All Matches

Solution Library

Expert Answer

Textbooks

Search Textbook questions, tutors and Books

Oops, something went wrong!

Change your search query and then try again

Result Not Found

Books FREE
Tutors
Study Help
Ask a Question

Search
Sign In
Register

study help
chemistry
physical chemistry

Questions and Answers of Physical Chemistry

Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) has the following molecular structure:It is widely used as a preservative in a variety of foods, including dried cereals. Based on its structure, would you expect BHT
A saturated solution of sucrose (C12H22O11) is made by dissolving excess table sugar in a flask of water. There are 50 g of un-dissolved sucrose crystals at the bottom of the flask in contact with
Most fish need at least 4 ppm dissolved O2 for survival. (a) What is this concentration in mol/L? (b) What partial pressure of O2 above the water is needed to obtain this concentration at 10 oC? (The
The presence of the radioactive gas radon (Rn) in well water obtained from aquifers that lie in rock deposits presents a possible health hazard in parts of the United States. (a) Assuming that the
Glucose makes up about 0.10% by mass of human blood. Calculate the concentration in (a) ppm,
The concentration of gold in seawater has been reported to be between 5 ppt (parts per trillion) and 50 ppt. Assuming that seawater contains 13 ppt of gold, calculate the number of grams of gold
The maximum allowable concentration of lead in drinking water is 9.0 ppb.
Acetonitrile (CH3CN) is a polar organic solvent that dissolves a wide range of solutes, including many salts. The density of a 1.80 M LiBr solution in acetonitrile is 0.826 g/cm3. Calculate the
A "canned heat" product used to warm chafing dishes consists of a homogeneous mixture of ethanol (C2H5OH) and paraffin that has an average formula of C24H50. What mass of C2H5OH should be added to
(a) Based on the following energy profile, predict whether kf > or kf (b) Using Equation 15.5, predict whether the equilibrium constant for the process is greater than 1 or less than 1.
(a) Assuming the volume is 2 L, calculate the equilibrium constant Kc for the reaction.(b) If the volume of the equilibrium mixture is decreased, will the number of AB molecules increase or decrease?
The protein hemoglobin (Hb) transports O2 in mammalian blood. Each Hb can bind 4 O2 molecules. The equilibrium constant for the O2-binding reaction is higher in fetal hemoglobin than in adult
The A atoms are red, and the B atoms are blue. Is the reaction exothermic or endothermic?
The following graph represents the yield of the compound AB at equilibrium in the reaction A(g) + B(g) †’ AB(g) at two different pressures, x and y, as a function of temperature.(a) In this
Suppose that the gas-phase reactions A †’ B and B †’ A are both elementary processes with rate constants of 4.7 Ã— 10-3 s-1 and 5.8 Ã— 10-1 s-1,
(a) Which species predominate at equilibrium, reactants or products?(b) Which reaction has the larger rate constant, the forward or the reverse? Explain.
Write the expression for Kc for the following reactions. In each case indicate whether the reaction is homogeneous or heterogeneous.
Write the expressions for Kc for the following reactions. In each case indicate whether the reaction is homogeneous or heterogeneous.
When the following reactions come to equilibrium, does the equilibrium mixture contain mostly reactants or mostly products?
Can the equilibrium constant ever be a negative number? Explain.
The following diagrams represent a hypothetical reaction A †’ B, with A represented by red spheres and B represented by blue spheres. The sequence from left to right represents the system
Can the equilibrium constant ever be zero? Explain
If Kc = 0.042 for PCI3(g) + CI2(g) PCI5(g) at 500 K, what is the value of Kp for this reaction at this temperature?
Calculate Kc at 303 K for SO2(g) + CI2(g) SO2CI2(g) if Kp = 34.5 at this temperature?
The equilibrium constant for the reactionIs Kc = 1.3 Ã— 10-2 at 1000 K. (c) Calculate Kc for NOBr(g) †’ NO(g) + ½ Br2(g)?
Consider the following equilibrium:(a) Calculate Kp. (b) Does the equilibrium mixture contain mostly H2 and S2 or mostly H2S?(c) Calculate the values of Kc and Kp if you rewrote the balanced chemical
At 1000 K, Kp = 1.85 for the reaction(c) What is the value of Kc for the reaction in part (b)?
Consider the following equilibrium, for which Kp = 0.0752 at 480 oC:(b) HCI(g) + ½ O2 (g)? (c) What is the value of Kc for the reaction in part (b)?
The following equilibrium were attained at 823 K:
Consider the equilibriumCalculate the equilibrium constant Kp for this reaction, given the following information (at 298 K):
Explain why we normally exclude pure solids and liquids from equilibrium-constant expressions?
The following diagram represents an equilibrium mixture produced for a reaction of the type A + X AX. If the volume is 1 L, is K greater or smaller than 1?
Explain why we normally exclude solvents from liquid-phase reactions in equilibrium-constant expressions?
Methanol (CH3OH) is produced commercially by the catalyzed reaction of carbon monoxide and hydrogen: CO(g) + 2 H2(g) CH3OH(g). An equilibrium mixture in a 2.00-L vessel is found to contain 0.0406
(a) Calculate Kp for this reaction at 500.0 K.(b) If the vessel has a volume of 5.00 L, calculate Kc at this temperature?
Phosphorus trichloride gas and chlorine gas react to form phosphorus pentachloride gas:(a) What is the value of Kp at this temperature?(b) Does the equilibrium favor reactants or products?(c)
A mixture of 0.10 mol of NO, 0.050 mol of H2, and 0.10 mol of H2O is placed in a 1.0-L vessel at 300 K. The following equilibrium is established:At equilibrium [NO] = 0.062. (a) Calculate the
A mixture of 1.374 g of H2 and 70.31 g of Br2 is heated in a 2.00 - L vessel at 700 K. These substances react according toAt equilibrium the vessel is found to contain 0.566 g of H2. (a) Calculate
A mixture of 0.2000 mol of CO2, 0.1000 mol of H2, and 0.1600 mol of H2O is placed in a 2.000-L vessel. The following equilibrium is established at 500 K:(a) Calculate the initial partial pressures of
The following diagram represents a reaction shown going to completion.(a) Letting A = red spheres and B = blue spheres, write a balanced equation for the reaction.(b) Write the equilibrium- constant
A flask is charged with 1.500 atm of N2O4(g) and 1.00 atm NO2(g) at 25 oC, and the following equilibrium is achieved:After equilibrium is reached, the partial pressure of NO2 is 0.512 atm.(a) What is
Two different proteins X and Y are dissolved in aqueous solution at 37 °C. The proteins bind in a 1:1 ratio to form XY. A solution that is initially 1.00 mM in each protein is allowed to reach
A chemist at a pharmaceutical company is measuring equilibrium constants for reactions in which drug candidate molecules bind to a protein involved in cancer. The drug molecules bind the protein in a
(a) How does a reaction quotient differ from an equilibrium constant? (b) If Qc < Kc, in which direction will a reaction proceed in order to reach equilibrium? (c) What condition must be satisfied so
(a) How is a reaction quotient used to determine whether a system is at equilibrium? (b) If Qc > Kc, how must the reaction proceed to reach equilibrium? (c) At the start of a certain reaction, only
(a) [COCI2] = 2.00 Ã— 10-3 M, [CO] = 3.3 Ã— 10-6 M, [CI2] = 6.62 Ã— 10-6 M; [CI2] = 6.62 Ã— 10-6 M;(b) [COCI2] = 4.50 Ã— 10-2 M, [CO] = 1.1
As shown in Table 15.2, Kp for the equilibriumis 4.51 Ã— 10-5 at 450 oC. For each of the mixtures listed here, indicate whether the mixture is at equilibrium at 450 oC. If it is not at
At 100 oC, Kc = 0.078 for the reactionIn an equilibrium mixture of the three gases, the concentrations of SO2Cl2 and SO2 are 0.108 M and 0.052 M, respectively. What is the partial pressure of Cl2 in
(a) At 1285 oC the equilibrium constant for the reaction Br2(g) 2 Br(g) is Kc = 1.04 Ã— 10-3 is . A 0.200-L vessel containing an equilibrium mixture of the gases has 0.245 g Br2(g) in it.
A friend says that the faster the reaction, the larger the equilibrium constant. Is your friend correct? Why or why not?
(a) At 800 K the equilibrium constant for I2(g) 2 I(g) is Kc = 3.1 Ã— 10-5. If an equilibrium mixture in a 10.0-L vessel contains 2.67 Ã— 10-2 g of I(g), how many grams of I2
At 2000 oC the equilibrium constant for the reactionIs Kc = 2.4 Ã— 103. If the initial concentration of NO is 0.175 M, what are the equilibrium concentrations of NO, N2, and O2?
For the equilibriumat 400 K, Kc = 7.0. If 0.25 mol of Br2 and 0.55 mol of Cl2 are introduced into a 3.0-L container at 400 K, what will be the equilibrium concentrations of Br2, Cl2, and BrCl?
At 373 K, Kp = 0.416 for the equilibriumIf the pressure of NOBr(g) and NO(g) are equal, what is the equilibrium pressure of Br2(g)?
At 218 oC, Kc = 1.2 Ã— 10-4 for the equilibriumCalculate the equilibrium concentrations of NH3 and H2S if a sample of solid NH4SH is placed in a closed vessel at 218 oC and decomposes
Consider the reactionAt the equilibrium constant is Kc = 2.4 Ã— 10-5 for this reaction.
At 80 oC, Kc = 1.87 Ã— 10-3 for the reaction(a) Calculate the equilibrium concentrations of PH3 and BCl3 if a solid sample of PH3BCl3 is placed in a closed vessel at and decomposes until
For the reaction I2 + Br2(g) , Kc = 280 at 150 oC. Suppose that 0.500 mol IBr in a 2.00-L flask is allowed to reach equilibrium at 150 oC. What are the equilibrium concentrations of IBr, I2, and Br2?
At 25 oC the reaction
Methane, CH4, reacts with I2 according to the reactionAt 630 K, Kp for this reaction is 2.26 Ã— 10-4. A reaction was set up at 630 K with initial partial pressures of methane of 105.1
A certain chemical reaction has Kc = 1.5 × 106. Does this mean that at equilibrium there are 1.5 × 106 times as many product molecules as reactant molecules? Explain.
The reaction of an organic acid with an alcohol, in organic solvent, to produce an ester and water is commonly done in the pharmaceutical industry. This reaction is catalyzed by strong acid (usually
Consider the following equilibrium for which (HHow will each of the following changes affect an equilibrium mixture of the three gases: (a) O2(g) is added to the system1; (b) The reaction mixture is
(a) Increase [NH3], increase yield NO(b) Increase [H2O], decrease yield NO(c) Decrease [O2], decrease yield NO(d) Decrease container volume, decrease yield NO (fewer moles gas in reactants)(e) Add
How do the following changes affect the value of the equilibrium constant for a gas-phase exothermic reaction: (a) Removal of a reactant (b) Removal of a product, (c) Decrease in the volume, (d)
For a certain gas-phase reaction, the fraction of products in an equilibrium mixture is increased by either increasing the temperature or by increasing the volume of the reaction vessel. (a) Is the
Consider the following equilibrium between oxides of nitrogen(a) Use data in Appendix C to calculate (Ho for this reaction.(b) Will the equilibrium constant for the reaction increase or decrease with
Methanol (CH3OH) can be made by the reaction of CO with H2:(a) Use thermochemical data in Appendix C to calculate (Ho for this reaction.(b) To maximize the equilibrium yield of methanol, would you
Ozone, O3, decomposes to molecular oxygen in the stratosphere according to the reaction 2 O3(g) → 3 O2(g). Would an increase in pressure favor the formation of ozone or of oxygen?
Bioremediation is the use of microorganisms to degrade environmental pollutants. Many pollutants contain only carbon and hydrogen (oil being one example). The chemical reactions are complicated, but
Both the forward reaction and the reverse reaction in the following equilibrium are believed to be elementary steps:At 25 oC the rate constants for the forward and reverse reactions are 1.4
Ethene (C2H4) reacts with halogens (X2) by the following reaction:The following figures represent the concentrations at equilibrium at the same temperature when X2 is Cl2 (green), Br2 (brown), and I2
A mixture of CH4 and H2O is passed over a nickel catalyst at 1000 K. The emerging gas is collected in a 5.00-L flask and is found to contain 8.62 g of CO, 2.60 g of H2, 43.0 g of CH4, and 48.4 g of
When 2.00 mol of SO2Cl2 is placed in a 2.00-L flask at 303 K, 56% of the SO2Cl2 decomposes to SO2 and Cl2:(a) Calculate Kc for this reaction at this temperature. (b) Calculate Kp for this reaction at
A mixture of H2, S, and H2S is held in a 1.0 - L vessel at 90 oC and reacts according to the equation:At equilibrium the mixture contains 0.46 g of H2S and 0.40 g H2.(a) Write the
A sample of nitrosyl bromide (NOBr) decomposes according to the equationAn equilibrium mixture in a 5.00-L vessel at 100 oC contains 3.22 g of NOBr, 3.08 g of NO, and 4.19 g of Br2. (a) Calculate
(a) What is the total pressure in the flask at equilibrium?(b) What is the value of Kp?(c) What could we do to maximize the yield of B?
As shown in Table 15.2, the equilibrium constant for the reaction(a) What are the masses of N2 and H2 in the equilibrium mixture? (b) What was the initial mass of ammonia placed in the vessel? (c)
For the equilibriumKp = 8.5 Ã— 10-3 at 150 oC. If 0.025 atm of IBr is placed in a 2.0-L container, what is the partial pressure of all substances after equilibrium is reached?
For the equilibriumKp = 0.052 at 60 oC. (a) Calculate Kc. (b) After 3.00 g of solid PH3BCl3 is added to a closed 1.500-L vessel at 60 oC, the vessel is charged with 0.0500 g of BCl3(g).
Solid NH4SH is introduced into an evacuated flask at 24 oC. The following reaction takes place:At equilibrium the total pressure (for NH3 and H2S taken together) is 0.614 atm. What is Kp for this
(a) Which reaction mixture is at equilibrium?(b) For those mixtures that are not at equilibrium, how will the reaction proceed to reach equilibrium?
A 0.831-g sample of SO3 is placed in a 1.00-L container and heated to 1100 K. The SO3 decomposes to SO2 and O2:At equilibrium the total pressure in the container is 1.300 atm. Find the values of Kp
Nitric oxide (NO) reacts readily with chlorine gas as follows:At 700 K the equilibrium constant Kp for this reaction is 0.26. Predict the behavior of each of the following mixtures at this
At 900 oC, Kc = 0.0108 for the reactionA mixture of CaCO3, CaO, and CO2 is placed in a 10.0-L vessel at 900 oC. For the following mixtures, will the amount of CaCO3 increase, decrease, or remain the
When 1.50 mol CO2 and 1.50 mol H2 are placed in a 3.00-Lcontainer at 395 oC, the following reaction occurs:If Kc = 0.802, what are the concentrations of each substance in the equilibrium mixture?
(a) If excess C is allowed to react with 25.0 g of CO2 in a 3.00-L vessel at 1000 K, how many grams of CO are produced?(b) How many grams of C are consumed?(c) If a smaller vessel is used for the
NiO is to be reduced to nickel metal in an industrial process by use of the reactionAt 1600 K the equilibrium constant for the reaction is Kp = 6.0 Ã— 102. If a CO pressure of 150 torr is
Le ChÃ¢telier noted that many industrial processes of his time could be improved by an understanding of chemical equilibria. For example, the reaction of iron oxide with carbon monoxide
At 700 K the equilibrium constant for the reactionIs Kp= 0.76. A flask is charged with 2.00 atm of CCl4, which then reaches equilibrium at 700 K. (a) What fraction of the CCl4 is converted into C and
(a) Use the reaction quotient to determine the direction the reaction must proceed to reach equilibrium.(b) Calculate the equilibrium partial pressures of the gases.(c) What effect will increasing
An equilibrium mixture of H2, I2, and HI at 458 oC contains 0.112 mol H2, 0.112 mol I2, and 0.775 mol HI in a 5.00-L vessel. What are the equilibrium partial pressures when equilibrium is
The reaction A2(g) + B(g) A(g) + AB(g) has an equilibrium constant of Kp = 2. The accompanying diagram shows a mixture containing A atoms (red), A2 molecules, and AB molecules (red and blue). How
(a) In terms of x, what are the equilibrium concentrations of compounds B and C?(b) What limits must be placed on the value of x so that all concentrations are positive?(c) By putting the equilibrium
At 1200 K, the approximate temperature of automobile exhaust gases (Figure 15.15), Kp for the reactionIs about 1 Ã— 10-13. Assuming that the exhaust gas (total pressure 1 atm) contains
Consider the reaction IO4- (aq) + 2 H2O(I) H4IO6-(aq); Kc = 3.5 Ã— 10-2. If you start with 25.0 mL of a 0.905 M solution of NaIO4, and then dilute it with water to 500.0 mL, what is the
Silver chloride, AgCl(s), is an "insoluble" strong electrolyte.
Consider the equilibrium A B in which both the forward and reverse reactions are elementary (single-step) reactions. Assume that the only effect of a catalyst on the reaction is to lower the
The phase diagram for SO2 is shown here.(a) What does this diagram tell you about the enthalpy change in the reaction SO2(I) †’ SO2(g)?(b) Calculate the equilibrium constant for this
Write the equilibrium-constant expression for the equilibriumThe table that follows shows the relative mole percentages of CO2(g) and CO(g) at a total pressure of 1 atm for several temperatures.

Showing 3900 - 4000 of 4002

First
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41

Get In Touch

About Us
Contact Us
Career
Jobs
FAQ
Campus Ambassador

Company Info

Security
Copyrights
Privacy Policy
Terms & Condition
SolutionInn Fee
Scholarship

Services

Sitemap
Fun
Definitions
Become Tutor
Study Help Categories
Recent Questions
Expert Questions

Copyright © 2024 SolutionInn All Rights Reserved.

Get the SolutionInn - Study Help App