Questions and Answers of Artificial Intelligence

Write out the parameter update equations for TD learning with U (x, y) = θ0 + θ1x + θ2y + θ3 √ (x - xg) 2 + (y - y g) 2.
Devise suitable features for stochastic grid worlds (generalizations of the 4 x 3 world) that contain multiple obstacles and multiple terminal states with +1 or —1 reward.
Compute the true utility function and the best linear approximation in x and y (as in Equation (21.9)) for the following environments:a. A 10 x 10 world with a single +1 terminal state at (10, 10).b.
Extend the standard game-playing environment to incorporate a reward signal. Put two reinforcement learning agents into the environment (they may, of course, share the agent program) and have them
Investigate the application of reinforcement learning ideas to the modeling of human and animal behavior.
Is reinforcement learning an appropriate abstract model for evolution? What connection exists, if any, between hardwired reward signals and evolutionary fitness?
Read the following text once for understanding, and remember as much of it as you can. There will he a test later. The procedure is actually quite simple. First you arrange things into different
Using DCG notation, write a grammar for a language that is just like Є1, except that it enforces agreement between the subject and verb of a sentence and thus does not generate “I smells the
Augment the E1 grammar so that it handles article—noun agreement. That is, make sure that “agents” is an NP, but “agent” and agents” are not.
Outline the major differences between Java (or any other computer language with which you are familiar) and English, commenting on the “understanding” problem in each case, think about such
Which of the following are reasons for introducing a quasi-logical form?a, To make it easier to write simple compositional grammar rules.b. To extend the expressiveness of the semantic representation
Determine what semantic interpretation would be given to the following sentences by the grammar in this chapter:a. It is a wumpus.b. The wumpus is dead.c. The wumpus is in 2, 2.Would it be a good
This exercise concerns grammars for very simple languages.a. Write a context-free grammar for the language anbn.b. Write a context-free grammar for the palindrome language: the set of all strings
Consider the sentence ?Someone walked slowly to the supermarket? and the following lexicon: Pronoun ? someone V ? walked Adv ? slowly Prep ? to Det ? the Noun ? supermarket Which of the following
(Derived from Barton et al. (1987)) This exercise concerns a language we call Buffalo n, which is very much like English (or at least E0) except that the only word in its lexicon is buffalo. Here are
Draw a discourse parse tree for the story about John going to a fancy restaurant, use to the two grammar rules for Segment giving the proper Coherence Relation for each node. (You needn’t show the
We forgot to mention that the text in Exercise 22.1 is entitled “Washing Clothes.” Reread the text and answer the questions in Exercise 22.7. Did you do better this time? Bransford and Johnson
What are some of the realities mentioned at the beginning of the chapter that modern manufacturing enterprises must cope with? Name four.
What is computer integrated manufacturing?
What are some of the reasons why companies automate their operations? Nine reasons are given in the text. Name five.
Identify three situations in which manual labor is preferred over automation.
Human workers will be needed in factory operations, even in the most highly automated operations. The text identifies at least four types of work for which humans will be needed. Name three.
What is the USA Principle? What does each of the letters stand for?
The text lists ten strategies for automation and process improvement. Identify five of these strategies.
What are the three phases of a typical automation migration strategy?
Production systems can be divided into two categories or levels. Name and briefly define the two levels.
What are manufacturing systems, and how are they distinguished from production systems?
Manufacturing systems are divided into three categories, according to worker participation. Name the three categories.
What are the four functions included within the scope of manufacturing support systems?
Three basic types of automation are defined in the text. What is fixed automation and what are some of its features?
What is programmable automation and what are some of its features?
What is flexible automation and what are some of its features?
What is manufacturing?
What is meant by the term technological processing capability?
What is lean production?
In lean production, what is just-in-time delivery of parts?
In lean production, what does worker involvement mean?
In lean production, what does continuous improvement mean, and how is it usually accomplished?
What are the three basic industry categories?
What is the difference between consumer goods and capital goods?
What is the difference between a processing operation and an assembly operation?
Name the four categories of part-shaping operations, based on the state of the starting work material.
Assembly operations can be classified as permanent joining methods and mechanical assembly. What are the four types of permanent joining methods?
What is the difference between hard product variety and soft product variety?
A plant produces three product lines: A, B, and C. There are 6 models within product line A, 4 models within B, and 8 within C. Average annual production quantities of each A model is 500 units, 700
The ABC Company is planning a new product line and will build a new plant to manufacture the parts for a new product line. The product line will include 50 different models. Annual production of each
The XYZ Company is planning to introduce a new product line and will build a new factory to produce the parts and assembly the final products for the product line. The new product line will include
If the company in Problem 2.3 were to operate three shifts (6000 hr/yr) instead of one shift, determine the answers to (a), (b), and (c). Problem 2.3 The XYZ Company is planning to introduce a new
What is the cycle time in a manufacturing operation?
Name five typical factory overhead expenses?
Name five typical corporate overhead expenses?
What is production capacity?
How can plant capacity be increased or decreased in the short term?
What is utilization in a manufacturing plant? Provide a definition.
What is availability and how is it defined?
What is manufacturing lead time?
What is work-in-process?
How are fixed costs distinguished from variable costs in manufacturing?
A certain part is routed through six machines in a batch production plant. The setup and operation times for each machine are given in the table below. The batch size is 100 and the average non
A certain job shop specializes in one-of-a-kind orders dealing with parts of medium-to-high complexity. A typical part is processed sequentially through ten machines in batch sizes of one. The shop
A factory produces cardboard boxes. The production sequence consists of three operations: (1) cutting, (2) indenting, and (3) printing. There are three machines in the factory, one for each
Theoretically, any given production plant has an optimum output level. Suppose a certain production plant has annual fixed costs FC = $2,000,000. Variable cost VC is functionally related to annual
Costs have been compiled for a certain manufacturing company for the most recent year. The summary is shown in the table below. The company operates two different manufacturing plants, plus a
Suppose the part in the previous problem is made in very large quantities on a production line in which an automated work handling system is used to transfer parts between machines. Transfer time
The average part produced in a certain batch manufacturing plant must be processed sequentially through six machines on average. Twenty (20) new batches of parts are launched each week. Average
Based on the data in the previous problem and your answers to that problem, determine the average level of work in process (number of parts in process) in the plant.
Averages of 20 new orders are started through a certain factory each month. On average, an order consists of 50 parts that are processed sequentially through 10 machines in the factory. The operation
The mean time between failures for a certain production machine is 250 hours, and the mean time to repair is 6 hours. Determine the availability of the machine.
One million units of a certain product are to be manufactured annually on dedicated production machines that run 24 hours per day, five days per week, and 50 weeks per year.(a) If the cycle time of a
The mean time between failures and mean time to repair in a certain department of the factory are 400 hours and 8 hours, respectively. The department operates 25 machines during one 8hour shift per
There are nine machines in the automatic lathe section of a certain machine shop. The setup time on an automatic lathe averages 6 hours. The average batch size for parts processed through the section
The hourly rate for a certain work center is to be determined based on the following data: direct labor rate = $15.00/hr; applicable factory overhead rate on labor = 35%; capital investment in
In the previous problem if the workload for the cell can only justify a one shift operation, determine the appropriate hourly rate for the work center. Previous problem The hourly rate for a certain
In the operation of a certain production machine, one worker is required at a direct labor rate = $10/hr. Applicable labor factory overhead rate = 50%. Capital investment in the system = $250,000,
In the previous problem, suppose that the machine will be operated three shifts, or 6000 hr/yr, instead of 2000 hr/yr. Note the effect of increased machine utilization on the hourly rate compared to
The break-even point is to be determined for two production methods, one a manual method and the other automated. The manual method requires two workers at $9.00/hr each. Together, they produce at a
What is automation?
An automated system consists of what three basic elements.
What is the difference between a process parameter and a process variable?
What are two reasons why decision-making is required in a programmed work cycle?
What is the difference between a closed-loop control system and an open-loop control system?
What is safety monitoring in an automated system?
What is error detection and recovery in an automated system?
Name three of the four possible strategies in error recovery.
Identify the five levels of automation in a production plant.
What is industrial control?
What is an interlock? What are the two types of interlocks in industrial control?
What is an interrupt system in computer process control?
What is computer process monitoring?
What is direct digital control (DDC), and why is it no longer used in industrial process control applications?
What is the open architecture philosophy in control systems design?
What is the difference between a continuous variable and a discrete variable?
Name and briefly define each of the three different types of discrete variables.
What is the difference between a continuous control system and a discrete control system?
What is feed forward control?
What is adaptive control?
What are the three functions of adaptive control?
What is the difference between an event-driven change and a time-driven change in discrete control?
What are the two basic requirements that must be managed by the controller to achieve real-time control?
What is a sensor?

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