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Questions and Answers of Databases

What are the four common approaches to storing XML data?
What is XSLT, and how does it differ from XML? What role does it play in the creation of a Web application?
Why is HTML5 beneficial for developing mobile applications?
You have been asked to prepare a report that evaluates possible client/server solutions to handle a new customer application system for all branch offices. What business characteristics would you
Explain the difference between a static Web site and a dynamic one. What are the characteristics of a dynamic Web site that enable it to better support the development of e-business?
Historically, what types of applications have moved quickly to client/server database systems? What types have moved more slowly, and why? What do you think will happen in the future to the ratio of
Match each of the following terms with the most appropriate definition:
Discuss some of the languages that are associated with Internet application development. Classify these languages according to the functionality they provide for each application. It is not necessary
Rewrite the example shown in Figure 8-5 using VB.NET.
Rewrite the example shown in Figure 8-4 using Java.
Consider the example code shown in Figure 8-10. Assume that instead of accessing data from a local server, you are going to access data from a cloud provider that offers the appropriate application
Construct a simple XML schema that describes a tutor. Include the tutor's last name, first name, phone, e-mail address, and certification date as child elements of the TUTOR element.
Using your schema from Problem and Exercise 8-27 write an XSLT program to display the tutor information in the form of an HTML table.Exercise 8-27Construct a simple XML schema that describes a tutor.
List several major advantages of the client/server architecture compared with other computing approaches.
Locate three sites on the Web that have interactive database systems attached to them. Evaluate the functionality of each site and discuss how its interactive database system is likely to affect that
Contrast the following terms:a. Two-tier architecture; three-tier architectureb. Fat client; thin clientc. ODBQJDBCd. SOAP; XSLTe. SQL; XQueryf. Web services; SOA
Describe the advantages and disadvantages of two-tier architectures.
Describe the advantages and disadvantages of three-tier architectures.
Describe the common components needed to create a Web-based application.
What are the six common steps needed to access databases from a typical program?
Define each of the following terms:a. Data warehouseb. Data martc. Reconciled datad. Derived datae. Enterprise data warehousef. Real-time data warehouseg. Star schemah. Snowflake schemai. Grainj.
List the ten essential rules for dimensional modeling.
List four objectives of derived data.
Is a star schema a relational data model? Why or why not?
Explain how the volatility of a data warehouse is different from the volatility of a database for an operational information system.
Explain the pros and cons of logical data marts.
What is a helper table, and why is it often used to help organize derived data?
Describe the characteristics of a surrogate key as used in a data warehouse or data mart.
Why is time almost always a dimension in a data warehouse or data mart?
What is the purpose of conformed dimensions for different star schemas within the same data warehousing environment?
In what ways are dimension tables often not normalized?
Match the following terms and definitions: a. Lost previous data content b. Detailed historical data c. Data not altered or deleted d. Data warehouse of limited scope e. Dimension and fact tables f.
What is a hierarchy as it relates to a dimension table?
What is the meaning of the phrase "slowly changing dimension"?
Explain the most common approach used to handle slowly changing dimensions.
Describe the current key trends in data warehousing.
The following table shows some simple student data as of the date 06/20/2015:The following transactions occur on 06/21/2015:â€¢ Student 004 changes major from Math to Business.â€¢ Student 005
Millennium College wants you to help design a star schema to record grades for courses completed by students. There are four dimension tables, with attributes as
Having mastered the principles of normalization described in Chapter 4, you recognize immediately that the star schema you developed for Millennium College (Problem and Exercise 4-30) is not in third
Contrast the following terms:a. Transient data; periodic datab. Data warehouse; data mart; operational data storec. Reconciled data; derived datad. Fact table; dimension tablee. Star schema;
You are to construct a star schema for Simplified Automobile Insurance Company (see Kimball, 1996b, for a more realistic example). The relevant dimensions, dimension attributes, and dimension sizes
Simplified Automobile Insurance Company would like to add a Claims dimension to its star schema (see Problem and Exercise 9-30). Attributes of Claim are ClaimID, ClaimDescription, and ClaimType.
Millennium College (see Problem and Exercise 9-28) now wants to include new data about course sections: the department offering the course, the academic unit to which the department reports, and the
As mentioned in the chapter, Kimball (1997), Inmon (1997, 2000), and Armstrong (2000) have debated the merits of independent and dependent data marts and normalized versus denormalized data marts.
A food manufacturing company needs a data mart to summarize facts about orders to move goods. Some orders transfer goods internally, some are sales to customers, some are purchases from vendors, and
Visit www.kimballgroup.comand locate Kimball University Design Tip 37. Study this design tip and draw the dimensional model for the recommended design for a "pipeline" application for university
Visit www.teradatauniversitynetwork.comand download the dimensional modeling tool located under the downloadable software section. Use this tool to draw your answers to Problems and Exercises 9-28,
Pine Valley Furniture wants you to help design a data mart for analysis of sales. The subjects of the f data mart are as follows: Salesperson……………………..Attributes: Salespersons,
Create a star schema for this case study. How did you handle the time dimension?Fitchwood Insurance Company, which is primarily involved in the sale of annuity products, would like to design a data
List the five major trends that necessitate data warehousing in many organizations today.
Agents change territories over time. If necessary, redesign your answer to Problem and Exercise 9-39 to handle this changing dimensional data.Fitchwood Insurance Company, which is primarily involved
Customers may have relationships with one another (e.g., spouses, parents and children). Redesign your answer to Problem and Exercise 9-40 to accommodate these relationships.Fitchwood Insurance
Review the metadata file for the db_samwh database and the definitions of the database tables. (You can use SHOW TABLE commands to display the DDL for tables.) Explain the methods used in this
Review the metadata file for the db_samwh database and the definitions of the database tables. (You can use SHOW TABLE commands to display the DDL for tables.) Explain what dimension data, if any,
The database you are using was developed by MicroStrategy, a leading business intelligence software vendor. The MicroStrategy software is also available on TUN. Most business intelligence tools
Take the query you scrapped from Problem and Exercise 9-45 and modify it to show only the U.S. region grouped by each quarter, not just for 2005 but for all years available, in order by quarter.
Using the MDIFF "ordered analytical function" in Teradata SQL (see the Functions and Operators manual), show the differences (label the difference CHANGE) in TOTAL (which you calculated in the
Because data warehouses and even data marts can become very large, it may be sufficient to work with a subset of data for some analyses. Create a sample of orders from 2004 using the SAMPLE SQL
GROUP BY by itself creates subtotals by category, and the ROLLUP extension to GROUP BY creates even more categories for subtotals. Using all the orders, do a rollup to get total order amounts by
Briefly describe the major components of a data warehouse architecture.
List the three types of metadata that appear in a three-layer data warehouse architecture and briefly describe the purpose of each.
List four characteristics of a data warehouse.
List five claimed limitations of independent data marts.
List two claimed benefits of independent data marts.
Define each of the following terms: a. Static extract b. Incremental extract c. Chief data officer d. Master data management e. Refresh mode
Describe the key steps to improve data quality in an organization.
What is data profiling, and what role does it play in a data quality program?
How can data capture processes be improved to improve data quality?
Why is master data management important in an organization?
Describe the three major approaches to master data management.
What distinguishes master data management from other forms of data integration?
List six typical characteristics of reconciled data.
List and briefly describe five steps in the data reconciliation process.
Match the following terms and definitions: Data transformation a. converts data formats Data scrubbing b. correct errors in source data Selection c. partitioning of data based on predefined
List five errors and inconsistencies that are commonly found in operational data.
Explain how the phrase "extract-transform-load" relates to the data reconciliation process.
List common tasks performed during data cleansing.
Describe some field-level and record-level data trans-formations that often occur during the ETL process for loading a data warehouse.
The OLTP system data for the Fitchwood Insurance Company is in a series of flat files. What process do you envision would be needed in order to extract the data and create the ERD shown in Figure
What types of data pollution/cleansing problems might occur with the Fitchwood OLTP system data?
What types of data transformations might be needed in order to build the Fitchwood data mart?
After some further analysis, you discover that the commission field in the Policies table is updated yearly to reflect changes in the annual commission paid to agents on existing policies. Would
Any successful data governance program needs to address the people ("who"), ("how"), and technology ("what") aspects. Based on your reading of Chapter 10, provide some examples for each of these
Contrast the following terms: a. Static extract; incremental extract b. Data scrubbing; data transformation c. Consolidation; federation d. ETL; master data management
Examine the set of activities in Table 10-2 and categorize them as belonging to one of the following categories: people ("who"), process ("how"), and technology ("what").
The Pine Valley databases for this textbook (one small version illustrated in queries throughout the text and a larger version) are available to your instructor to download from the text's Web site.
On page 424, we identified four dimensions along which poor data might impact a business. For a company of your choice, for example, a hospital, identify one or more scenarios that could serve as a
What are the key components of a data governance program? How does data stewardship relate to data governance?
What are four reasons why data quality is important to an organization?
Explain the effect of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act on the need for organizations to improve data quality.
Define the eight characteristics of quality data.
Explain four reasons why the quality of data is poor in many organizations.
Define each of the following terms:a. Hadoopb. MapReducec. HDFSd. NoSQLe. Pigf. Data miningg. Online analytical processingh. Business intelligence
JSON is widely used in the context of NoSQL databases. What is its primary role?
Why is massively parallel processing very important in the context of big data?
Explain the core principle of the MapReduce algorithm.
Explain the progression from decision support systems to analytics through business intelligence.
Describe the differences between descriptive, predictive, and prescriptive analytics.
Match the following terms to the appropriate definitions: _______ Hive a. knowledge discovery using a variety of statistical and computational techniques _______ Text mining b. analytics that
Discuss the impact that the emergence of Internet of Things will have on the need for advanced big data and analytics technologies.

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