c. Erythrocytes d. Fibrinogen
Stem cells are responsible for a. Red blood cell production. b. White blood cell production. c. Platelet production. d. The production of all formed elements.
Which hemoglobin component is recovered for reuse following red blood cell destruction? a. Heme b. Globin c. Iron d. Both b and c are correct.
When the oxygen capacity of the blood is reduced?a. The liver produces more bile.b. The kidneys release erythropoietin.c. The thymus produces more red blood cells.d. Sickle-cell disease occurs.e. All
Why is the osmotic pressure of blood important to overall homeostasis?
Which of the following is not true of white blood cells? a. Formed in red bone marrow b. Carry oxygen and carbon dioxide c. Can leave the bloodstream and enter tissues d. Can fight disease and
Which of the following is in the correct sequence for blood clotting? a. Prothrombin activator, prothrombin, thrombin b. Fibrin threads, prothrombin activator, thrombin c. Thrombin, fibrinogen,
Theoretically a person with type AB blood should be able to receive? a. Type B and type AB blood. b. Type O and type B blood. c. Type A and type O blood. d. All of these are correct.
Blood is associated with which of the following forms of homeostasis? a. Nutrient supply to the body b. Supply of gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide c. Removal of waste material d. Transport of
Describe the structure and functions of a red blood cell, including the molecule hemoglobin. What is the role of red blood cells in the blood? How is the production of red blood cells regulated?
Briefly describe the different types of white blood cells by structure and function?
What formed element is crucial to blood clotting? What other substances are necessary for clotting? Explain the steps that take place when blood clots.
Distinguish between disorders involving erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets?
For each type of ABO blood, give the antigen or antigens and antibody or antibodies present. List which blood type each can receive and to which type each can be given?
Explain what occurs in hemolytic disease of the newborn?
Choose five body systems, and briefly explain how they are critical to cardiovascular system function?
Describe the basic characteristics of bacteria. Explain how five particular features contribute to the ability of bacteria to cause disease?
What is the clonal selection model as it applies to B cells? What becomes of the clones that are produced?
Describe the structure of an antibody. What are the five main classes, where are they found, and what are their functions?
Discuss the production of monoclonal antibodies and their applications?
Explain how T cells recognize an antigen. What are the types of T cells, and how do they function in immunity?
How is active immunity achieved? How is passive immunity achieved?
Discuss allergies, tissue rejection, and autoimmune diseases as they relate to the immune system?
Which of the following is a function of the spleen? a. Produces T cells b. Removes worn-out red blood cells c. Produces Immunoglobulins d. Produces macrophages e. Regulates the immune system
Which of the following is a function of the thymus gland? a. Production of red blood cells. b. Secretion of antibodies. c. Production and maintenance of stem cells. d. site for the maturation of T
Which of the following is a function of the secondary lymphatic organs? a. Transport of lymph b. Clonal selection of B cells c. Located where lymphocytes encounter antigens d. All of these are correct
What is the structure of a virus? Is a virus Irving? Explain how a virus is able to reproduce?
Which of the following is most directly responsible for the increase in capillary permeability during the inflammatory reaction? a. Pain b. White blood cells c. Histamine d. Tissue damage
Which of the following is not a goal of the inflammatory reaction? a. Brings more oxygen to damaged tissues. b. Decreases blood toss from a wound. c. Decreases the number of white blood cells in the
Which of the following is not correct concerning interferon? a. Interferon is a protective protein. b. Virus-infected cells produce interferon. c. Interferon has no effect on viruses. d. Interferon
Which one of these does not pertain to B cells? a. Have passed through the thymus. b. Have specific receptors. c. Are responsible for antibody-mediated immunity. d. Synthesize and liberate antibodies.
Which of these pertain/s to T cells? a. Have specific receptors. b. Are of more than one type. c. Are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. d. Stimulate antibody production by B cells. e. All of
During a secondary immune response? a. Antibodies are made quickly and in great amounts. b. Antibody production lasts longer than in a primary response. c. B cells become plasma cells. d. All of
Active immunity may be produced by a. Having a disease. b. Receiving a vaccine. c. Receiving gamma globulin injections. d. Both a and b are correct. e. Both b and c are correct.
Which of the following is not an innate body defense? a. Complement. b. The skin and mucous membranes. c. Antibodies. d. Lysozyme.
What are prions, and how do they cause disease?
Why are the red bone marrow and the thymus gland termed primary lymphatic organs?
In what ways are the spleen and lymph nodes similar, and in what ways are they different?
How do chemical and physical barriers protect the body?
How do innate defenses differ from acquired defenses?
Describe the steps that occur during an inflammatory response?
How do the roles of B cells and T cells differ in the adaptive defenses?
From the perspective of pH, how do antacids help control heartburn and GERD?
Considering that the GI tract consists of layers of muscles (see Fig. 8.2), why might exercise help control GERD?The layers of the gastrointestinal tract wall. The wall of the gastrointestinal tract
How might a PillCam be used to make a traditional endoscopic exam more effective?
What factors might regulate how long the PillCam takes to move through the GI tract?
What aspects of our society encourage the popularity of magic bullets for weight loss?
How could the food label be changed to more accurately reflect the trans fat content of a food?
Why do you think that so many of the weight-loss drugs are removed from the market for unanticipated side effects?
What are some other areas of the current food label that are misleading?
Argue that absorption is the most important of the five processes of digestion over the other four processes?
Which association is incorrect? a. Mouth-starch digestion. b. Esophagus-protein digestion. c. Small intestine-starch, lipid, protein digestion. d. Stomach-food storage. e. liver-production of bile.
Which association is incorrect? a. Pancreas - produces alkaline secretions and enzymes b. Salivary glands-produce saliva and amylase c. Gallbladder-produces digestive enzymes d. Liver-produces bile
Peristalsis occurs? a. From the mouth to the small intestine. b. From the beginning of the esophagus to the anus. c. Only in the stomach. d. Only in the small and large intestine. e. Only in the
Which of the following is not a function of the liver in adults? a. Produces bile. b. Detoxifies alcohol. c. Stores glucose. d. produces urea. e. makes red blood cells.
The amino acids that must be consumed in the diet are called essential. Nonessential amino acids? a. Can be produced by the body. b. Are only needed occasionally. c. Are stored in the body until
Stimulates gallbladder to release bile?
Stimulates the stomach to digest protein?
Secreted by duodenum?
List the main organs of the digestive tract, and state the contribution of each to the digestive process?
Secreted by the stomach In questions 29-33, match each statement to a vitamin or mineral in the key. Key: a. Calcium b. Vitamin K c. Sodium d. Iodine e. Vitamin A
Needed to make thyroid hormone?
Needed for night vision?
Needed for bones, teeth, and muscle contraction?
Needed for nerve conduction, pH, and water balance?
Needed for making clotting proteins?
Name the enzymes invoked in the digestion of starch, protein, and fat, and tell where these enzymes are active and what they do?
Discuss the absorption of the products of digestion into the lymphatic and cardiovascular systems?
Why are the pancreas, liver, and gallbladder considered accessory organs of digestion and not organs of digestion?
Name and state the functions of the hormones that assist the nervous system in regulating digestive secretions?
What is the chief contribution of each of these in the body: carbohydrates, proteins, fats, fruits, and vegetables?
Which three eating disorders involve binge eating? How are these three disorders different from one another?
Tracing the path of food in the following list (a-f). which step is out of order first? a. Mouth b. Pharynx c. Esophagus d. Small intestine e. Stomach f. Large intestine
What are some of the aspects of lung structure that make it a more difficult organ to grow in the lab than, for example, a urinary bladder?
Besides increased availability, what are two other potential advantages of laboratory-grown lungs (or other tissues) compared to regular donor tissues?
What can you do to reduce your exposure to secondhand smoke?
Why does cigarette smoke have a negative effect on organ systems that are not in direct contact with the actual smoke?
Name the three parts of the pharynx?
Which of these is anatomically incorrect? a. The nose has two nasal cavities. b. The pharynx connects the nasal and oral cavities to the larynx. c. The larynx contains the vocal cords. d. The trachea
What is the name of the structure that prevents food from entering the trachea? a. Glottis b. Septum c. Epiglottis d. Adam's apple In questions 13-17, match each description with a structure in the
Reinforced tube that connects larynx with bronchi?
Opening in to larynx?
Division s of the trachea that enter lungs?
Which of these is incorrect concerning inspiration? a. Rib cage moves up and out. b. Diaphragm contracts and moves down. c. Pressure in lungs decreases, and air comes rushing in. d. The lungs expand
Air enters the human lungs because a. atmospheric pressure is tower than the pressure inside the lungs. b. atmospheric pressure is greater than the pressure inside the lungs. c. although the
How is the structure of the trachea important for respiration, as well as digestion?
The maximum volume of air that can be moved in and out during a single breath is called the a. Expiratory and inspiratory reserve volume. b. Residual volume. c. Tidal volume. d. Vital capacity. e.
The enzyme carbonic anhydrase a. Causes the blood to be more basic in the tissues. b. Speeds up the conversion of carbonic acid to carbon dioxide and water, and the reverse. c. Actively transports
Hemoglobin assists transport of gases bya. Combining with oxygen.b. Combining with CO2.c. Combining with H+.d. Being present in red blood cells.e. All of these are correct.
In humans, the respiratory center? a. Is stimulated by carbon dioxide. b. Is located in the medulla oblongata. c. Controls the rate of breathing. d. All of these are correct.
Which of the following is not true of obstructive pulmonary disorders? a. Air does not flow freely in the airways. b. Vital capacity is reduced due to toss of lung elasticity. c. Disorders may

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