A Balanced Introduction to Computer Science 3rd edition David Reed - Solutions

Windows 7 is an example of an operating system, as are the Mac OS and Linux. List the three main tasks that the operating system performs in controlling the computer's resources and behavior. Provide a short explanation of each?
Describe three elements common to a Graphical User Interface (GUI)? How do these elements make it easier for a user to interact with the computer.
Suppose you are shopping for a personal computer that you plan to use exclusively for email and Web access. Which would be a better use of your limited funds - a faster CPU or a larger hard drive? Why?
It has been said that the Internet could exist without the Web, but the Web couldn't exist without the Internet. Why is this true?
What is a Web server, and what role does it play in the World Wide Web?
Consider the following fictional URL: www.acme.com/products/info.html. What does each part of this URL (separated by slashes) specify?
1. TRUE or FALSE? The ARPANet, the precursor to today's Internet, was funded primarily by the U.S. Department of Defense. 2. TRUE or FALSE? Because the ARPANet utilized ordinary phone lines to connect computers over large distances, it was slow compared to existing technologies of the time. 3. TRUE
The Internet of today evolved from the ARPANet of the 1960s and 70s. In what ways is the Internet similar to the old ARPANet? In what ways is it different?
The Internet is often described as the "Information Superhighway." Describe how the analogy of a highway system fits the structure of the Internet?
Paul Baran proposed two groundbreaking design ideas for the structure and behavior of the ARPANet. Describe these design ideas and the benefits they provide?
Describe how packet-switching can increase the reliability of a network?
Internet communications are defined by a set of protocols called TCP/IP. What do TCP and IP stand for, and what is the role of each protocol in transmitting and receiving information?
What is an IP address? What steps are involved in mapping a computer's domain name (e.g., www.creighton.edu) to its IP address?
Which has grown at a faster rate, the Internet or the Web? Justify your answer.
What is hypertext? How are the key ideas of hypertext incorporated into the Web?
What specific features did the Mosaic browser include that were not available in earlier browsers? How did these features help make the Web accessible to a larger audience?
Describe two factors that contributed to Microsoft's dominance of the browser market?
What does HTTP stand for, and what is its role in facilitating Web communications?
How does caching improve the performance of a Web browser? Does caching reduce the number of interactions that take place between the browser and the Web server?
Enter the mystery1.html text from Figure 4.1 into a new Web page, then load the page in the browser to verify that it behaves as described.Modify the page so that it uses any two images that you choose. These may be images located on the Web (specified by an absolute URL starting with http://) or
Create a Web page named quotes.html that can be used to select and display at least three of your favorites quotations. The layout of this page is up to you. In particular, you may choose to use buttons or dynamic images, as shown in Figures 4.15 and 4.16, respectively. The button or image should
Similar to the mystery1.html and resize1.html pages from Exercises 4.1 and 4.2, create a Web page named border1.html that contains a dynamic image without a border. When the mouse goes over the image, the border attribute for that image should be set to 1, which causes a line to appear around the
Create a variant of the border1.html page from Exercise 4.11 named border2.html This page should contain an image and two buttons, labeled "Show Border" and "Hide Border." When the "Show Border" button is clicked, the border on the image should be displayed. Likewise, when the "Hide Border" button
Create a variant of the resize2.html page from Exercise 4.6 named resize3.html. Modify the "Expand Image" button so that it doubles the dimensions of the image each time it is clicked. Conversely, modify the other button so that it halves the height and width when clicked?
Similarly, create a variant of the border2.html page from Exercise 4.12 named border3.html. The page should have an image with a 1-‐pixel border. When the button labeled "Expand Border" is clicked, the thickness of the border should double. Conversely, when the button labeled "Shrink Border" is
Utilize the ONMOUSEOVER and ONMOUSEOUT event handlers to dynamically change the color of text or other elements within a page. Note that it is even possible to change the background color of a button when the mouse moves over it, making it appear dynamic to the user?
What error(s) occur when a JavaScript string contains incorrectly nested double quotation marks? For example, add the following button to a Web page and describe what happens when that button is clicked.
On paper, specify JavaScript assignment statements that would embed the following lines of text in a page division named outputDiv. Then, verify that your statements work associating each statement with the ONCLICK attribute of a button.The announcer screamed "Cubs win! Cubs win!"The oath began as
Similar to the mystery1.html page, create a Web page named resize1.html that contains a dynamic, resizable image. The ONMOUSEOVER attribute of that image should contain JavaScript assignments that set the height and width to twice that of the original dimensions. That is, if the image dimensions
Enter the mystery2.html text from Figure 4.4 into a new Web page, then load the page in the browser to verify that it behaves as described.Modify the page so that it uses the same two images that you chose for your mystery1.html page (from Exercise 4.1).
Enter the mystery3.html text from Figure 4.6 into a new Web page, then load the page in the browser to verify that it behaves as described.Modify the page so that it uses the same two images that you chose for your mystery1.html page (from Exercise 4.1)?
Modify the mystery3.html page so that it acts as a simple slide show. You should add at least three more buttons, each associated with a different image. As before, these may be images located on the Web (specified by an absolute URL starting with ) or local images that you have downloaded to your
Create a variant of the resize1.html page from Exercise 4.2 named resize2.html. This page should contain an image and two buttons, labeled "Expand Image" and "Restore Image." When the "Expand Image" button is clicked, the height and width of the image should be set to large values (e.g., 200 x
Create a Web page named alert.html that contains a button. When clicked, the button should pop up an alert window that displays some message. The content of the message is entirely up to you?
Enter the help.html text from Figure 4.10 into a new Web page, then load the page in the browser to verify that it behaves as described.Modify the page so that it has an additional button labeled "Clear Help." When clicked, the INNERHTML attribute of the outputDiv page division should be reassigned
An alternative to using buttons to display and hide help messages in a page would be to have dynamic help icons within the page. By moving the mouse over a help icon, the user could see the message associated with that icon.Create a page named help2.html that contains a help icon at the bottom left
Enter the greet.html text from Figure 5.1 into a new Web page, then load the page in the browser to verify that it behaves as described.Modify the page so that both occurrences of the user's name appear in italics. In order to do this, you will need to add and tags to the text of the
Computer science often deals with extremes when it comes to time. Even though modern computers can perform billions of operations per second, some tasks-such as decoding an encrypted message- still might require decades of computation.Create a Web page named years.html that prompts the user to
Create a Web page named grades.html that can be used to compute a student's overall average for a course. Your page should contain text boxes where the user can enter his or her homework average, lab average, midterm exam score, and final exam score. The page should store each value as a number in
Modify your form.html page (Exercise 5.4) so that the labels and text boxes for the words/phrases align in columns?
Modify your story.html page (Exercise 5.5) so that the labels and text boxes for the words/phrases align in columns?
Modify your grades.html page (Exercise 5.11) so that the labels and text boxes for the student's grades align in columns?
Trace the execution of the following JavaScript statements and try to predict their behavior. For each assignment, fill in the values of the variables in their corresponding boxes—even those values that aren’t changed?”
Trace the execution of the following JavaScript statements and try to predict their behavior. For each assignment, fill in the values of the variables in their corresponding boxes—even those values that aren’t changed?
Create a Web page named remainder.html that contains a text box and a button. When the button is clicked, JavaScript statements should (1) access the number entered in the text box, (2) calculate the remainder after dividing that number by 2, and (3) display that remainder in the page. Use your
Similar to the examples above, show the steps involved in evaluating each of the following mixed expressions:'The sum is ' + 12 + 2012 + 20 + 'is the sum' 12 + (20 + ' is the sum)
Create a Web page named double.html that contains this button and a text box named number-Box, which has an initial value of 1.If you start with a value of 1 in the text box, how many times must you click the button before the displayed value exceeds 500? How many times to exceed 1,000?
Enter the form.html text from Figure 5.4 into a new Web page, then load the page in the browser to verify that it behaves as described.Modify the page so that there is an additional text box where the user can enter the time for the activity. Then, modify the JavaScript button associated with the
Add a second button to your double.html page from Exercise 5.19. Each time this new button is clicked, the value in the text box named number-Box should be halved. For example, if the box contains the number 1,024, clicking the button should reduce the number to 512.If you start with a value of
Modify your greet.html page from Exercise 5.1 to similarly use a variable to simplify the displayed message. That is, the first JavaScript statement associated with the button's ONCLICK attribute should be an assignment that stores the contents of nameBox in a variable. Then, that variable should
Similarly, modify your form.html page from Exercise 5.2 to use variables. This will require a separate variable for each of the text boxes in the page. Once the contents of each of the boxes are assigned to variables, the variables should be integrated into the message being displayed?
Create a Web page named story.html that serves as an interactive fill-in-the-blank story program. Your page should contain text boxes where the user can enter words to fill in the blanks in a story. It should also contain a button which, when clicked, causes the story to be displayed with the
Enter the swap.html text from Figure 5.8 into a new Web page, then load the page in the browser to verify that it behaves as described.Modify the page so that it has a third image to the right of the existing images. In place of the single button labeled Swap Images, there should be two buttons on
Trace the execution of the following sequence of JavaScript assignments. For each assignment, fill in the values of the variables in their corresponding boxes—even those values that aren’t changed?
Consider the following button element, which executes a computation and displays the result when clicked:Create a Web page named number.html that contains the above button. Mathematically speaking, multiplying x * (1/x) should yield 1, regardless of the particular value of x. Click the button and
Enter the tip.html text from Figure 5.11 into a new Web page, then load the page in the browser to verify that it behaves as described.Modify your page so that it contains a second text box, where the user can enter the tip percentage. For example, if the user entered 15 in the percentage box, the
1. TRUE or FALSE? The first programmable machine was a mechanical calculator designed by Charles Babbage. 2. TRUE or FALSE? Ada Byron is generally acknowledged as the world's first programmer, due to her work on Babbage's Analytical Engine. 3. TRUE or FALSE? An electromagnetic relay is a mechanical
Mechanical calculators, such as those designed by Pascal and Leibniz, were first developed in the 1600s. However, they were not widely used in businesses and laboratories until the 1800s. Why was this the case?
Jacquard's loom, although unrelated to computing, influenced the development of modern computing devices. What design features of that machine are relevant to modern computer architectures?
What advantages did vacuum tubes provide over electromagnetic relays? What were the disadvantages of vacuum tubes?
As it did with many technologies, World War II greatly influenced the development of computers? In what ways did the war effort contribute to the evolution of computer technology? In what ways did the need for secrecy during the war hinder computer development?
What features of Babbage's Analytical Engine did von Neumann incorporate into his architecture? Why did it take over a century for Babbage's vision of a general-purpose, programmable computer to be realized?
It was claimed that the ENIAC was programmable, but programming it to perform a different task required rewiring and reconfiguring the physical components of the machine. Describe how the adoption of the von Neumann architecture allowed for subsequent machines to be more easily programmed to
What is a transistor, and how did the introduction of transistors lead to faster and cheaper computers? What other effects did transistors have on modern technology and society?
What does the acronym VLSI stand for? How did the development of VLSI technology contribute to the personal computer revolution of the late 1970s?
What was the first personal computer and when was it first marketed? How was this product different from today's PCs?
Describe two innovations introduced by Apple Computer in the late 1970s and early 1980s?
Each generation of computers resulted in machines that were cheaper, faster, and thus accessible to more people. How did this trend affect the development of programming languages?
Two of the technological advances described in this chapter were so influential that they earned their inventors a Nobel Prize in Physics. Identify the inventions and inventors?
Use the functest.html page to determine the purpose of each of the following mathematical functions. Be sure to test each function using a variety of numerical inputs, including negative numbers and fractions. Descriptions of the Math.sqrt and Math.max functions are already provided for you?
Similarly, modify your grades.html page from Chapter 5 (Exercise 5.11) so that it uses a function to encapsulate the statements for accessing individual grades, calculating their average, and displaying that average in the page. The button in the page should call this function when clicked?
Enter the dice.html text from Figure 7.8 into a new Web page, then load the page in the browser to verify that it behaves as described.Once you have done this, modify the page so that it contains two die images, side-by-side above the button. When the button is clicked, both die images should be
Make a copy of the dice.html page from Figure 7.8 and name it slides.html. Then modify this new page to serve as random slide show. You will need to store the image files for your slide show in the same folder as your Web page, and use a consistent naming scheme for the image files (similar to the
Add the attribute onload="SelectImage();" to the BODY element of your slides.html page, so that it randomly selects from the images and displays that image when the page loads. Verify that your page behaves as desired?
Enter the bannerads.html text from Figure 7.10 into a new Web page, then load the page in the browser to verify that it behaves as described. Modify the second argument in the set-Interval function call so that the banner ad changes every 10 seconds instead of every 5 seconds?
Make the following modifications to your bannerads.html page so that it rotates the banner ads as opposed to selecting them at random. First, modify the opening BODY tag (line 22) so that it appears as follows:<body onload="adNum=0; setInterval('SelectAd()', 5000);">The new statement added to
Modify your round.html page from Exercise 7.2 so that it uses a function to encapsulate the statements for accessing the number, rounding it, and displaying it in the page. The button in the page should call this function when clicked?
Modify your bits.html page from Exercise 7.4 so that it uses a function to encapsulate the statements for accessing the number of bits, calculating the number of values, and displaying it in the page. The button in the page should call this function when clicked?
Modify your form.html page from Chapter 5 (Exercise 5.4) so that it uses a function to encapsulate the statements for accessing the words or phrases and displaying the form letter in the page. The button in the page should call this function when clicked?
Modify your swap.html page from Chapter 5 (Exercise 5.6) so that it uses a function to encapsulate the statements for swapping the source files for the two image elements. The button in the page should call this function when clicked?
Enter the round.html text from Figure 7.2 into a new Web page, then load the page in the browser to verify that it behaves as described.Modify the page so that instead of rounding the number to one decimal place, it rounds to two decimal places. For example, the number 3.14159 would be rounded down
Modify your years.html page from Chapter 5 (Exercise 5.10) so that it uses a function to encapsulate the statements for accessing the number of years, calculating the corresponding number of seconds, and displaying the seconds in the page. The button in the page should call this function when
Many applications in computer graphics involve determining the relative positions of pixels in the plane. The following formula computes the distance between two points (x1, y1) and (x2, y2).Create a Web page named distance.html that computes the distance between two arbitrary points. Your page
In Exercise 7.2, you modified the round.html page so that it rounded the number to two decimal places instead of 1. This involved multiplying the number by 100 (instead of 10), rounding to the nearest integer, then dividing by 100 (instead of 10). This process can be generalized to any number of
Add an ONLOAD attribute to your home page from Chapter 2. Within that attribute, place a call to the alert function so that a greeting is displayed when the page loads. For example, the alert window might display the message 'Hello and welcome to my page!'
Add an ONUNLOAD attribute to your home page from Chapter 2. Within that attribute, place a call to the alert function so that a farewell is displayed when the page unloads. For example, the alert window might display the message 'Thanks for visiting my page. Come back soon!'
Consider your tip.html page from Exercise 5.9. If you enter a check amount of $17.73 and select a 15% tip, the page will report 'You should tip $2.6595.' While mathematically accurate, this amount of precision is overkill. When dealing with dollars and cents, you really want the answer rounded up
Recall from Chapter 1 that computer memory is comprised of individual bits of data. A bit (short for binary digit) can store one of only two values, commonly referred to as 0 and 1. However, using two bits, you can represent four different values through the bit patterns 00, 01, 10, and 11. With
The functest.html page (Figure 7.1) contains text boxes and a button that can be used to evaluate expressions of the form X*Math.random()+Y, where X and Y are values entered by the user. Use the page to determine the range of random numbers generated by each of the following expressions. You will
Enter the lucky1.html text from Figure 7.4 into a new Web page, then load the page in the browser to verify that it behaves as described.Most lotteries select winning numbers by drawing numbered balls out of bins. For example, a typical Pick-4 lottery will utilize four bins, each containing balls
Enter the lucky2.html text from Figure 7.7 into a new Web page, then load the page in the browser to verify that it behaves as described.Once you have done this, modify your pick4.html page from Exercise 7.6 so that it similarly makes use of a function in the HEAD. Your function should contain the
Modify your tip.html page from Exercise 7.3 so that it similarly uses a function in the HEAD. When the button is clicked, the function should be called to perform the tip calculation and display the result in the page division?
Modify your story.html page from Chapter 5 (Exercise 5.5) so that it uses a function to encapsulate the statements for accessing the words and phrases entered by the user and then displaying the story. The button in the page should call this function when clicked?
Suppose that you were asked to arrange a group of people in sequence from oldest to youngest. You must organize a line that begins with the oldest person and continues in descending order according to age. Describe an algorithm for completing this task?
Suppose that you have been given an O(N) algorithm that averages student grades, where N is the number of grades. If it takes 1 minute to average 100 grades using the algorithm, how long would you expect it to take to average 200 grades? 400 grades? Justify your answer.
Suppose you needed to look up a number in your local phone book. Roughly, what is the population of your city? How many checks would be required, in the worst case, to find the phone number using sequential search? How many checks would be required, in the worst case, to find the phone number using
Consider the list of states from Figure 8.5. Which state in the list is the "easiest" to find using binary search? That is, which state could be located in the fewest number of checks? Generalize your answer so that it applies to any sorted list of items.
Again, consider the list of states from Figure 8.5. Which state in the list is the "hardest" to find using binary search? That is, which state would require the largest number of checks to be located? Generalize your answer so that it applies to any sorted list of items.
Refer to the Newton.html page. How many refinements does Newton's algorithm require to compute the square root of 900? 10,000? 152,399,025?
Imagine that, while you are using Newton's algorithm, the approximations converge on the actual square root of the number. What would happen if you tried to further refine the square root? Would the value change? Why or why not?

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A Balanced Introduction to Computer Science 3rd edition David Reed - Solutions

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