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databases

Questions and Answers of Databases

Write a program that stores names and telephone numbers in a database. Write another program that stores names and addresses in a database. Modify the programs to use external, conceptual, and
Write a program that stores names and dates of birth in a database. Extend the program so that it stores the format of the data in the database; in other words, create a system catalog. Provide an
What is a data model? Discuss the main types of data models.
Of the facilities described in your answer to Question 2.5, which ones do you think would not be needed in a standalone PC DBMS? Provide justification for your answer.
Discuss the differences between DDL and DML? What operations would you typically expect to be available in each language?
Discuss the differences between procedural DMLs and nonprocedural DMLs?
What is meant by the term ‘client-server architecture’ and what are the advantages of this approach? Compare the client-server architecture with two other architectures.
What is Cloud computing?
Discuss the five essential characteristics of cloud computing.
Discuss the three main service models of cloud computing.
Compare and contrast the four main deployment models for the cloud.
What is the difference between Data as a service (DaaS) and Database as a service (DBaaS)?
Discuss the different architectural models for Database-as-a-service.
Describe the main components in a DBMS.
Describe the internal architecture of Oracle.
Examine the documentation sets of Microsoft SQL Server, Oracle, and IBM’s DB2 system to identify their support for the following: (a) Client–server architecture (b) Web services (c)
What is a data warehouse? How is it different from an OLTP system?
What is a TP Monitor? What advantages does a TP Monitor bring to an OLTP environment?
What is a Web service?
What technologies and standards are used to develop Web services and how do they relate to each other?
What is a service-oriented architecture?
Implement the above schema in one of the RDBMSs you currently use. Implement, where possible, the primary, alternate, and foreign keys, and appropriate relational integrity constraints.
Describe the relationship between mathematical relations and relations in the relational data model?
Describe the differences between a relation and a relation schema. What is a relational database schema?
Discuss the properties of a relation.
Discuss the differences between the candidate keys and the primary key of a relation. Explain what is meant by a foreign key. How do foreign keys of relations relate to candidate keys? Give examples
What is a view? Discuss the difference between a view and a base relation.
Identify the foreign keys in this schema. Explain how the entity and referential integrity rules apply to these relations.
Produce some sample tables for these relations that observe the relational integrity rules. Suggest some general constraints that would be appropriate for this schema.
What is the difference between a procedural and non-procedural language? How would you classify the relational algebra and relational calculus?
Describe the relations that would be produced by the following tuple relational calculus expressions:(a) {H.hotelName | Hotel(H) H.city = ‘London’}(b) {H.hotelName | Hotel(H) ($R)
Provide the equivalent domain relational calculus and relational algebra expressions for each of the tuple relational calculus expressions given in Exercise 4.10.(a) {H.hotelName | Hotel(H) ∧
Generate the relational algebra, tuple relational calculus, and domain relational calculus expressions for the following queries:(a) List all hotels.(b) List all single rooms with a price below £20
Using relational algebra, create a view of all rooms in the Grosvenor Hotel, excluding price details. What would be the advantages of this view?
List all employees.
List all the details of employees who are female and born after 1990.
List all employees who are not managers and are paid more than $1500.
Produce a list of the names and addresses of all employees who work for the IT department.
Produce a list of the names of all employees who work on the SCCS project.
Explain the following terms: (a) Tuple relational calculus (b) Domain relational calculus
Using the union operator, retrieve the list of employees who are neither managers nor supervisors. Attributes to be retrieved are first name, last name, position, sex and department number.
List all copies of book titles that are available for borrowing.
List all copies of the book title Lord of the Rings that are available for borrowing.
List the names of borrowers who currently have the book title Lord of the Rings on loan.
Define the five basic relational algebra operations. Define the Join, Intersection, and Division operations in terms of these five basic operations.
List the names of borrowers with overdue books.
Analyze the RDBMSs that you are currently using. What types of relational languages does the system provide? For each of the languages provided, what are the equivalent operations for the eight
Discuss the differences between the five Join operations: Theta join, Equijoin, Natural join, Outer join, and Semijoin. Give examples to illustrate your answer.
Compare and contrast the tuple relational calculus with domain relational calculus. In particular, discuss the distinction between tuple and domain variables.
Define the structure of a (well-formed) formula in both the tuple relational calculus and domain relational calculus.
Describe the relations that would be produced by the following relational algebra operations:a) IIhotelNo sprice > 50 (Room) )b) s Hotel.hotelNo = Room.hotelNo(Hotel x Room)c)
Provide the equivalent tuple relational calculus and domain relational calculus expressions for each of the relational algebra queries given in Exercise 4.8.
How many different guests have made bookings for August?
List the price and type of all rooms at the Grosvenor Hotel.
List all guests currently staying at the Grosvenor Hotel.
List the details of all rooms at the Grosvenor Hotel, including the name of the guest staying in the room, if the room is occupied.
List the price and type of all rooms at the Grosvenor Hotel. Discuss.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of SQL?
List the rooms that are currently unoccupied at the Grosvenor Hotel.
What is the lost income from unoccupied rooms at the Grosvenor Hotel?
List the number of rooms in each hotel in London.
What is the average number of bookings for each hotel in August?
What is the most commonly booked room type for each hotel in London?
What is the lost income from unoccupied rooms at each hotel today?
Insert records into each of these tables.
Explain the function of each of the clauses in the SELECT statement. What restrictions are imposed on these clauses?
Find out how many employees are managed by ‘James Adams’.
Produce a report of the total hours worked by each employee, arranged in order of department number and within department, alphabetically by employee surname.
For each project on which more than two employees worked, list the project number, project name, and the number of employees who work on that project.
What restrictions apply to the use of the aggregate functions within the SELECT statement? How do nulls affect the aggregate functions?
List the total number of employees in each department for those departments with more than 10 employees. Create an appropriate heading for the columns of the results table.
List the names of borrowers who currently have the book title “Lord of the Rings” on loan.
Explain how the GROUP BY clause works. What is the difference between the WHERE and HAVING clauses?
Produce a report of book titles that have been borrowed by “Peter Bloomfield”.
For each book title with more than 3 copies, list the names of library members who have borrowed them.
List the names and addresses of all guests in London, alphabetically ordered by name.
Create the Hotel table using the integrity enhancement features of SQL.
Now create the Room, Booking, and Guest tables using the integrity enhancement features of SQL with the following constraints: (a) Type must be one of Single, Double, or Family. (b) Price must be
Create a separate table with the same structure as the Booking table to hold archive records. Using the INSERT statement, copy the records from the Booking table to the archive table relating to
Create a view containing the hotel name and the names of the guests staying at the hotel.
Create a view containing the account for each guest at the Grosvenor Hotel.
Consider the following view defined on the Hotel schema:
For each of the following queries, state whether the query is valid and for the valid ones should how each of the queries would be mapped onto a query on the underling base tables.(a) SELECT *FROM
Assume that we also have a table for suppliers:
Discuss the functionality and importance of the Integrity Enhancement Feature (IFF).
Create the Projects schema using the integrity enhancement features of SQL with the following constraints: (a) Sex must be one of the single characters ‘M’ or ‘F’. (b) Position must be one of
Create a view consisting of the Employee and Department tables without the address, DOB, and sex attributes.
Create a view consisting of the attributes empNo, fName, lName, projName, and hoursWorked attributes.
Consider the following table: Part (partNo, contract, partCost) which represents the cost negotiated under each contract for a part (a part may have a different price under each contract). Now
What restrictions are necessary to ensure that a view is updatable?
What is a materialized view and what are the advantages of a maintaining a materialized view rather than using the view resolution process?
Describe the difference between discretionary and mandatory access control. What type of control mechanism does SQL support?
Explain the term “impedance mismatch.” Briefly describe how SQL now overcomes the impedance mismatch.
List all hotels in the capital cities of BRICS countries.
Create a database trigger for the following situations: (a) The price of all double rooms must be greater than £100. (b) The price of double rooms must be greater than the price of the highest
Create an INSTEAD OF database trigger that will allow data to be inserted into the following view: CREATE VIEW LondonHotelRoom AS SELECT h.hotelNo, hotelName, city, roomNo, type, price FROM Hotel h,
Describe the general structure of a PL/SQL block.
Describe the control statements in PL/SQL. Give examples to illustrate your answers.
Describe how the PL/SQL statements differ from the SQL standard. Give examples to illustrate your answers.
What are SQL cursors? Give an example of the use of an SQL cursor.

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